钙/铝基改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土质量及向日葵产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.015

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4231-4245.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.015

钙/铝基改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土质量及向日葵产量的影响

李明珠¹^,²(), 田荣荣¹^,², 李然¹, 王淑娟¹^,², 王伟妮³, 王婧⁴^,⁵, 刘俊梅³, 刘嘉¹^,²^,⁶, 李玉义⁴^,⁵, 徐立珍¹^,²^,⁶, 李彦¹^,², 赵永敢¹^,²^,⁶()

¹ 清华大学能源与动力工程系/北京市盐碱及荒漠化地区生态修复与固碳工程技术研究中心，北京 100084
² 清华大学山西清洁能源研究院，太原 030032
³ 鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017010
⁴ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
⁵ 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347
⁶ 华清农业开发有限责任公司，北京 100084

收稿日期:2025-08-25 接受日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
赵永敢，E-mail：zhaoyonggan@tsinghua.edu.cn
联系方式: 李明珠，E-mail：516097813@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900600); 鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001); 巴彦淖尔市科技计划项目(K202321)

Effects of Calcium/Aluminum-Based Amendments on Saline-Alkali Soil Quality and Sunflower Yield in the Hetao Irrigation District

LI MingZhu¹^,²(), TIAN RongRong¹^,², LI Ran¹, WANG ShuJuan¹^,², WANG WeiNi³, WANG Jing⁴^,⁵, LIU JunMei³, LIU Jia¹^,²^,⁶, LI YuYi⁴^,⁵, XU LiZhen¹^,²^,⁶, LI Yan¹^,², ZHAO YongGan¹^,²^,⁶()

¹ Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Carbon Sequestration in Saline-Alkali and Desertified Areas, Beijing 100084
² Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030032
³ Ordos Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resources Protection Center, Ordos 017010, Inner Mongolia
⁴ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
⁵ National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong
⁶ Huaqing Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084

Received:2025-08-25 Accepted:2025-09-30 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究钙/铝基改良剂对内蒙古河套灌区盐碱土质量和向日葵产量的影响，为该区盐碱地综合治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市开展两年（2022—2023年）田间小区定位试验，设置对照（CK）及钙基（Ca-based）、铝基（Al-based）和钙铝复合（Ca+Al-based）3种改良剂处理，系统分析收获期0—20 cm土层盐碱指标、养分含量及向日葵农艺性状与籽粒产量；采用主成分分析法构建土壤质量指数（SQI），并结合结构方程模型解析改良剂对SQI和向日葵产量的影响路径。【结果】与CK相比，3种改良剂均能提高SQI和向日葵产量。其中，Ca+Al-based处理在降低土壤pH值（0.09—0.24单位）、钠吸附比（14.3%—24.9%）及提高土壤速效磷（72.7%—147.0%）、硝态氮（0.6%—89.6%）等方面的效果最优，其SQI和产量也较CK显著提高了51.0%—58.0%和30.0%—51.4%。而Ca-based处理的效果次之，其SQI提高了36.3%—51.0%，产量仅在2022年提高了29.3%。值得注意的是，含钙处理（Ca+Al-based和Ca-based）虽使土壤电导率较CK升高了16.0%—70.4%，但主要源于水溶性Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-等离子浓度的增加，未对作物产生盐害。结构方程模型表明，改良剂通过直接调控土壤盐碱和养分指标，间接提升SQI和向日葵产量。其中，土壤盐碱障碍消减对向日葵产量的贡献率（79.2%）高于养分的提高对产量的贡献率（20.8%）。【结论】钙铝复合改良剂通过协同增效作用，显著改善盐碱地质量并提高向日葵产量，适于在内蒙古河套灌区及生态条件类似区域的盐碱地上推广应用。

关键词: 脱硫石膏, 硫酸铝, 土壤改良剂, 盐碱地, 土壤质量, 向日葵, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of calcium- and/or aluminum-based soil amendments on soil quality and sunflower yield in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, China, so as to provide a theoretical support and technical guidance for the comprehensive governance of saline-alkali lands in the region.【Method】A two-year (2022-2023) field experiment was conducted in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, with four treatments: control (CK), calcium-based amendment (Ca-based), aluminum-based amendment (Al-based), and calcium+aluminum-based amendment (Ca+Al-based). The experiment systematically assessed soil salinity indices and nutrient content in the 0-20 cm soil layer, as well as sunflower agronomic traits and grain yield at harvest. The soil quality index (SQI) was constructed using principal component analysis, and structural equation modeling was employed to reveal the effects of the amendments on SQI and sunflower yield. 【Result】Compared with CK, all three soil amendments improved the SQI and sunflower yield. Among the treatments, the Ca+Al-based amendment demonstrated the most promising results, specifically reducing soil pH by 0.09-0.24 units and sodium adsorption ratio by 14.3%-24.9%, and increasing soil available phosphorus by 72.7%-147.0% and nitrate nitrogen by 0.6%-89.6%. Consequently, it increased the SQI by 51.0%-58.0% and sunflower seed yield by 30.0%-51.4% compared with CK. The Ca-based treatment was less pronounced, with SQI increasing by 36.3%-51.0% and yield increasing only in 2022 (29.3%). Notably, soil electrical conductivity increased by 16.0%-70.4% under the Ca-based and Ca+Al-based treatments, primarily due to an increase in water-soluble Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2- concentrations, and did not lead to salt damage in plants. In addition, structural equation modeling revealed that the amendments exerted their effects by directly regulating soil salinity and nutrient indices, which indirectly increased SQI and yield. Furthermore, the contribution of soil salinity reduction to yield (79.2%) was greater than that of nutrient improvement (20.8%). 【Conclusion】The Ca+Al-based amendment demonstrated a synergistic effect in significantly improving soil quality and sunflower yield, making it a suitable option for further application in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia and similar ecological regions.

Key words: desulfurization gypsum, aluminum sulfate, soil amendment, saline-alkali soil, soil quality, sunflower, yield

李明珠, 田荣荣, 李然, 王淑娟, 王伟妮, 王婧, 刘俊梅, 刘嘉, 李玉义, 徐立珍, 李彦, 赵永敢. 钙/铝基改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土质量及向日葵产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4231-4245.

LI MingZhu, TIAN RongRong, LI Ran, WANG ShuJuan, WANG WeiNi, WANG Jing, LIU JunMei, LIU Jia, LI YuYi, XU LiZhen, LI Yan, ZHAO YongGan. Effects of Calcium/Aluminum-Based Amendments on Saline-Alkali Soil Quality and Sunflower Yield in the Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4231-4245.

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pH	电导率 EC (μS·cm^-1)	钠吸附比 SAR ((mmol·L^-1)^1/2)	水溶性离子 Water-soluble ions (cmol·kg^-1)							养分含量 Nutrient status
pH	电导率 EC (μS·cm^-1)	钠吸附比 SAR ((mmol·L^-1)^1/2)	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	有机碳SOC (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
8.8	541	7.2	<0.1	1.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	1.1	0.6	6.6	8.1	27.1	8.0	154.3

改良剂 Amendment	主要元素比例 Proportion of major element (%)
改良剂 Amendment	Ca	Al	S	C	O	N	P	K	Si	Mg	Fe	Cl	Na	其他Other
Ca-based	13.9	2.4	8.2	13.2	49.6	1.7	0.2	1.6	6.3	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.5
Al-based	4.8	5.3	8.9	10.2	51.1	1.4	0.2	6.7	8.0	0.6	1.6	0.2	0.7	0.5
Ca+Al-based	12.2	4.8	10.7	7.3	53.6	1.2	0.2	2.8	5.2	0.4	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.5

指标 Indicators	综合得分系数 Comprehensive score coefficient		权重 Weight
指标 Indicators	2022	2023	2022	2023
pH	0.208	0.256	0.063	0.072
电导率EC	0.212	0.253	0.065	0.072
K⁺	0.189	0.255	0.057	0.072
Na⁺	0.213	0.252	0.065	0.071
Ca²⁺	0.245	0.250	0.075	0.071
Mg²⁺	0.263	0.258	0.080	0.073
Cl^-	0.262	0.214	0.080	0.06
SO₄^2-	0.210	0.276	0.064	0.078
HCO₃^-	0.161	0.204	0.049	0.058
有机碳SOC	0.204	0.214	0.062	0.061
全氮TN	0.224	0.161	0.068	0.046
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N	0.193	0.238	0.059	0.067
硝态氮NO₃^--N	0.252	0.251	0.077	0.071
有效磷AP	0.262	0.238	0.080	0.067
速效钾AK	0.191	0.216	0.058	0.061

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
2022	CK	6.79±0.4a	0.81±0.05a	8.87±0.77a	18.0±4.12b	7.55±0.3b	160±0.98b
	Ca-based	7.24±0.15a	0.83±0.12a	6.46±0.63b	35.3±1.98a	13.6±0.97a	246±10.6a
	Al-based	6.93±0.32a	0.78±0.04a	7.35±0.69ab	35.2±2.48a	7.38±0.53b	162±1.28b
	Ca+Al-based	7.07±0.34a	0.76±0.06a	6.08±0.58b	34.2±2.23a	13.0±1.87a	167±2.49b
2023	CK	6.44±0.18a	0.73±0.01a	4.02±0.33a	69.9±2.73a	5.49±0.98b	115±3.27a
	Ca-based	6.45±0.15a	0.80±0.12a	3.43±0.32a	39.3±11.81b	8.57±0.31b	126±2.45a
	Al-based	6.82±0.43a	0.76±0.03a	4.12±0.28a	67.8±3.54a	8.14±0.75b	97.7±2.08b
	Ca+Al-based	6.74±0.23a	0.80±0.05a	4.12±0.24a	70.4±2.19a	13.6±1.95a	123±5.33a
方差分析 ANOVA (P-value)
处理（改良剂）Treatment (T)		0.57	0.49	0.03	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year (Y)		0.03	0.51	<0.001	<0.001	0.02	<0.001
处理×年份T×Y		0.43	0.49	0.01	<0.001	0.01	<0.001

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)	株高 Plant height (cm)	花盘直径 Disk diameter (cm)	百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Seed yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	CK	76.0±7.1a	123.3±4.7d	18.7±1.2b	14.7±0.2b	2656.5±217.5b
	Ca-based	77.3±1.9a	220.0±12.6a	21.3±0.5ab	17.4±0.6a	3453.1±288.7a
	Al-based	79.7±2.9a	197.3±3.3b	24.3±1.2a	15.0±0.6b	3129.8±219.8ab
	Ca+Al-based	84.0±2.8a	166.7±6.9c	23.7±1.2a	17.0±0.4a	3434.3±296.1a
2023	CK	71.7±13.1b	205.8±9.5ab	21.9±1.8a	15.5±0.9a	3375.7±329.3b
	Ca-based	86.7±12.5a	217.2±7.3a	21.7±1.5a	18.9±0.8a	4780.1±434.6ab
	Al-based	73.3±2.4b	223.3±1.8a	24.3±1.8a	17.5±1.3a	4523.2±332.5ab
	Ca+Al-based	85.0±4.1a	190.7±14.9b	24.1±0.6a	18.5±0.3a	5110.3±630.1a
方差分析ANOVA (P-value)
处理（改良剂）Treatment (T)		0.18	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year (Y)		0.98	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
处理×年份T×Y		0.45	0.001	0.321	0.425	0.008

钙/铝基改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土质量及向日葵产量的影响

Effects of Calcium/Aluminum-Based Amendments on Saline-Alkali Soil Quality and Sunflower Yield in the Hetao Irrigation District

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