长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (17): 3372-3382.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系

蔺江韵¹(), 尹本酥¹, 王星舒¹, 刘晨瑞¹, 孙庆¹, 解星星¹, 程玲玲¹, 孙理维¹, 石美¹(), 王朝辉¹^,²()

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
²西北农林科技大学/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2022-08-31 接受日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-09-01 发布日期:2023-09-08
通信作者:
石美，E-mail：meishi@nwafu.edu.cn；
王朝辉，E-mail：w-zhaohui@263.net。
联系方式: 蔺江韵，E-mail：lin-jy@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900702); 中国博士后科学基金(2019M663838); 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3)

The Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in Wheat and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrients Under Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer

LIN JiangYun¹(), YIN BenSu¹, WANG XingShu¹, LIU ChenRui¹, SUN Qing¹, XIE XingXing¹, CHENG LingLing¹, SUN LiWei¹, SHI Mei¹(), WANG ZhaoHui¹^,²()

¹College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
²Northwest A & F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2022-08-31 Accepted:2022-10-24 Published:2023-09-01 Online:2023-09-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究长期施用氮肥条件下小麦铁锰吸收累积规律及其与土壤养分之间的关系，进一步探讨基于产量及小麦铁锰营养的氮肥调控策略，为合理优化氮肥施用和改善小麦营养品质提供科学依据。【方法】 基于旱地冬小麦的氮肥长期定位试验，设置5个施氮水平0、80、160、240、320 kg·hm^-2，研究不同氮水平条件下小麦籽粒铁锰含量及其与产量、铁锰吸收分配规律、土壤养分及各形态铁锰的关系。【结果】 施氮显著提高了冬小麦产量、地上部铁含量、籽粒铁含量，降低了地上部和籽粒的锰含量。与对照相比，氮肥供应超过160 kg·hm^-2时，小麦产量及籽粒铁含量不再继续增加，分别保持在5 857—6 598 kg·hm^-2和40.2—42.2 mg·kg^-1，而籽粒锰含量保持较低水平，为30.4—35.3 mg·kg^-1。氮肥施用显著降低了土壤pH，提高了土壤中铁、锰元素的松结有机态及铁元素的锰氧化物结合态比例，增加了土壤中铁、锰的生物有效性。相关分析结果表明，小麦籽粒铁含量与产量、生物量、收获指数、穗数、穗粒数、铁收获指数显著正相关，与籽粒锰含量显著负相关；与土壤锰氧化物结合态铁显著正相关；与残渣态铁显著负相关。小麦籽粒锰含量与产量、生物量、收获指数、穗数、穗粒数、籽粒吸铁量、铁收获指数显著负相关，与地上部吸锰量显著正相关；与土壤各种形态锰不相关。【结论】 西北旱区石灰性土壤中长期施氮可提高土壤铁的有效性、促进小麦对铁的吸收及铁向籽粒的分配，进而提高籽粒铁含量；施氮虽然提高了土壤锰的有效性，但显著抑制了小麦对锰的吸收，最终导致小麦籽粒锰含量降低。此外，当供磷水平一致时，土壤长期缺乏氮素供应可能导致小麦籽粒铁含量较低，而锰含量过高。综合考虑产量、籽粒铁锰元素营养品质及环境经济效益，西北旱区石灰性土壤小麦氮肥施用量建议控制在160 kg·hm^-2，过量施用氮肥无助于继续提高产量及品质。

关键词: 氮肥, 冬小麦, 铁, 锰, 西北旱地, 石灰性土壤

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of the study was to explore the uptake and distribution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) under long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and its relationship with soil nutrients, to seek the nitrogen fertilizer regulation strategy based on yield and wheat Fe and Mn nutrition, and to provide a new perspective for the optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application and improvement of wheat quality. 【Method】 Based on the long-term nitrogen fertilizer experiment of winter wheat in dryland, the concentration of Fe and Mn in wheat grains, and their relationship with wheat grain yield, the uptake and distribution of Fe and Mn in wheat and soil nutrients were analyzed under nitrogen application rates of 0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg·hm^-2, respectively. 【Result】 Compared with the control, the application of nitrogen improved wheat grain yield, shoot Fe concentration, nutrient Fe and Fe concentration in grains, but decreased Mn concentration in wheat shoot and grains. When the nitrogen application was higher than 160 kg·hm^-2, no differences among treatments were found in the grain yield (5 857-6 598 kg·hm^-2) and grain Fe concentration (40.2-42.2 mg·kg^-1), and the Mn concentration in grains remained at a lower level (30.4-35.3 mg·kg^-1). N application significantly decreased soil pH and increased the proportion of weekly bound organic Fe and Mn and Mn oxide-bonded Fe in the soil, further enriching soil DTPA-Fe and DTPA-Mn content. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis showed that the concentration of Fe in grains had a significantly positive correlation with the yield, biomass, harvest index, spike number, grain number per panicle, grain Fe uptake and Fe harvest index, and soil Mn-oxide-bonded Fe, but it has a significantly negative correlation with the grain Mn concentration and soil residual Fe. However, the grain Mn concentration was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield, biomass, harvest index, spike number, grain number per panicle, grain Fe uptake and Fe harvest index, and was significantly positively correlated with the shoot Mn uptake, but there was no significant association found with various forms of Mn in soil. 【Conclusion】 In the northwest arid area, the long-term nitrogen application on calcareous soil could improve the availability of soil Fe, promote the absorption and localization of Fe in grains, and increase the Fe concentration in grains. Nitrogen application increased the soil Mn availability, but significantly inhibited the uptake of Mn by wheat, and resulted in a significant decrease of Mn concentration in grains. In addition, when the phosphorus supply level is consistent, a long-term lack of soil nitrogen supply may lead to low Fe concentration and high Mn concentration in wheat grains. Considering the yield, the bioavailability of Fe and Mn in grains and the environmentally-economic benefits, it was recommended that nitrogen application rate should be controlled at 160 kg N·hm^-2 on calcareous soil, since excessive nitrogen application fertilizer would not be conducive to further increase grain yield and improve its nutritional quality.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, winter wheat, Fe, Mn, dryland in Northwest China, calcareous soil

蔺江韵, 尹本酥, 王星舒, 刘晨瑞, 孙庆, 解星星, 程玲玲, 孙理维, 石美, 王朝辉. 长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(17): 3372-3382.

LIN JiangYun, YIN BenSu, WANG XingShu, LIU ChenRui, SUN Qing, XIE XingXing, CHENG LingLing, SUN LiWei, SHI Mei, WANG ZhaoHui. The Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in Wheat and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrients Under Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(17): 3372-3382.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	公顷穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	养分含量 Nutrient concentration
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	公顷穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒铁 GrFeC (mg·kg^-1)	籽粒锰 GrMnC (mg·kg^-1)	茎叶铁 ShFeC (mg·kg^-1)	茎叶锰 ShMnC (mg kg^-1)
2020	N0	3964c	384c	26.2b	39.5a	33.3a	54.4a	458.8a	55.5a
	N80	5283b	513b	26.2b	39.3ab	36.2a	43.9b	354.1a	45.1ab
	N160	6709a	606a	28.2ab	39.4ab	38.4a	36.5c	313.5a	35.7b
	N240	6329a	555ab	28.8a	39.6a	39.3a	35.4c	342.1a	42.1ab
	N320	6596a	628a	28.2ab	37.5b	38.9a	36.4c	313.3a	44.6ab
2021	N0	2671b	268b	22.63c	43.0a	32.2c	61.6a	210.3a	57.6a
	N80	4914a	478a	25.0bc	41.2a	37.0b	57.0b	151.1a	50.8ab
	N160	6488a	509a	29.5a	43.1a	42.0a	40.0c	182.7a	34.5c
	N240	5538a	424ab	32.3a	41.2a	45.1a	38.0c	156.4a	27.5c
	N320	5119a	419ab	28.7ab	42.6a	44.4a	37.2c	207.5a	39.3bc
年际均值 Average over 2 years
	N0	3317c	326b	24.4b	41.3a	32.8c	57.6a	334.5a	56.5a
	N80	5098b	495a	25.6b	40.2a	36.6b	46.5b	252.6b	47.9b
	N160	6598a	557a	28.9a	41.3a	40.2a	34.5c	248.1b	32.1c
	N240	5933ab	489a	30.6a	40.4a	42.2a	30.4c	249.3b	34.8c
	N320	5857ab	523a	28.5a	40.1a	41.7a	35.3c	260.4b	44.2b
F值F value
年际Year (Y)		8.5**	21.4***	0	21.1***	7.1	56.2***	46.4***	0.9
处理Treatment (T)		15.6***	9.8***	10.1***	0.6	10.6***	142.9***	1.7	9.1***
年际×处理Y×T		0.7	1.2	2.8*	8.9	1.6	9.0***	1	1.6

长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系

The Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in Wheat and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrients Under Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer

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