盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境足迹及经济效益的协同效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.014

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4216-4230.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.014

盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境足迹及经济效益的协同效应

张梦璇¹(), 常芳弟¹, 魏禾雅¹, 李晓红², 伍林美², 张宏媛¹^,³()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所），北京 100081
² 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究所，内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000
³ 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347

收稿日期:2025-07-14 接受日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
张宏媛，E-mail：zhanghongyuan@caas.cn
联系方式: 张梦璇，E-mail：zmx_caas@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32401435); “科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(NMKJXM202303); 中国农业科学院重大科技任务(CAAS-ZDRW202407); 国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)

Synergistic Effects of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation and Nitrogen Reduction in Saline-Alkali Soil on Wheat Yield, Environmental Footprint, and Economic Benefit

ZHANG MengXuan¹(), CHANG FangDi¹, WEI HeYa¹, LI XiaoHong², WU LinMei², ZHANG HongYuan¹^,³()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081
² Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Bayannur 015000, Inner Mongolia
³ National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong

Received:2025-07-14 Accepted:2025-09-24 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究盐碱地麦后复种绿肥结合氮肥减施对小麦产量、碳氮足迹及经济环境效益的影响，推动生态脆弱区农业由“增产导向”向“资源节约、环境友好、经济效益合理”三维目标协同转变，为区域农业绿色转型与盐碱地高效利用提供科学依据与实践路径。【方法】依托于内蒙古河套灌区巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学院园子渠试验基地开展麦后复种绿肥裂区试验，主区为绿肥还田方式：绿肥仅根茬还田（GMR）、绿肥地上部与根茬共同还田（GMRS）；副区为春小麦季氮肥施用水平：常规施氮（200 kg N·hm^-2，N100）、减施10%氮肥（180 kg N·hm^-2，N90）和减施20%氮肥（160 kg N·hm^-2，N80）；设置麦后休闲不种绿肥处理（CK）作为对照，共设7个处理。【结果】与麦后休闲处理（CK）相比，不同施氮水平下绿肥还田（GMR与GMRS）使得小麦增产6.2%—23.5%。麦后复种绿肥小麦生产的碳、氮足迹分别为0.23—0.52 kg CO₂eq·kg^-1、4.53—7.89 g N·kg^-1。相较于CK，绿肥还田处理碳、氮足迹分别降低了13.0%—54.6%、27.3%—47.6%。麦后休闲处理（CK）因温室气体（GHG）排放和活性氮（Nr）损失造成的环境损害成本最大，为5 053元。在不同施氮水平下（N100、N90、N80）GMRS处理损害成本较GMR处理分别增加了5.0%、7.7%、10.6%。从损害成本构成看，人体健康损害成本占比最大，为47.1%—52.1%。GMR相较GMRS处理显著提升了生态系统净经济效益，分别增加6 742、5 301和8 567元，对应增幅为24.2%、20.9%和35.9%，体现了其更优的经济-生态双重效益。【结论】实施“绿肥还田+减氮”的田间管理措施，不仅可以保障小麦产量，控制温室气体与活性氮损失，还可以显著增加经济收益，也为生态脆弱区实现可持续增效农业提供了实践路径。

关键词: 盐碱地, 麦后复种绿肥, 氮肥减施, 小麦产量, 碳、氮足迹, 环境经济效益, 根茬还田

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the impacts of post-wheat green manure rotation combined with nitrogen reduction on wheat yield, carbon and nitrogen footprints, and environmental-economic benefits in saline-alkali lands. It sought to drive the transition of agriculture in ecologically fragile regions from a "yield-oriented" model toward the coordinated achievement of three-dimensional goals-"resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and rational economic benefits", so as to provide a scientific basis and practical pathway for regional agricultural green transformation and efficient utilization of saline-alkali soils. 【Method】 A split-plot field experiment was conducted at the Yuanziqiao Experimental base of Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia. Main plots included green manure incorporation methods: green manure root stubble retention only (GMR) and full biomass incorporation (GMRS), while subplots comprised three nitrogen (N) application levels during the spring wheat season: conventional N (200 kg N·hm^-2, N100), 10% N reduction (180 kg N·hm^-2, N90), and 20% N reduction (160 kg N·hm^-2, N80), and a control with post-wheat fallow (CK) was established, totaling seven treatments. 【Result】 Compared with CK, green manure incorporation (GMR and GMRS) under reduced N regimes increased wheat yield by 6.2%-23.5%. The range of carbon and nitrogen footprints of wheat production under green manure rotation was 0.23-0.52 kg CO₂ eq·kg^-1 and 4.53-7.89 g N·kg^-1, respectively. Green manure treatments reduced carbon and nitrogen footprints by 13.0%-54.6% and 27.3%-47.6% relative to CK, respectively. The environmental damage cost under CK (caused by GHG emissions and reactive nitrogen losses) peaked at 5 053 CNY. Under N100, N90, and N80 regimes, GMRS increased damage costs by 5.0%, 7.7%, and 10.6% compared with GMR, respectively. Human health damage accounted for the largest proportion (47.1%-52.1%) of total costs. GMR significantly enhanced net ecosystem economic benefits by 6 742, 5 301, and 8 567 CNY (increases of 24.2%, 20.9%, and 35.9%) over GMRS, respectively, demonstrating superior economic-ecological synergies. 【Conclusion】 The post-wheat green manure system exhibited significant potential for environmentally friendly agriculture in saline-alkali ecosystems. Implementing “green manure incorporation + reduced N management,” particularly root stubble retention (GMR), ensures wheat yield, mitigated GHG and reactive nitrogen losses, increased economic returns, and provided a practical pathway toward sustainable intensification in ecologically vulnerable regions.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, wheat-green manure rotation, nitrogen reduction, wheat yield, carbon and nitrogen footprints, environmental-economic benefits, stubble retention

张梦璇, 常芳弟, 魏禾雅, 李晓红, 伍林美, 张宏媛. 盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境足迹及经济效益的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4216-4230.

ZHANG MengXuan, CHANG FangDi, WEI HeYa, LI XiaoHong, WU LinMei, ZHANG HongYuan. Synergistic Effects of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation and Nitrogen Reduction in Saline-Alkali Soil on Wheat Yield, Environmental Footprint, and Economic Benefit[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4216-4230.

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	CK	GMR			GMRS
	CK	N100	N90	N80	N100	N90	N80
SOC (g·kg^-1)	9.5±0.20e	10.6±0.15b	10.7±0.15b	11.2±0.20a	10.1±0.15cd	9.9±0.15d	10.2±0.55c

指标 Items	生态系统 Ecosystems	人体健康 Human health	气候变化 Climate change	参考文献 References
氨挥发 NH₃ volatilization (yuan/kg N)	13.2	24.3	/	[21-22]
氧化亚氮排放 N₂O emission (yuan/kg N)	/	2.1	81.6	[22]
硝态氮淋溶 Nitrate nitrogen leaching (yuan/kg N)	7.9	1.4	/	[19,21,23]
温室气体排放 GHG emission (yuan/ t CO₂ eq)	/	/	83.4	[20]

处理 Treatments	投入成本 Input costs (×10⁴yuan)						产值 Value (×10⁴yuan)		损害成本 Damage cost (×10⁴yuan)	NEEB (×10⁴yuan)
处理 Treatments	小麦种子 Wheat seed	绿肥种子 Green manure seed	氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer	磷肥Phosphate fertilizer	柴油 Diesel	人工 Labor	小麦 Wheat	绿肥 Green manure	损害成本 Damage cost (×10⁴yuan)	NEEB (×10⁴yuan)
CK	0.19	0.00	0.10	0.11	0.00	0.29	3.63±0.05B	0.00	0.51	2.43±0.06B
GMR+N100	0.19	0.15	0.13	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.48±0.09Aa	0.56	0.48	3.46±0.09Aa
GMR+N90	0.19	0.15	0.11	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.01±0.05Ab	0.56	0.42	3.07±0.05Ab
GMR+N80	0.19	0.15	0.09	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.12±0.15Ab	0.55	0.36	3.25±0.15Aab
GMRS+N100	0.19	0.15	0.13	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.38±0.11Aa	0.00	0.50	2.78±0.11Ba
GMRS+N90	0.19	0.15	0.11	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.07±0.05Ab	0.00	0.46	2.54±0.05Bb
GMRS+N80	0.19	0.15	0.09	0.16	0.02	0.44	3.85±0.05Ac	0.00	0.40	2.39±0.05Bb

研究区域 Study area	系统边界 System boundary	小麦碳足迹 Carbon footprint of wheat (kg CO₂ eq·kg^-1)	参考文献References
中国 China	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, including soil carbon sequestration	0.50	[39]
中国 China	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，不包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, excluding soil carbon sequestration	0.51	[42]
中国东部 Eastern China	小麦播种到收获运输阶段 From wheat sowing to harvesting and transportation	0.66	[43]
中国 China	小麦播种到收获运输阶段 From wheat sowing to harvesting and transportation	0.45	[38]
全球 Global	/	0.58	[44]
意大利 Italy	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获阶段，不包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting of wheat, excluding soil carbon sequestration	0.48	[45]
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, including soil carbon sequestration	0.85	[39]
河北 Hebei	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，不包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, excluding soil carbon sequestration	0.52	[46]

盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境足迹及经济效益的协同效应

Synergistic Effects of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation and Nitrogen Reduction in Saline-Alkali Soil on Wheat Yield, Environmental Footprint, and Economic Benefit

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