111份紫花苜蓿种质资源苗期表型抗旱性鉴定评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (19): 3825-3836.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

111份紫花苜蓿种质资源苗期表型抗旱性鉴定评价

包明芳¹^,²(), 秦燕¹(), 陈彩锦¹^,²(), 张尚沛², 张国辉², 沙晓弟²

¹ 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院（青海省畜牧兽医科学院）/青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室，西宁 810016
² 宁夏农林科学院固原分院，宁夏固原 756000

收稿日期:2025-04-07 接受日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2025-10-01 发布日期:2025-10-10
通信作者:
秦燕，E-mail：mule119@163.com。
陈彩锦，E-mail：ccj401224@126.com。
联系方式: 包明芳，E-mail：3234995346@qq.com。
基金资助:
固原市创新驱动科技研发“拨改投”项目(2024BGTYF01-33); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BBF02029); 宁夏农业种质资源库基础条件建设(2022DPC05001); 宁夏生态农业产业专家服务基地(2420000001)

Evaluation of 111 Alfalfa Germplasm Resources for Seedling Phenotypic Drought Tolerance Characterization

BAO MingFang¹^,²(), QIN Yan¹(), CHEN CaiJin¹^,²(), ZHANG ShangPei², ZHANG GuoHui², SHA XiaoDi²

¹ Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine)/ Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Utilization of Excellent Forage Germplasm Resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xining 810016
² Guyuan Branch, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan 756000, Ningxia

Received:2025-04-07 Accepted:2025-06-27 Published:2025-10-01 Online:2025-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探寻可表征紫花苜蓿核心种质群体苗期抗旱性的理想性状及方法，挖掘优异抗旱种质，为紫花苜蓿苗期抗旱性鉴定及种质创新和育种提供技术支撑和材料基础。【方法】以111份紫花苜蓿核心种质为材料，测定自然干旱胁迫和正常供水（对照）下株高（PH）、地上部鲜重（SFW）、地上部干重（SDW）、主根长（MRL）、根鲜重（RFW）、根干重（RDW）6个性状的单项抗旱系数，结合紫花苜蓿各性状的单项抗旱系数、相关性、主成分、隶属函数、线性逐步回归、聚类等分析方法，评估各紫花苜蓿种质对干旱胁迫的响应差异，筛选其苗期抗旱性鉴定性状与方法，挖掘紫花苜蓿苗期抗旱性优异资源。【结果】单项抗旱系数分析表明，干旱胁迫对紫花苜蓿苗期的6个性状均显著抑制；性状相关性结果显示，6个性状之间存在正相关关系；主成分结果表明，紫花苜蓿6个单项抗旱性状可综合成4个综合抗旱性状，贡献率累计到86.885%；采用单项抗旱系数、相关性、主成分及线性逐步回归等方法综合评判出SFW、SDW、RFW、RDW为评价苗期紫花苜蓿材料的理想性状；利用CDC值和D值分类方法，将111份紫花苜蓿核心种质群体进行苗期抗旱性分类，发现2种抗旱性分类方法对各种质抗旱性划分仅存在细微的差异；对111份紫花苜蓿核心种质的D值进行聚类划分，各种质划分为5类，分属于强抗旱型、较强抗旱型、中等抗旱型、弱抗旱型和干旱敏感型种质。【结论】确定SFW、SDW、RFW、RDW是紫花苜蓿苗期进行抗旱性评价的最佳性状；分别挖掘出苗期紫花苜蓿强抗旱型和较强抗旱型材料6份和25份。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 种质资源, 苗期, 干旱胁迫, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the ideal traits and methods that can characterize the drought resistance of the core germplasm population of alfalfa at the seedling stage, and to mine excellent drought-resistant germplasm, so as to provide technical support and material basis for the identification of drought resistance of alfalfa at the seedling stage, germplasm innovation and breeding.【Method】Using 111 core germplasms of alfalfa as materials, the single drought resistance coefficients of six traits, namely plant height (PH), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), main root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), and root dry weight (RDW), were determined under natural drought stress and normal water supply (control). Combining the analysis methods such as the single drought resistance coefficient, correlation, principal component, membership function, linear stepwise regression, and clustering of each trait of alfalfa, the response differences of each alfalfa germplasm to drought stress were evaluated, the traits and methods for identifying drought resistance at the seedling stage were screened, and the excellent resources of drought resistance at the seedling stage of alfalfa were explored.【Result】The analysis of the single drought resistance coefficient indicated that drought stress significantly inhibited all six traits of alfalfa at the seedling stage. The results of trait correlation showed that there was a positive correlation among the six traits. The principal component results indicated that the six individual drought-resistant traits of alfalfa could be combined into four comprehensive drought-resistant traits, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 86.885%. The methods such as single drought resistance coefficient, correlation, principal component and linear stepwise regression were comprehensively evaluated to determine that SFW, SDW, RFW and RDW were the ideal traits for evaluating alfalfa materials at the seedling stage. Using the classification methods of CDC value and D value, the drought resistance of 111 core germplasm populations of alfalfa at the seedling stage was classified. It was found that there were only subtle differences in the classification of drought resistance of various germplasm by the two drought resistance classification methods. The D values of 111 alfalfa core germplasms were clustered and classified. The various germplasms were divided into 5 categories, which belonged to strongly drought-resistant, moderately drought-resistant, moderately drought-resistant and drought-sensitive germplasms respectively.【Conclusion】Determine that SFW, SDW, RFW and RDW are the best traits for drought resistance evaluation of alfalfa at the seedling stage; The number of highly drought-resistant and relatively drought-resistant materials of alfalfa at the seedling stage excavated was 6 and 25 respectively.

Key words: alfalfa, germplasm resources, seedling stage, drought stress, comprehensive assessment

包明芳, 秦燕, 陈彩锦, 张尚沛, 张国辉, 沙晓弟. 111份紫花苜蓿种质资源苗期表型抗旱性鉴定评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(19): 3825-3836.

BAO MingFang, QIN Yan, CHEN CaiJin, ZHANG ShangPei, ZHANG GuoHui, SHA XiaoDi. Evaluation of 111 Alfalfa Germplasm Resources for Seedling Phenotypic Drought Tolerance Characterization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3825-3836.

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相对性状 Relative trait	范围Realm (%)	均值 Average value	均方 Mean square	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
相对株高RPH	0.44-4.37	0.9123	0.4292	47.04
地上部相对鲜重RSFW	0.10-1.83	0.4765	0.3062	64.26
地上部相对干重RSDW	0.09-3.33	0.6545	0.4474	68.36
相对主根长RMRL	0.26-1.74	0.9999	0.2903	29.04
相对根鲜重RRFW	0.02-1.64	0.4821	0.3790	78.60
相对根干重RRDW	0.06-3.00	0.7446	0.5204	69.89

相对性状 Relative trait	地上部相对鲜重 RSFW	地上部相对干重RSDW	相对主根长RMRL	相对根鲜重RRFW	相对根干重RRDW
相对株高RPH	0.1947*	0.0478	0.3040**	0.3215**	0.2529**
地上部相对鲜重 RSFW		0.4491**	0.1389	0.4862**	0.5091**
地上部相对干重 RSDW			0.0997	0.5079**	0.5744**
相对主根长 RMRL				0.3207**	0.1993*
相对根鲜重 RRFW					0.5699**

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin度量值 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measurement value	Bartlett球形度检验 Bartlett’s sphericity test
0.785	近似卡方Approximate Chi-squared value	174.066
	自由度Degrees freedom	15
	显著性Significance	0.000

相对性状 Relative trait	主成分Principal component
相对性状 Relative trait	第1主成分PC1	第2主成分PC2	第3主成分PC3	第4主成分PC4
相对株高RPH	0.157	0.577	-0.770	-0.256
地上部相对鲜重RSFW	0.260	-0.183	-0.245	1.140
地上部相对干重RSDW	0.259	-0.371	0.234	-0.493
相对主根长RMRL	0.149	0.575	0.828	0.231
相对根鲜重RRFW	0.299	0.036	0.062	-0.215
相对根干重RRDW	0.297	-0.145	-0.060	-0.333
特征值Eigenvalues	2.782	1.167	0.714	0.550
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	46.374	19.449	11.901	9.161
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%)	46.374	65.822	77.724	86.885

资源序号 Resource number	CDC值 CDC values	资源序号 Resource number	D值 D-values
AG60	1.7251	AG110	0.6961
AG25	1.5020	AG60	0.6699
AG5	1.3396	AG51	0.6222
AG49	1.3300	AG5	0.6163
AG110	1.2412	AG25	0.6042
AG51	1.2238	AG49	0.5780
AG89	1.1856	AG87	0.5414
AG6	1.1262	AG6	0.5263
AG42	1.1114	AG67	0.5159
AG87	1.0959	AG89	0.5028

111份紫花苜蓿种质资源苗期表型抗旱性鉴定评价

Evaluation of 111 Alfalfa Germplasm Resources for Seedling Phenotypic Drought Tolerance Characterization

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指标Index	D值D-values
相对株高RPH	0.5289**
地上部相对鲜重RSFW	0.6706**
地上部相对干重RSDW	0.6989**
相对主根长RMRL	0.4552**
相对根鲜重RRFW	0.8050**
相对根干重RRDW	0.8231**

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