不同带状间作模式对棉花生长发育和生产力的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (22): 4444-4458.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同带状间作模式对棉花生长发育和生产力的影响

张永莉¹(), 张宁¹, 徐姣¹, 许豆豆¹, 成芳¹, 张成龙¹, 吴碧波², 巩养仓³, 贺云新³, 魏尚职⁴, 屠小菊¹, 刘爱玉¹, 周仲华¹()

¹ 湖南农业大学农学院，长沙 410128
² 湖南生物机电职业技术学院，长沙 410127
³ 湖南省棉花科学研究所，湖南常德 415101
⁴ 湖南临湘市黄盖镇农业综合服务中心，湖南岳阳 414300

收稿日期:2024-03-30 接受日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2024-11-16 发布日期:2024-11-22
通信作者:
周仲华，E-mail：zhouzhonghua1976@hotmail.com
联系方式: 张永莉，E-mail：1043455505@qq.com
基金资助:
湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发〔2022〕31号); 湖南省棉花科技创新项目(湘财建指〔2023〕98号); 湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指（2023）98号); 湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指（2024）162号)

Effects of Different Strip Intercropping Patterns on the Growth and Productivity in Cotton

ZHANG YongLi¹(), ZHANG Ning¹, XU Jiao¹, XU DouDou¹, CHENG Fang¹, ZHANG ChengLong¹, WU BiBo², GONG YangCang³, HE YunXin³, WEI ShangZhi⁴, TU XiaoJu¹, LIU AiYu¹, ZHOU ZhongHua¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
² Hunan Biological and Electromechnical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127
³ Hunan Institute of Cotton Science, Changde, 415101, Hunan
⁴ Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Huanggai Town, Linxiang City, Yueyang, 414300, Hunan

Received:2024-03-30 Accepted:2024-08-12 Published:2024-11-16 Online:2024-11-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析不同带状间作模式对棉花生物量积累与分配、光合性能及产量的影响，探究不同带状间作模式下棉花增产增效潜在机制，提出适宜长江流域的最优棉田带状间作种植模式。【方法】通过2点田间试验，以棉花单作（MC）为对照，设置棉花-甘薯（CS）、棉花-菜豆（CB）和棉花-甜瓜（CM）3种间作模式，2种带状配置分别为3﹕3和4﹕2，分析不同带状间作模式对棉株生物量积累、各器官分配、光合性能和产量的影响，并计算比较各带状间作模式下的棉花偏土地当量比和经济效益。【结果】2点田间试验带状间作模式下的平均籽棉产量和皮棉产量较MC均显著提高，其中，与棉花间作甘薯和棉花间作甜瓜相比，棉花间作菜豆产量优势最为显著，且2点田间试验CB 3﹕3模式籽棉产量较MC分别提高23.20%和32.46%，皮棉产量较MC分别提高26.43%和32.53%，其主要原因是单株成铃数分别为26.58和24.43个，较MC分别显著提高22.21%和28.85%。而衡阳棉花间作甘薯CS 4﹕2模式铃重较MC显著降低3.01%。盛铃期，带状间作模式下棉株生物量积累总量均大于MC，生殖器官分配比例较茎秆和叶片显著提高，且衡阳各间作模式下生殖器官占比均达50%以上。从盛蕾期到吐絮期，各种植模式叶面积指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势，与MC相比，盛铃期各间作模式下棉株相对叶绿素含量和净光合速率均显著提高，其中，2点田间试验棉花间作菜豆最具优势，净光合速率较MC分别提高6.25%—6.29%和2.85%—2.90%，能够有效改善棉株光合性能，最终实现增产。在不同带状间作模式下，2点田间试验棉田总经济效益较MC增幅分别为1.24—2.70倍和1.42—3.09倍。从棉花的偏土地当量比来看，除长沙CS 4﹕2模式外，2点田间试验其余带状间作模式均表现出间作产量优势。【结论】不同带状间作模式产量的提高主要是通过生物量积累、同化物分配和光合性能的改善来实现的。表现最佳的是棉花间作甘薯CS 3﹕3模式，能够确保较高产量和间作优势，适宜在长江流域推广种植。

关键词: 棉花, 带状间作模式, 产量, 生物量积累与分配, 光合性能, 经济效益

Abstract:

【Objective】By analyzing the effects of different strip intercropping patterns on cotton biomass accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic performance and yield, the potential mechanism of cotton yield increase and efficiency under different strip intercropping patterns was explored, so the optimum cotton strip intercropping planting pattern suitable for the Yangtze River basin was proposed. 【Method】A two-point field experiment was conducted with monocropping cotton (MC) as the control, and three intercropping patterns of cotton-sweet potato (CS), cotton-bean (CB) and cotton-melon (CM) were set up, while two strip configurations were as follows: 3:3 and 4:2. The effects of different strip intercropping patterns on biomass accumulation, organ distribution, light and performance and yield of cotton were analyzed, and the ratio of cotton to soil equivalent and economic benefit under different strip intercropping patterns were calculated and compared. 【Result】Compared with MC, The average seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield under strip intercropping patterns in two field trials were significantly increased. Among them, compared with cotton intercropping with sweet potato and cotton intercropping with melon, the cotton intercropping with bean had the most significant advantage in cotton yield. and the yield of CB 3:3 pattern seed cotton was 23.20% and 32.46% higher than MC, respectively; compared with MC, the yield of lint was increased by 26.43% and 32.53%, respectively; the main reason was that the number of bolls per plant was 26.58 and 24.43, respectively, which were significantly increased by 22.21% and 28.85% compared with that of single cropping. The boll weight of cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 4:2 in Hengyang was 3.01% lower than MC. At full boll period, the biomass accumulation of cotton plant was higher than MC, and the proportion of reproductive organs allocation was significantly higher than that of stem and leaf, the proportion of reproductive organs in each intercropping pattern in Hengyang was more than 50%. From full squaring period to boll opening period, the leaf area index of all treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Compared with MC, the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton plants were significantly increased under each intercropping pattern at full boll period. Among them, the cotton intercropping with beans at two field trials was the most advantageous. The net photosynthetic rate was 6.25%-6.29% and 2.85%-2.90% higher than MC, respectively, so it could effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of cotton plant and finally achieve yield increase. Under different strip intercropping patterns, the total economic benefit of cotton field in the two field trials increased by 1.24-2.70 times and 1.42-3.09 times, respectively, compared with MC. From the point of view of partial land equivalent ratio of cotton, except CS 4:2 pattern in Changsha, the other strip intercropping pattern in two field trials showed the advantage of intercropping yield. 【Conclusion】The increase of yield in different strip intercropping patterns was mainly achieved through the improvement of biomass accumulation, assimilate allocation and photosynthetic performance. The best performance was cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 3:3 pattern, which ensured higher yield and intercropping advantages, and was suitable for spreading planting in the Yangtze River basin.

Key words: cotton, strip intercropping pattern, yield, biomass accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic performance, economic benefit

张永莉, 张宁, 徐姣, 许豆豆, 成芳, 张成龙, 吴碧波, 巩养仓, 贺云新, 魏尚职, 屠小菊, 刘爱玉, 周仲华. 不同带状间作模式对棉花生长发育和生产力的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(22): 4444-4458.

ZHANG YongLi, ZHANG Ning, XU Jiao, XU DouDou, CHENG Fang, ZHANG ChengLong, WU BiBo, GONG YangCang, HE YunXin, WEI ShangZhi, TU XiaoJu, LIU AiYu, ZHOU ZhongHua. Effects of Different Strip Intercropping Patterns on the Growth and Productivity in Cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(22): 4444-4458.

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地点 Position	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
长沙 Changsha	2.04	0.66	21.68	32.84
衡阳 Hengyang	1.86	0.64	21.87	31.66

地点 Position	带状间作模式 Strip intercropping pattern	单株成铃数 Boll number per plant	铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield （kg·hm^-2）	皮棉产量 Lint yield （kg·hm^-2）
长沙 Changsha	CS 3﹕3	24.55ab	5.22ab	35.36a	6312.55ab	2231.94ab
	CS 4﹕2	20.20c	5.42a	34.60a	5381.70c	1862.09c
	CB 3﹕3	26.58a	5.18ab	35.63a	6818.79a	2427.73a
	CB 4﹕2	24.33ab	5.14ab	34.75a	6148.69abc	2134.48abc
	CM 3﹕3	22.95bc	5.00b	34.21a	5678.12bc	1943.00bc
	CM 4﹕2	22.73bc	5.00b	35.78a	5625.37bc	2007.60bc
	MC	21.75bc	5.14ab	34.56a	5542.68bc	1920.26bc
衡阳 Hengyang	CS 3﹕3	21.88abc	5.14ab	34.92a	5567.99abc	1944.08abc
	CS 4﹕2	19.73c	4.99b	36.13a	4875.20c	1766.12bc
	CB 3﹕3	24.43a	5.28a	35.18a	6391.82a	2248.60a
	CB 4﹕2	22.89ab	5.22ab	35.20a	5925.00ab	2085.18ab
	CM 3﹕3	20.91bc	5.23ab	34.52a	5422.06bc	1871.35bc
	CM 4﹕2	21.13bc	5.33a	34.54a	5594.30abc	1933.66abc
	MC	18.96c	5.14ab	35.16a	4825.45c	1696.67c

地点 Position	带状间作模式 Strip intercropping pattern	盛蕾期 Full squaring period	盛花期 Full flowering period	盛铃期 Full boll-setting period	吐絮期 Boll opening period
长沙 Changsha	CS 3﹕3	1.68ab	4.68a	5.28ab	4.31ab
	CS 4﹕2	1.60ab	4.55ab	4.97b	4.22ab
	CB 3﹕3	1.69ab	4.16b	5.32ab	4.37ab
	CB 4﹕2	1.36b	4.27ab	5.60a	4.65a
	CM 3﹕3	2.06a	4.57a	5.24ab	3.91b
	CM 4﹕2	1.86ab	4.38ab	5.09ab	4.44ab
	MC	1.36b	4.33ab	4.35c	4.61a
衡阳 Hengyang	CS 3﹕3	1.46a	2.80b	4.04ab	3.38ab
	CS 4﹕2	1.76a	3.35ab	3.95ab	3.62a
	CB 3﹕3	1.69a	3.53a	4.14ab	3.70a
	CB 4﹕2	1.67a	3.03ab	4.17a	3.39ab
	CM 3﹕3	1.49a	3.01ab	3.68ab	3.06b
	CM 4﹕2	1.70a	3.27ab	4.06ab	3.55ab
	MC	1.64a	3.48a	3.64b	3.82a

地点 Position	带状间作模式 Strip intercropping pattern	配对作物产量 Paired crop yield (kg·hm^-2)	总经济效益(元/hm²) Total economic (yuan·hm^-2)	棉花的偏土地当量比 PLER—C	PLER—C比F_C的增幅（%）
长沙 Changsha	CS 3﹕3	34650	163853	0.58	16.00%
	CS 4﹕2	32614	159162	0.65	-2.99%
	CB 3﹕3	12027	99439	0.66	32.00%
	CB 4﹕2	11362	100967	0.74	10.45%
	CM 3﹕3	25500	124712	0.56	12.00%
	CM 4﹕2	24900	129601	0.68	1.49%
	MC	—	44341	—	—
衡阳 Hengyang	CS 3﹕3	33868	157747	0.57	14.00%
	CS 4﹕2	32198	154794	0.68	1.49%
	CB 3﹕3	11744	96033	0.62	24.00%
	CB 4﹕2	10292	93356	0.82	22.39%
	CM 3﹕3	24876	121193	0.51	2.00%
	CM 4﹕2	22105	118258	0.78	16.42%
	MC	—	38603	—	—

不同带状间作模式对棉花生长发育和生产力的影响

Effects of Different Strip Intercropping Patterns on the Growth and Productivity in Cotton

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