种植方式结合测墒补灌下冬小麦产量及水分利用效率

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】提高水分利用效率有利于小麦的可持续生产。垄沟种植和测墒补灌技术均可以显著提高作物水分利用效率。但二者结合能否起到良好的节水效果，从而提升小麦水分利用效率，目前尚不明确。【目的】探索垄沟种植结合测墒补灌对小麦群体、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【方法】进行了为期两年的田间试验，冬小麦品种选用西农20，采用沟播（P1）、垄播（P2）和平作（P3）3种种植方式，结合0—40 cm土层补灌至田间持水量（S40）、0—60 cm土层补灌至田间持水量（S60）和传统漫灌作为对照（SCK）3种灌溉处理。通过测定土壤含水量、冬小麦茎蘖动态、干物质积累量、产量及其构成因素，并计算农田耗水总量、降水利用效率、灌溉水利用效率和总耗水利用效率、边行指数及经济效益来探究种植方式和测墒补灌技术对冬小麦生长发育、产量、水分利用效率和经济效益的影响。【结果】沟播种植方式配合60 cm土层测墒补灌（P1S60）处理的土壤含水量、小麦茎蘖数及干物质积累量与平作传统漫灌处理（P3SCK）无显著差异，并且沟播种植方式利用边际效应提高边行冬小麦的穗数和穗粒数，保证小麦产量不降低的同时，结合0—60 cm土层测墒补灌可以节约灌溉水34.5%，降低农田耗水总量10.8%，使灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）和水分利用效率（WUE）分别提高79.5%和14.7%（两年平均值）。与平作传统漫灌（P3SCK）处理相比，沟播配合0—60 cm土层测墒补灌（P1S60）处理总收入提高3.2%，具有较高的经济潜力。【结论】在综合考虑水资源利用效率、作物产量和收益潜力的情况下，采用沟播种植、0—60 cm土层补水至田间持水量为关中灌区较好的种植模式。

关键词: 冬小麦, 垄沟种植, 测墒, 补灌, 经济效益, 水分利用效率, 边行效应

Abstract:

【Background】Improving water use efficiency is beneficial for the sustainable production of wheat. Both ridge and furrow planting and soil moisture-based supplemental irrigation techniques can significantly enhance crop water use efficiency. However, whether the combination of these two approaches can achieve effective water-saving outcomes and further improve the water use efficiency of wheat remains unclear. 【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effects of ridge-furrow planting combined with soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation on the population, yield and water use efficiency of wheat. 【Method】In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted. The winter wheat variety Xinong 20 was selected, and three planting methods of furrow sowing (P1), ridge sowing (P2) and flat planting (P3) were used. Three irrigation treatments were set up, including supplementary irrigation of soil moisture content in the 0-40 cm soil layer to field water holding capacity (S40), supplementary irrigation of soil moisture content in the 0-60 cm soil layer to field water holding capacity (S60), and traditional flood irrigation as the control irrigation (SCK). By measuring the soil moisture content, the dynamics of tillers of winter wheat, dry matter accumulation, yield and its constituent factors, and calculating the total water consumption of farmland, precipitation use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, total water consumption use efficiency, border row index and economic benefits, the effects of ridge-furrow planting and soil moisture measurement-based supplementary irrigation techniques on the growth and development, yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits of winter wheat were explored. 【Result】The furrow sowing combined with soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation at 60 cm depth (P1S60) maintained similar soil water content, tillers number, and dry matter accumulation as the flat planting with traditional flood irrigation (P3SCK). By leveraging the marginal effect, furrow sowing increased spike number and grains per spike of border-row winter wheat. For ensuring stable wheat yield, P1S60 saved 34.5% of irrigation water and reduced total farmland water consumption by 10.8%. It also boosted irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 79.5% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 14.7% (two-year average). Compared with P3SCK, P1S60 raised total income by 3.2%, indicating high economic viability. 【Conclusion】Considering the utilization efficiency of water resources, yield and income potential, P1S60 was a planting method with high potential in Guanzhong irrigation area.

Key words: winter wheat, soil moisture measurement, supplementary irrigation, furrow planting, economic benefit, water use efficiency, border effect

咸青林, 肖鉴珂, 高阿庆, 郜利闯, 刘杨. 种植方式结合测墒补灌下冬小麦产量及水分利用效率[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(3): 589-601.

XIAN QingLin, XIAO JianKe, GAO AQing, GAO LiChuang, LIU Yang. Effects of Planting Patterns Combined with Soil Moisture Measurement and Supplementary Irrigation on the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 589-601.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.009

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2026/V59/I3/589

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	土壤含水量Water content (%)		土壤容重Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)		田间持水量Field capacity (%)
土层 Soil layer (cm)	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
0-10	20.45	20.87	1.55	1.67	22.53	23.06
10-20	19.97	20.69	1.75	1.79	22.53	20.47
20-40	19.48	19.97	1.73	1.77	22.42	21.29
40-60	19.70	20.23	1.68	1.69	22.68	23.48
60-80	20.18	21.50	1.73	1.71	25.60	24.50
80-100	20.88	22.40	1.73	1.68	25.60	24.46

种植方式 Planting pattern	测墒补灌 Supplemental irrigation	2020-2021				2021-2022
种植方式 Planting pattern	测墒补灌 Supplemental irrigation	灌水量 Irrigation (mm)	土壤贮水 Soil water (mm)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	总量 Total amount (mm)	灌水量 Irrigation (mm)	土壤贮水 Soil water (mm)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	总量 Total amount (mm)
沟播 Furrow sowing (P1)	S40	35.27de	128.90bc	185.20	349.37d	61.72d	130.08b	105.00	296.80de
	S60	45.42c	116.55c	185.20	347.17d	85.50b	105.89e	105.00	296.39de
	SCK	100.00a	116.83c	185.20	402.03b	100.00a	120.89c	105.00	325.89b
垄播 Ridge sowing (P2)	S40	30.17e	148.71a	185.20	364.08cd	48.32e	142.42a	105.00	295.74de
	S60	39.66d	144.63ab	185.20	369.49c	70.42c	129.83b	105.00	305.25c
	SCK	100.00a	146.45a	185.20	431.65a	100.00a	134.22b	105.00	339.22a
平作 Flat planting (P3)	S40	39.51cd	126.90c	185.20	351.61d	62.37d	121.55c	105.00	288.91e
	S60	53.88b	113.26c	185.20	352.34cd	89.67b	105.33e	105.00	300.00cd
	SCK	100.00a	117.59c	185.20	402.79b	100.00a	113.71d	105.00	318.71b
F值 F value	P	**	**		**	**	**		**
F值 F value	S	**	ns		**	**	**		**
	P×S	ns	ns		ns	**	ns		**

种植方式 Planting pattern	测墒补灌 Supplemental irrigation	茎蘖数 Tillers number (×10⁴ plant/hm²)
种植方式 Planting pattern	测墒补灌 Supplemental irrigation	越冬期 Wintering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
沟播 Furrow sowing (P1)	S40	591.11a	1280.01ab	740.00c	486.67a
	S60		1360.01a	773.34bc	502.34a
	SCK		1231.12ab	766.67bc	448.00a
垄播 Ridge sowing (P2)	S40	493.33b	817.78e	560.00e	346.45b
	S60		1026.67d	653.34d	334.34b
	SCK		1044.45cd	620.00de	326.33b
平作 Flat planting (P3)	S40	444.44b	1208.89b	846.67ab	449.34a
	S60		1186.67b	893.34a	466.67a
	SCK		1177.78bc	793.34bc	502.00a
F值 F value	P	**	**	**	**
F值 F value	S	-	ns	ns	ns
	P×S	-	*	ns	ns

种植方式 Planting pattern	测墒补灌 Supplemental irrigation	年份 Year
		2020-2021				2021-2022
		穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
沟播 Furrow sowing (P1)	S40	486.67a	45.02abc	48.29b	7.61cd	462.70b	36.55ab	52.49ab	7.27b
	S60	502.34a	52.75a	48.72b	8.83a	477.40ab	36.90ab	50.12bc	7.49ab
	SCK	448.00a	46.07abc	48.47b	8.33ab	473.40ab	39.05ab	50.06c	7.42ab
垄播 Ridge sowing (P2)	S40	346.45b	46.24abc	49.25ab	7.24d	332.95d	34.58b	53.15a	6.18c
	S60	334.34b	49.74ab	49.98a	8.05bc	384.00c	38.90ab	52.35abc	6.56c
	SCK	326.33b	49.50ab	48.62b	7.96bc	376.90c	38.36ab	52.95a	6.51c
平作 Flat planting (P3)	S40	449.34a	45.43abc	48.46b	7.75bcd	477.35ab	38.97ab	53.28a	7.50ab
	S60	466.67a	43.03bc	48.63b	8.76a	485.35ab	41.17a	52.81a	7.96a
	SCK	502.00a	40.30c	48.25b	8.27abc	497.30a	38.30ab	52.45abc	7.54ab
F值 F value	P	**	*	*	**	**	ns	*	**
	S	ns	ns	ns	*	**	ns	ns	**
	P×S	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植方式 Planting pattern	测墒补灌 Supplemental irrigation	年份 Year
		2020-2021			2021-2022
		PWUE	IWUE	WUE	PWUE	IWUE	WUE
沟播 Furrow sowing (P1)	S40	41.07cd	216.49b	21.78bc	69.23b	118.04a	24.49abc
	S60	47.66a	196.25b	25.44a	71.33ab	87.60bc	25.28ab
	SCK	44.96ab	83.26d	20.70bc	70.7ab	74.24d	22.78cd
垄播 Ridge sowing (P2)	S40	39.11d	240.86a	19.89cd	58.85c	128.24a	20.90de
	S60	43.47bc	203.65b	21.79bc	62.51c	93.19b	21.51d
	SCK	43.00bc	79.64d	18.47d	62.05c	65.15d	19.21e
平作 Flat planting (P3)	S40	41.83bcd	197.82b	22.05b	71.41ab	121.00a	25.97a
	S60	47.33a	164.76c	24.92a	75.77a	88.87b	26.53a
	SCK	44.66abc	82.71d	20.55bc	71.85ab	75.44cd	23.68bc
F值 F value	P	**	**	**	**	ns	**
	S	**	**	**	ns	**	**
	P×S	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns