旱地高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量与产量形成及氮磷钾吸收分配的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (24): 4880-4894.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.007

• 土壤肥料・节水灌溉・农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

旱地高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量与产量形成及氮磷钾吸收分配的关系

徐隽峰¹(), 张学美¹, 杨珺¹, 郭子糠¹, 黄翠¹, 丁玉兰¹, 黄宁¹, 孙蕊卿¹, 田汇¹, 王朝辉¹^,²(), 石美¹^,²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
² 西北农林科技大学/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2022-12-20 接受日期:2023-02-27 出版日期:2023-12-21 发布日期:2023-12-21
通信作者:
王朝辉， E-mail：w-zhaohui@263.net。
石美，E-mail：meishi@nwafu.edu.cn
联系方式: 徐隽峰，E-mail：1810851682@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900702)

Relationship Between Grain Nitrogen Content and Yield Formation, Uptake and Partitioning of NPK of High-Yielding Wheat Cultivars in Drylands

XU JunFeng¹(), ZHANG XueMei¹, YANG Jun¹, GUO ZiKang¹, HUANG Cui¹, DING YuLan¹, HUANG Ning¹, SUN RuiQing¹, TIAN Hui¹, WANG ZhaoHui¹^,²(), SHI Mei¹^,²()

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2022-12-20 Accepted:2023-02-27 Published:2023-12-21 Online:2023-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确高产小麦品种间籽粒氮含量差异及其与产量形成和氮磷钾养分吸收、转移及分配的关系，为旱地高产高氮含量的优质小麦品种选育和小麦丰产优质绿色生产的养分管理提供依据。【方法】于2017—2022年，以14个产量相近、籽粒氮含量差异显著的高产小麦品种为供试材料，在陕西黄土高原旱地连续5年开展田间试验，研究小麦籽粒氮含量差异及其与产量、产量三要素和各器官氮磷钾养分含量的关系，并分析高产高籽粒氮含量小麦品种的生物量累积、产量构成和氮磷钾吸收、转移及分配对施肥的响应。【结果】小麦品种的籽粒氮含量与千粒重显著正相关，籽粒千粒重每增加1.0 g，籽粒氮含量增加0.3 g·kg^-1。高产小麦品种间籽粒氮含量差异显著，高氮品种籽粒含氮量平均为24.9 g·kg^-1，比低氮品种（21.5 g·kg^-1）高16%。高产高氮品种产量、生物量和穗数在施氮和施磷后增加幅度均高于低氮品种。高产高氮小麦品种籽粒含磷量和茎叶含钾量在不同施肥条件下均高于低氮品种，籽粒和地上部氮磷钾吸收量在施氮和施磷后增幅均高于低氮品种。高产高氮品种颖壳向籽粒转移氮的能力高于低氮品种，茎叶向籽粒和颖壳转移钾的能力却低于低氮品种，施氮后茎叶向籽粒和颖壳转移钾的能力大幅下降。施氮、磷和钾均有利于提高高产高氮小麦品种地上部向茎叶的钾素分配。【结论】高产小麦品种间籽粒氮含量存在显著差异，其中高籽粒氮含量品种的千粒重、籽粒含磷量和茎叶含钾量较高，茎叶向籽粒和颖壳转移钾的能力低，籽粒和地上部氮磷钾吸收量对施氮和施磷响应更敏感。因此，在高产的基础上，选育高籽粒氮含量的优质小麦品种，应关注高千粒重、磷向籽粒和钾素向茎叶转移分配能力强的材料，在生产中应注意磷钾与氮的协同供应，以提高小麦籽粒氮含量。

关键词: 旱地, 高产小麦品种, 籽粒氮含量, 养分吸收, 养分转移, 养分分配, 小麦产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to understand the variations of grain nitrogen (N) content and its relationships with yield formation as well as uptake, transfer and partitioning of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) within high-yielding wheat cultivars, which was of great significance for screening and breeding superior wheat cultivars with high yield and grain N content, and for nutrient management in green production of wheat with high yield and high quality in drylands.【Method】Field experiments were carried out, and 14 high-yielding wheat cultivars of similar yields and different grain N content were cultivated on the typical dryland area of the Loess Plateau from 2017 to 2022. Differences in grain N contents of high-yielding wheat cultivars and its relation to yields, yield components as well as N, P and K content in different organs were analyzed. Meanwhile, biomass accumulation and yield formation as well as uptake, transfer and partitioning of NPK in response to fertilization were investigated.【Result】Significant positive correlation was found between the grain N content and 1000-grain weight of wheat cultivars, and for each 1.0 g increase of the 1000-grain weight, the grain N content increased by 0.3 g·kg^-1. The grain N content showed significant differences in the tested wheat cultivars, with the mean of high-N group being 24.9 g·kg^-1, and 16% higher than that of the low-N group (21.5 g·kg^-1), respectively, while the average yields were not significantly different from each other of the two groups. The yield, biomass and spike number of high-N group exhibited higher response to N and P fertilizer application. The grain P content and straw K content of the high-N group were higher than the low-N group under different fertilization conditions, and the increases of N, P and K uptake in grain and shoot were larger than that of low-N group after N and P application. The abilities of N transfer from glumes to grains in the high-N group was greater than that in the low-N group, but the capacities of K transfer from straws to grains and glumes was lower than that in low-N cultivars. The abilities of K transfer from straws to other organs decreased significantly after N application. Application of N, P and K was conducive to increase the partitioning of K from shoots to straws of the high-N group.【Conclusion】The high-yielding wheat cultivars exhibited significant differences in the grain N content. The 1000-grain weight and grain P content of high-N cultivars were higher, its straw K content was also higher, but its capacities of K transfer from straws to grains and glumes was lower. The N, P and K uptake of the high-N group in grains and shoots increased extremely after N and P application. Therefore, to screen and breed superior wheat cultivars with high grain N content on the basis of high yield, the attention should be paid to select the cultivars with high grain 1000-grain weight as well as the strong transferring and partitioning abilities of P to grains and K to straws. The efforts should be also made to cooperate the supply of P, K and N in wheat production, with the purpose to increase the grain N content.

Key words: dryland, high-yielding wheat cultivars, grain N content, nutrient uptake, nutrient transfer, nutrient partitioning, wheat yield

徐隽峰, 张学美, 杨珺, 郭子糠, 黄翠, 丁玉兰, 黄宁, 孙蕊卿, 田汇, 王朝辉, 石美. 旱地高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量与产量形成及氮磷钾吸收分配的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(24): 4880-4894.

XU JunFeng, ZHANG XueMei, YANG Jun, GUO ZiKang, HUANG Cui, DING YuLan, HUANG Ning, SUN RuiQing, TIAN Hui, WANG ZhaoHui, SHI Mei. Relationship Between Grain Nitrogen Content and Yield Formation, Uptake and Partitioning of NPK of High-Yielding Wheat Cultivars in Drylands[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4880-4894.

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年份 Year	pH	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH⁴⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2017	8.1	0.8	14.1	6.4	0.2	3.3	167.5
2020	8.6	0.7	15.6	4.0	0.1	2.0	142.0

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2 )		地上部生物量 Shoot biomass (kg·hm^-2 )		茎叶生物量 Straw biomass (kg·hm^-2 )		颖壳生物量 Glume biomass (kg·hm^-2 )		穗数 Spike number (×10⁴)		穗粒数（粒） Grain per spike		千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
处理 Treatment	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N
NPK	5109	5209	11058	11119	4523	4584	1490	1327	300	311	35	35	49.7 #	48.1
-N	3380 *	3766 *	7520 *	8079 *	3196 *	3349 *	1053 *	965 *	221 *	248 *	32	32	48.8	47.8
-P	3236 *	3451 *	6576 * #	7394 *	2549 * #	3035 *	876 *	943 *	198 *	207 *	33	37	47.7 * #	45.4 *
-K	5073	5326	10883	11169	4539	4607	1424	1321	312	317	34 #	36	49.2 #	47.3

处理 Treatment	含氮量 N content (g·kg^-1 )						吸氮量 N uptake (kg·hm^-2)
	籽粒 Grain		茎叶 Straw		颖壳 Glume		籽粒 Grain		茎叶 Straw		颖壳 Glume		地上部 Shoot
	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N
NPK	23.3 ^#	21.4	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4	118.4	111.3	15.1	15.2	4.8	4.5	138.3	131
-N	18.8 * ^#	16.8 *	2.1 *	2.0 *	3.0	3.2	62.6 *	62.1 *	6.9 *	6.9 *	3.2 *	3.1 *	72.7 *	72.1 *
-P	27.1 * ^#	24.0 *	3.6	3.6	3.7 *	4.0 *	85.5 *	81.2 *	9.0 * ^#	10.7 *	3.1 *^#	3.8	97.6 *	95.8 *
-K	23.6 ^#	20.4	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2	119.1	109.2	15.0	14.4	4.5	4.3	138.6	127.8

处理 Treatment	含磷量 P content (g·kg^-1 )						吸磷量 P uptake (kg·hm^-2)
	籽粒 Grain		茎叶 Straw		颖壳 Glume		籽粒 Grain		茎叶 Straw		颖壳 Glume		地上部 Shoot
	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N
NPK	2.7 ^#	2.4	0.16	0.15	0.25	0.25	13.9	12.8	0.73	0.68	0.38	0.32	15.0	13.8
-N	3.3 * ^#	3.1 *	0.15	0.15	0.35 *	0.37 *	10.9 *	11.5 *	0.5 *	0.49 *	0.37	0.36	11.8 *	12.4 *
-P	2.5 * ^#	2.3 *	0.12 *	0.11 *	0.23	0.22	8.1 *	7.8 *	0.33 *	0.4 *	0.24 *	0.19 *	8.7 *	8.4 *
-K	2.6 ^#	2.5	0.14	0.14	0.21	0.21	13.3	13.3	0.64	0.64	0.30	0.29	14.3	14.2

处理 Treatment	含钾量 K content (g·kg^-1)
	籽粒 Grain		茎叶 Straw		颖壳 Glume		籽粒 Grain		茎叶 Straw		颖壳 Glume		地上部 Shoot
	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N	高氮High-N	低氮Low-N
NPK	3.9	3.8	11.4 ^#	10.1	3.5 ^#	4.1	19.7	19.9	51.0	47.2	5.2	5.4	75.9	72.5
-N	4.3 *	4.2 *	10.1 * ^#	9.4 *	3.5 ^#	3.8	14.5 *	15.7 *	32.0 *	30.8 *	3.7 *	3.7 *	50.2 *	50.2 *
-P	3.8	3.9	11.9 ^#	10.4	4.0 * ^#	4.7 *	12.5 *	13.6 *	30.1 *	32 *	3.4 * ^#	4.5 *	46 *	50.0 *
-K	3.8	3.8	10.4 * ^#	8.9 *	3.6 ^#	4.1	19.5	20.4	47.7	41.4	5.1	5.4	72.3	67.2

旱地高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量与产量形成及氮磷钾吸收分配的关系

Relationship Between Grain Nitrogen Content and Yield Formation, Uptake and Partitioning of NPK of High-Yielding Wheat Cultivars in Drylands

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处理 Treatment	氮转移系数 N transfer factor						磷转移系数 P transfer factor						钾转移系数 K transfer factor
	茎叶-籽粒 Straw-Grain		茎叶-颖壳 Straw-Glume		颖壳-籽粒 Glume-Grain		茎叶-籽粒 Straw-Grain		茎叶-颖壳 Straw-Glume		颖壳-籽粒 Glume-Grain		茎叶-籽粒 Straw-Grain		茎叶-颖壳 Straw-Glume		颖壳-籽粒 Glume-Grain
	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N	高氮 High-N	低氮 Low-N
NPK	7.2	6.6	1.0	1.0	7.4 ^#	6.4	17.8	17.4	1.6	1.7	11.7	10.4	0.34 ^#	0.39	0.31 ^#	0.41	1.1 ^#	1.0
-N	9.3 *	8.5 *	1.5 *	1.6 *	6.4 * ^#	5.4 *	22.8 *	22.9 *	2.5 *	2.7 *	10.1	9.2	0.43 *	0.46 *	0.35 * ^#	0.42	1.2 * ^#	1.1 *
-P	7.7	6.9	1.0	1.1	7.9 ^#	6.2	20.1	18.2	1.9	1.9	12.8 ^#	10.1	0.33 ^#	0.39	0.34 ^#	0.46 *	1.0 * ^#	0.86 *
-K	7.3	6.7	0.9	1.0	7.8 ^#	6.5	19.6	18.5	1.5	1.6	13.6	12.7	0.38 * ^#	0.44 *	0.35 * ^#	0.46 *	1.1 ^#	0.96

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