不同氮素管理模式对黄土旱塬春玉米产量及N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (18): 3642-3653.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

不同氮素管理模式对黄土旱塬春玉米产量及N₂O排放的影响

鲁科丹¹^,²^,³(), 路远⁴, 王蕊¹^,⁵, 党廷辉¹^,⁵()

¹ 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心，陕西杨凌 712100
² 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
⁴ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100
⁵ 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2023-10-09 接受日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2024-09-16 发布日期:2024-09-29
通信作者:
党廷辉，E-mail：dangth@ms.iswc.ac.cn
联系方式: 鲁科丹，Tel：17855808062；E-mail：lukedan21@mails.ucas.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830751)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emission of Spring Maize in Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau

LU KeDan¹^,²^,³(), LU Yuan⁴, WANG Rui¹^,⁵, DANG TingHui¹^,⁵()

¹ The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
⁴ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
⁵ Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2023-10-09 Accepted:2023-12-18 Published:2024-09-16 Online:2024-09-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨不同氮素管理模式对玉米产量、N₂O排放的影响，为黄土旱塬区合理施用氮肥和减缓温室气体排放提供理论依据。【方法】依托中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站，以春玉米先玉335为研究对象，开展为期2年的田间定位试验。试验共设置5种不同氮素管理模式：不施氮（no fertilizer）、传统施氮（Con，250 kg N·hm^-2）、减量施氮（Opt，200 kg N·hm^-2）、减量施氮+缓控释肥（Opt+SR，200 kg N·hm^-2）、减量施氮+硝化抑制剂（Opt+DCD，200 kg N·hm^-2）。用静态箱-气相色谱法监测N₂O排放通量，并计算全球增温潜势和N₂O气体排放强度，分析不同氮素管理模式对春玉米产量和N₂O排放的影响。【结果】（1）氮肥施用后N₂O排放迅速升高，在施肥后2 d左右达到峰值，维持10 d后快速下降。减量施氮模式显著降低N₂O排放量（P<0.05）。与Con处理相比，Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理N₂O排放量降低幅度分别为21.4%、27.6%和26.0%。Con、Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理的N₂O增温潜势依次为425.01、334.01、307.83、314.57 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2。与Con处理相比，Opt+DCD显著降低了N₂O排放强度，降幅为30.1%（P<0.05）。（2）N₂O排放量与表层土壤NH₄⁺-N含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），而与土壤水分、温度无明显相关性。（3）与Con处理相比，Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理能显著提高氮肥农学效率（增幅依次为25.5%、25.7%、22.2%）及氮肥偏生产力（增幅依次为29.9%、28.7%、25.4%）（P<0.05），但对春玉米的产量无显著影响。【结论】在黄土旱塬地区，适当减量施氮、缓控释肥及添加硝化抑制剂均能取得N₂O减排和玉米增产的效果，其中减氮20%并添加硝化抑制剂在保证玉米产量的同时，N₂O减排效果最好。

关键词: 减量施氮, 缓控释肥, 硝化抑制剂, 春玉米, 产量, N₂O排放, 黄土旱塬

Abstract:

【Objective】 Investigating the impacts of different N application regimes on crop (spring maize) yield and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission provided the basis for reasonable N (Nitrogen) application and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission mitigation in dryland farming of the Loess Plateau. 【Method】 In this study, the impacts of five N application regimes on spring maize (Xianyu 335) yield and N₂O emission were investigated in a short-term (2 years) experiment in Changwu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, and the treatments included: no fertilizer; conventional N fertilization (Con, 250 kg N•hm^-2); optimized N fertilization (Opt, 200 kg N•hm^-2); optimized N fertilization with slow-release fertilizer (Opt+SR, 200 kg N•hm^-2); optimized N fertilization with dicyandiamide (Opt+DCD, 200 kg N•hm^-2). The N₂O emission fluxes were monitored using sealed static chambers, and the gas chromatograph and the global warming potential (GWP) was calculated. 【Result】 (1) N₂O emissions increased rapidly after N application, reaching a peak on the second day, and rapidly decreased after 10 days of maintenance. Optimized N fertilization significantly decreased N₂O emissions (P<0.05). Compared with Con, the reductions in N₂O emissions under Opt, Opt+DCD, and Opt+SR were 21.4%, 27.6%, and 26.0%, respectively. The GWP of N₂O emissions under Con, Opt, Opt+DCD, and Opt+SR were 425.01, 334.01, 307.83, and 314.57 kgCO₂-eq•hm^-2, respectively. Opt+DCD significantly reduced N₂O emission intensity by 27.8% than that under Con (P<0.05). (2) N₂O emissions were highly correlated with surface soil NH₄⁺-N content (P<0.01), but showed no significant correlation with soil moisture and temperature. (3) Compared with Con, Opt, Opt+DCD, and Opt+SR significantly improved N fertilizer agronomic efficiency (with increases of 25.5%, 25.7%, and 22.2%, respectively) and nitrogen fertilizer partial factor productivity (with increases of 29.9%, 28.7%, and 25.4%, respectively) (P<0.05), whereas they had no significant impact on spring maize yield. 【Conclusion】 In dryland farming of the Loess Plateau, reducing N fertilizer application, applying slow-release fertilizer, and adding nitrification inhibitors properly could promote N₂O emission reduction and increase spring maize yield. Notably, reducing N fertilizer application by 20% and adding nitrification inhibitors not only ensured spring maize yield but also had the best effect on N₂O emission reduction.

Key words: reduced nitrogen application, low-release fertilizer, dicyandiamide, spring maize, yield, nitrous oxide emission, dryland farming of the Loess Plateau

鲁科丹, 路远, 王蕊, 党廷辉. 不同氮素管理模式对黄土旱塬春玉米产量及N₂O排放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18): 3642-3653.

LU KeDan, LU Yuan, WANG Rui, DANG TingHui. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emission of Spring Maize in Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3642-3653.

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处理 Treatment	累积排放量 Accumulated emission (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission factor (%)	增温潜势 Global warming potential (kg CO₂-eq•hm^-2)	排放强度 Greenhouse gas intensity (kg CO₂-eq•kg^-1)
No fertilizer	0.77c	-	229.35c	0.032a
Con	1.43a	0.26a	426.14a	0.018b
Opt	1.12bc	0.18b	333.76bc	0.014c
Opt+DCD	1.03b	0.13b	306.94b	0.013c
Opt+SR	1.06bc	0.11b	315.88bc	0.014c

项目 Item	处理 Treatment
项目 Item	No fertilizer	Con	Opt	Opt+DCD	Opt+SR
WFPS	-0.065	-0.134	-0.05	-0.189	-0.063
箱温 Box temperature	-0.086	-0.163	-0.303	-0.555**	-0.435*
10 cm地温 10 cm underground temperature	-0.099	-0.042	-0.405*	-0.520**	-0.469*
NO₃^--N	0.027	-0.211	0.097	-0.338	-0.197
NH₄⁺-N	0.200	0.465**	0.606**	0.738**	0.621**

处理 Treatment	2019			2020
处理 Treatment	产量Yield (t•hm^-2)	NAE (kg•kg^-1)	NPFP (kg•kg^-1)	产量Yield (t•hm^-2)	NAE (kg•kg^-1)	NPFP (kg•kg^-1)
No fertilizer	3.20±1.99a			3.86±1.57a
Con	12.43±0.53b	36.95a	49.74a	10.57±0.59b	26.85a	42.29a
Opt	12.50±0.43b	46.52b	62.51b	11.35±1.19b	37.43a	56.74b
Opt +DCD	13.87±0.41b	53.36c	69.35c	9.98±1.25b	30.61a	49.91ab
Opt +SR	13.21±0.33b	50.05bc	66.04bc	9.99±2.96b	30.63a	49.94ab

不同氮素管理模式对黄土旱塬春玉米产量及N₂O排放的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emission of Spring Maize in Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau

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