禾本科作物抗倒伏研究进展、瓶颈与应对策略

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1587-1607.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

禾本科作物抗倒伏研究进展、瓶颈与应对策略

罗海琴¹(), 罗仁林¹, 刘廷辉², 郭伟龙³, 曾子贤¹^,⁴, 朱博¹^,⁴^,^*()

¹ 四川师范大学生命科学学院，成都 610101
² 甘孜藏族自治州农业科学研究所，四川甘孜 626000
³ 中国农业大学农学院，北京 100083
⁴ 四川师范大学植物功能基因组及生物信息学研究中心，成都 610101

收稿日期:2025-09-14 接受日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-04-16 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
朱博，E-mail：bozhu@sicnu.edu.cn
联系方式: 罗海琴，E-mail：luohaiqin17@163.com。
基金资助:
四川省科技计划(省院省校合作2025YFHZ0044); 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05)

Progress, Challenges, and Strategies in Lodging Resistance Research of Gramineous Crops

LUO HaiQin¹(), LUO RenLin¹, LIU TingHui², GUO WeiLong³, ZENG ZiXian¹^,⁴, ZHU Bo¹^,⁴^,^*()

¹ College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101
² Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzi 626000, Sichuan
³ College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
⁴ Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101

Received:2025-09-14 Accepted:2025-11-10 Published:2026-04-16 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

禾本科作物是我国粮食安全和农业稳定生产的核心作物，但倒伏问题长期以来严重制约其高产稳产和品质提升。本文系统综述了禾本科作物倒伏的主要类型、影响因素、评价方法、遗传基础与改良策略，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。研究表明，作物倒伏主要分为茎倒伏和根倒伏，其发生受植株形态结构、茎秆力学性能和细胞壁成分等内部因素，以及自然环境和栽培管理等外部条件的协同调控。在倒伏评价方面，田间观察、模型评价和智能遥感等方法各具优势，适用于不同研究与应用场景。多个禾本科作物已鉴定出与株高、茎秆强度和株型相关的重要基因，为遗传解析与分子改良提供了理论依据。抗倒伏育种正从传统杂交育种、分子标记辅助选择向分子设计与基因编辑育种及基因组选择辅助育种方向发展。本文进一步总结了抗倒伏研究面临的主要瓶颈，并提出了相应的解决对策：1）构建基于小样本的田间抗倒伏能力预测模型；2）解析禾本科抗倒伏性状的共性基础，探索差异化改良策略；3）构建“基因编辑-调控编辑”双驱动的精准分子设计育种模式；4）构建“品种-区域-技术”匹配的栽培模式，以期为抗倒伏的基础研究及生产实践提供理论依据与实践参考。

关键词: 禾本科, 抗倒伏, 影响因素, 评价方法, 遗传基础

Abstract:

Gramineous crops are the core crops for China's food security and stable agricultural production. However, the problem of lodging has long seriously restricted their high and stable yields as well as quality improvement. This article systematically reviews the main types, influencing factors, evaluation methods, genetic basis and improvement strategies of lodging in gramineous crops, and looks forward to the future research directions. Research shows that crop lodging is mainly divided into stem lodging and root lodging. Its occurrence is regulated in a coordinated manner by internal factors such as plant morphology and structure, stem mechanical properties and cell wall components, as well as external conditions such as natural environment and cultivation management. In terms of lodging assessment, methods such as field observation, model evaluation, and high-throughput remote sensing each have their own advantages and are suitable for different research and application scenarios. Important genes related to plant height, stem strength and plant type have been identified in several gramineous crops, providing a theoretical basis for genetic analysis and molecular improvement. Lodging-resistant breeding is shifting from traditional hybrid breeding and marker-assisted selection toward molecular design and gene-editing breeding, as well as genomic selection-assisted breeding.This paper further summarizes the current challenges of lodging resistance breeding and potential strategies for the improvement in gramineous crops: 1) Construct a field anti-lodging capacity prediction model based on small samples; 2) Analyze the common basis of lodging resistance traits in grasses and explore differentiated improvement strategies; 3) Construct precise molecular design breeding targeting key genes and cis-regulatory elements; 4) Establish a cultivation model that matches “variety-region-technology”, with the aim of providing theoretical basis and practical reference for the basic research and production practice of lodging resistance.

Key words: gramineae, lodging resistance, influencing factors, evaluation methods, genetic basis

罗海琴, 罗仁林, 刘廷辉, 郭伟龙, 曾子贤, 朱博. 禾本科作物抗倒伏研究进展、瓶颈与应对策略[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1587-1607.

LUO HaiQin, LUO RenLin, LIU TingHui, GUO WeiLong, ZENG ZiXian, ZHU Bo. Progress, Challenges, and Strategies in Lodging Resistance Research of Gramineous Crops[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1587-1607.

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分类 Classification	物种 Species	基因 Genes	参考文献 References
株高 Plant height	玉米Zea mays	DBB2, ZmGA2ox4, ZmTE1, ZmBRI1, ZmACS7, ZmDWF4, ZmCPK39, ZmCYP90D1, ZmGA3ox2, ZmGA20ox3, Lil1, na2/DWARF1, Bv1, Brd1, vt2/TAA1, D8, D9, BR2/ZmABCB1, ZmGAD5	[68-69,79 -81,83,86 -89,107 -112]
	水稻Oryza sativa	DEP1, LEAF1, OsUBR7, OsGA20ox-2, SD1, Dd7, OSH15, SBI, LB4D, Ssi1	[72,84 -85,90,102,113 -118]
	小麦Triticum aestivum	Rht-B1b (Rht1), Rht-D1b (Rht2), TaERF-A1, TaGXM1, TaWUS-like, TaActin7, Rht8, Rht12, Rht13, Rht18, Rht24, Rht25, TaERF8, GA2ox8, GA2oxA9, GA2oxA13, GA2oxA14	[19,73 -74,76,119 -127]
	大麦Hordeum vulgare	HvGS3, HvGA2ox, HvGA3ox1, HvGA20ox2, Brh1, Brh2	[46,75,82,128 -130]
	高粱Sorghum bicolor	DW7a, DW3	[87,131]
	燕麦Avena sativa	DW6	[132]
茎秆 Stem	玉米Zea mays	ZmLAC3, ZmLAC5, Zm4CL1, ZmCtl1, CesA, ZmCCD8, ZmCCoAOMT2, ZmCHS, ZmGCH1, COMT, CAD, MTHFR, FPGS	[91-93,133 -134]
	水稻Oryza sativa	STRONG2, STRONG1, IPA1/OsSPL14, OsFBA2, OsYABBY5, OsKAN1, OsCNGC10, OsTCP19, OsRLCK191, Gn1a/OsCKX2, OsPEX1, SCM3/OsTB1, SCM2/APO1, OsHox32, OsCYPq1, OsEXTL, SMOS1, OsCESA4, OsCESA7, OsCESA9, OsKinesin-4, OsDRP2B, BC10, OsBC1, BC15/OsCTL1, BC14/OsNST1, OsBC17, OsMYB103L	[13,19,45,94 -101,135 -144]
	小麦Triticum aestivum	TaARF12, TdDof	[145-146]
	大麦Hordeum vulgare	HvGS3, HvGA3ox1, HvGA20ox2	[75,128,147]
	高粱Sorghum bicolor	DW1, DW2	[148-149]
株型 Plant architecture	玉米Zea mays	DBB2, CT3, CT2, LG1, LG2, DIL1, ZmBEH1, ZmBZR1, ZmIBH1, ZmILI1, PhyB	[15,69,150]
	水稻Oryza sativa	SD1, DEP1, Gn1a/OsCKX2, STRONG1, IPA1/OsSPL14, LP, MOC1, SDT, TAC1, PROG1, TAC3, DWARF2(D2), TIG1, SCM3/OsTB1, SCM2/APO1	[17,19,45,97 -100,102 -103,105 -106,151 -156]
	小麦Triticum aestivum	TaTAC1-D1, TaHST1L, TN1, TaD27	[16]

禾本科作物抗倒伏研究进展、瓶颈与应对策略

Progress, Challenges, and Strategies in Lodging Resistance Research of Gramineous Crops

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