长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 1708-1717.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应

尉亚囡¹(), 薄其飞¹, 唐安¹, 高嘉瑞¹, 马田¹, 尉熊熊¹, 张方方¹, 周祥利³, 岳善超¹^,²(), 李世清¹^,²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100
² 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100
³ 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院，陕西杨凌712100

收稿日期:2022-03-31 接受日期:2022-06-24 出版日期:2023-05-01 发布日期:2023-05-10
通信作者: 李世清，E-mail：sqli@ms.iswc.ac.cn。岳善超，E-mail：yueshanchao@ms.iswc.ac.cn
联系方式: 尉亚囡，E-mail：1500624759@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700)

Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau

WEI YaNan¹(), BO QiFei¹, TANG An¹, GAO JiaRui¹, MA Tian¹, WEI XiongXiong¹, ZHANG FangFang¹, ZHOU XiangLi³, YUE ShanChao¹^,²(), LI ShiQing¹^,²()

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2022-03-31 Accepted:2022-06-24 Published:2023-05-01 Online:2023-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过田间定位试验探究长期覆膜和施用有机肥对春玉米产量、品质、干物质累积和氮素吸收的影响。【方法】长期定位试验在中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所长武黄土高原农业生态试验站开展。试验设4个处理：覆膜，不施氮，作为对照（F）；不覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2（N）；覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2（FN）；覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2，并施有机肥（FSN）。2020和2021年在玉米吐丝期（R1）和收获期（R6）分别采集植株样品，测定植株生物量，并按器官分类测定不同部位的氮含量，收获期测定玉米籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量。【结果】（1）施氮条件下覆膜显著提高春玉米产量，覆膜条件下增施有机肥能使产量进一步提高。不覆膜施氮处理与对照相比增产106%—176%，覆膜处理在此基础上产量增加21%—75%，在覆膜条件下增施有机肥后进一步增产6%—8%。（2）施氮条件下覆膜显著提高春玉米干物质累积和氮素吸收，施用有机肥后二者进一步得到提高。（3）不覆膜施氮处理的粗蛋白含量为8.67%—8.94%，施氮条件下覆膜使粗蛋白含量提高至8.99%—9.34%，增施有机肥后粗蛋白含量没有进一步提高。3个处理间粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量没有显著差异。【结论】覆膜（FN）可以显著提高春玉米产量和粗蛋白含量，覆膜条件下增施有机肥（FSN）在维持籽粒粗蛋白含量的基础上进一步增加产量，实现春玉米的高产优质。

关键词: 春玉米, 覆膜, 有机肥, 产量, 粗蛋白, 粗脂肪, 粗淀粉

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term film mulching and application of organic fertilizer on yield, quality, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of spring maize through long-term localized field experiments. 【Method】 The long-term experiment began in 2009 at the Changwu Agri-Ecological Station, and the samples were collected in 2020 and 2021. The field experiments were conducted with four treatments: mulching, no N (F), no mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 (N), mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 (FN), and mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 and apply organic fertilizer (FSN). Plant samples for measuring total biomass were collected at silking stage (R1) and harvest stage (R6). The samples were divided into different parts as required, and the total N content was determined. Crude protein, crude fat and crude amylum concentrations of maize grain were determined at harvest. 【Result】(1) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the yield of spring maize, while additional application of organic fertilizer under mulching further increased the yield. Compared with the control, the N treatment increased the yield by 106%-176%. The FN treatment increased the yield by 21%-75% on this basis, and the FSN treatment was further increased by 5.6%-8.4%. (2) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring maize, and the two indicators were further improved after the application of organic fertilizer. (3) The crude protein content under N treatment was 8.67%-8.94%, while the crude protein content under FN treatment increased to 8.99%-9.34%. The crude protein content of the FSN treatment was not further improved. There were no significant differences in crude fat and crude amylum content between the treatments. 【Conclusion】FN treatment significantly increased the yield and crude protein content of spring maize. The application of organic fertilizer under FSN further increased the yield on the basis of maintaining the crude protein content of the grain, and realized the high yield and high quality of spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, plastic mulching, organic fertilizer, yield, crude protein, crude fat, crude amylum

尉亚囡, 薄其飞, 唐安, 高嘉瑞, 马田, 尉熊熊, 张方方, 周祥利, 岳善超, 李世清. 长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1708-1717.

WEI YaNan, BO QiFei, TANG An, GAO JiaRui, MA Tian, WEI XiongXiong, ZHANG FangFang, ZHOU XiangLi, YUE ShanChao, LI ShiQing. Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(9): 1708-1717.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	籽粒产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)	粗蛋白产量 Crude protein yield (kg·hm^-2)	粗脂肪产量 Crude fat yield (kg·hm^-2)	粗淀粉产量 Crude amylum yield (kg·hm^-2)
2020	F	4.24±0.12c	288.03±4.01c	176.97±9.50c	3225.54±83.98c
	N	11.74±0.46b	1049.63±56.59b	416.14±71.59b	8936.72±247.03b
	FN	14.19±0.85a	1324.72±73.28a	525.79±41.35a	10724.82±672.24a
	FSN	15.04±0.62a	1381.88±67.18a	568.47±22.15a	11413.28±453.80a
2021	F	4.94±0.31d	304.45±31.53d	249.34±17.81d	3777.38±227.24d
	N	10.24±0.43c	887.67±37.97c	486.72±39.63c	7822.29±339.45c
	FN	17.84±0.33b	1603.88±45.30b	781.28±50.38b	13613.83±123.91b
	FSN	19.34±0.17a	1791.63±76.01a	917.89±64.56a	14688.10±264.55a

	吐丝前吸氮量 Pre-silking N uptake	吐丝后吸氮量 Post-silking N uptake	总吸氮量 Total N uptake	粗蛋白含量 Crude protein content	粗脂肪含量 Crude fat content	粗淀粉含量 Crude amylum content
吐丝前吸氮量Pre-silking N uptake	1
吐丝后吸氮量Post-silking N uptake	0.489	1
总吸氮量Total N uptake	0.866**	0.860**	1
粗蛋白含量Crude protein content	0.807*	0.736*	0.894**	1
粗脂肪含量Crude fat content	-0.511	0.082	-0.252	-0.480	1
粗淀粉含量Crude amylum content	-0.632	-0.236	-0.505	-0.575	0.626	1

长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应

Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau

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