行距和密度对籽粒饲用高粱产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.16.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明不同行距和密度对籽粒饲用高粱生长、产量形成、品质及氮磷钾吸收的影响,明确山西农牧交错带饲用高粱适宜的栽培模式,为籽粒饲用高粱栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】以籽粒饲用高粱新品种辽夏梁1号为材料,于2018和2019年开展田间试验。试验共3个行距,分别为30、50和60 cm,每个行距设4个密度,分别为13.5×10⁴、16.5×10⁴、19.5×10⁴和22.5×10⁴株/hm²,分析不同行距和密度及其交互对抽穗期株高、生物量和养分积累量,收获期产量、养分累积量和品质等影响。【结果】行距和密度及其交互作用显著影响饲用高粱的生长、养分吸收、产量形成和籽粒品质。增加种植密度,抽穗期株高、生物量和养分积累量增加,但抽穗后生物量、收获期生物量和养分积累量以及产量在50和60 cm行距下,随密度增加先增加后降低。产量与收获期生物量、氮积累量及抽穗后生物量显著正相关。50 cm行距下的平均产量、抽穗后生物量、收获期氮磷积累大于60和30 cm行距;行距50 cm、密度16.5×10⁴株/hm²的组合收获期生物量和氮积累量均较高,分别比各处理平均生物量和氮积累量提高3.6%—12.8%和3.6%—18.6%,同时产量也最高,两年分别可达10 814和12 434 kg·hm^-2。籽粒中淀粉和蛋白质含量随密度增加呈降低的趋势,但行距对其影响较小;单宁含量随密度增加显著增加,随行距增加也逐渐增加,行距和密度对饲用高粱籽粒单宁含量的影响大于淀粉和蛋白质。行距为50 cm、密度为16.5×10⁴株/hm²处理的单宁含量与平均含量相当。【结论】增加生育期内氮素吸收,提高抽穗后生物量、保障收获期生物量是提高产量的关键。饲用高粱在不同行距下合理调整株距可以提高产量,但影响籽粒品质,尤其是单宁含量,综合饲用高粱产量和品质,行距50 cm、密度16.5×10⁴株/hm²的组合可作为雁门关农牧交错带（辽夏梁1号）的推荐种植方式。

关键词: 饲用高粱, 行距, 密度, 产量, 品质, 养分吸收

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was conducted to clarify effects of different row spacings and planting densities on the development, yield, grain quality and NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) accumulation of grain-feeding sorghum, and to identify the optimal cultivation mode in agro-pastoral ecozone of Shanxi, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the grain-feeding sorghum cultivation. 【Method】A new grain-feeding sorghum variety Liaoxialiang No. 1 was selected for this study. Field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019. Three row spacings were set, i.e. 30, 50, and 60 cm, respectively. And there were four planting densities (13.5×10⁴, 16.5×10⁴, 19.5×10⁴ and 22.5×10⁴plants/hm²) at each row spacing. The plant height and biomass at heading stage, grain yield, NPK accumulation at harvest and grain quality in different row spacings and planting densities were analyzed. 【Result】There were significantly effects of row spacing, planting density and their interaction on the grain-feeding sorghum growth, nutrient accumulation, grain yield and quality. As plant density increased, the plant height, biomass and NPK accumulation at heading stage were increased. However, the biomass produced after heading, biomass and NPK accumulation at harvest, along with yield, increased first and then decreased with the increase of density under row spacing with 50 and 60 cm; Actually, the grain yield of feeding sorghum was positively correlated with biomass and N accumulation at harvest and the biomass produced after heading. The average grain yield, N and P accumulation and biomass after heading in row spacing of 50 cm were higher than those of 60 and 30 cm. Among the 12 treatments, the treatment with row spacing of 50 cm, planting density of 16.5×10⁴plants/hm²had improved biomass and N accumulation at harvest, which were increased by 3.6%-12.8% and 3.6%-18.6%, respectively, relative to the average value of the total 12 treatments. The grain yield with row spacing of 50 cm and planting density of 16.5×10⁴ plants/hm²was the highest among all treatments, and they were 10 814 kg·hm^-2 in 2018 and 12 434 kg·hm^-2in 2019, respectively. Starch and protein content of grain decreased with planting density increasing, but the influence of row spacing variation on them were less. Grain tannin content was significantly increased with planting density adding, while the row spacing increase also promoted tannin content. The influence of row spacing and planting density on tannin content was obvious, compared with those on starch and protein. Those treatments with row spacing of 50 cm and density of 16.5×10⁴plants/hm² had similar tannin content with the average value of different treatments. 【Conclusion】Both N accumulation and biomass production after heading were important for high grain yield of feeding sorghum. The appropriate plant spacing under different row spacings could improve feeding sorghum grain yield, but affect grain quality, especially the tannin content. Row spacing of 50 cm and density of 16.5×10⁴plants/hm²was recommended in agro-pastoral ecozone in Shanxi (with variety of Liaoxialiang No.1) in terms of grain yield and quality of feeding sorghum.

Key words: grain-feeding sorghum, row spacing, planting density, yield, quality, Nutrient accumulation

王劲松,董二伟,刘秋霞,武爱莲,王媛,王立革,焦晓燕. 行距和密度对籽粒饲用高粱产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(16): 3123-3133.

WANG JinSong,DONG ErWei,LIU QiuXia,WU AiLian,WANG Yuan,WANG LiGe,JIAO XiaoYan. Effects of Row Spacing and Plant Density on Grain Yield and Quality of Grain-Feeding Sorghum[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(16): 3123-3133.

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参考文献 31

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行距 Row space (cm)	密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²)	产量Yield (kg·hm^-2)
行距 Row space (cm)	密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²)	2018	2019
30	13.5	9096e	8873e
	16.5	8971e	8573e
	19.5	9896d	10295cd
	22.5	10021cd	10208cd
50	13.5	10181cd	10335bcd
	16.5	10814a	12434a
	19.5	10628ab	10635bcd
	22.5	10179cd	10301cd
60	13.5	9826d	10023d
	16.5	10566ab	11056bc
	19.5	10350bc	11308b
	22.5	9967d	9891d
方差分析Anova analysis
行距Row spacing (R)		**
密度Density (D)		**
年份Year (Y)		ns
R×D		**
R×Y		**
D×Y		ns
R×D×Y		**

行距 Row space (cm)	密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²)	抽穗期生物量 Biomass at heading (kg·hm^-2)		抽穗后生物量 Biomass after heading (kg·hm^-2)		收获期生物量 Biomass at harvest (kg·hm^-2)
行距 Row space (cm)	密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²)	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
30	13.5	9550b	8121e	7829f	7255d	17379d	15376d
	16.5	10150b	8526de	7696f	7519cd	17846d	16045d
	19.5	10107b	8530de	8819de	9001bc	18926c	17531cd
	22.5	10055b	9518c	9493c	8736bcd	19548bc	18254bc
50	13.5	10386b	8526de	8522e	8675bcd	18908c	17201cd
	16.5	11415a	8556d	8614e	11398a	20029b	19954a
	19.5	10184b	8782d	11101a	9023bc	21285a	17805c
	22.5	10055b	9931c	10208b	8391bcd	20263b	18322bc
60	13.5	10087b	8933d	8943de	8528bcd	19030c	17461cd
	16.5	12076a	10320ab	7532f	8406bcd	19608bc	18726abc
	19.5	10254b	9776c	9277cd	9802b	19531bc	19578ab
	22.5	9894b	10765a	9673c	5342e	19567bc	16107d
方差分析Anova analysis
行距Row spacing (R)		**		**		**
密度Density (D)		**		**		**
年份Year (Y)		**		**		**
R×D		**		**		**
R×Y		**		ns		ns
D×Y		**		**		*
R×D×Y		**		**		**

参数 Parameter	抽穗期养分累积量 Nutrient accumulation at heading stage (kg·hm^-2)			收获期养分累积量 Nutrient accumulation at harvest (kg·hm^-2)
参数 Parameter	N	P	K	N	P	K
行距Row spacing (R)	**	**	**	**	**	*
密度Density (D)	**	**	**	**	ns	**
年份Year (Y)	**	**	**	ns	**	**
R×D	**	**	**	**	**	ns
R×Y	**	**	**	**	*	*
D×Y	**	**	**	ns	ns	**
R×D×Y	**	**	**	**	ns	ns

参数 Parameter	抽穗期生物量Biomass at heading stage	收获期生物量 Biomass at harvest	抽穗后生物量 Biomass after heading	抽穗期养分累积量 Nutrient accumulation at heading stage			收获期养分累积量 Nutrient accumulation at harvest			抽穗后养分积累量 Nutrient accumulation after heading
参数 Parameter	抽穗期生物量Biomass at heading stage	收获期生物量 Biomass at harvest	抽穗后生物量 Biomass after heading	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
相关系数 Correlation coefficient	0.309	0.751**	0.633**	0.189	0.425*	0.167	0.902**	0.358	0.056	0.296	0.117	-0.033

行距 Row space (cm)	密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²）	淀粉含量 Starch content (%)		蛋白质含量 Protein content (g·kg^-1)		单宁含量 Tannin content (g·kg^-1)
行距 Row space (cm)	密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²）	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
30	13.5	76.73ab	74.21b	80.63b	77.08d	0.234k	0.255g
	16.5	75.89cd	74.11b	77.17e	76.46d	0.426h	0.490e
	19.5	74.74ef	73.57cd	76.25fg	75.42e	0.572d	0.738bc
	22.5	73.92g	72.94e	75.77g	76.46d	0.709b	0.693bc
50	13.5	76.42abc	74.07bc	77.50de	83.09a	0.353j	0.457e
	16.5	75.64cd	73.25de	77.92d	83.13a	0.448g	0.654cd
	19.5	75.96bcd	73.28de	78.44c	81.63b	0.550e	0.987a
	22.5	75.23de	72.83e	76.04g	79.55c	0.754a	0.774b
60	13.5	77.06a	74.29b	81.75a	80.34c	0.123l	0.130f
	16.5	76.87a	74.30b	77.92d	75.38e	0.378i	0.578d
	19.5	75.23de	73.92bc	78.71c	73.72f	0.471f	0.670c
	22.5	74.18fg	75.10a	76.63f	73.25f	0.679c	0.914a
方差分析Anova analysis
行距Row spacing (R)		**		**		**
密度Density (D)		**		**		**
年份Year (Y)		**		ns		**
R×D		**		**		**
R×Y		**		**		**
D×Y		**		**		**
R×D×Y		**		**		**