不同灌溉方式对南方优质食味晚籼稻产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.015

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1512-1524.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.015

所属专题：专刊——水稻栽培研究

不同灌溉方式对南方优质食味晚籼稻产量及品质的影响

熊若愚¹,解嘉鑫¹,谭雪明¹,杨陶陶¹,潘晓华¹,曾勇军¹,石庆华¹,张俊²,才硕³,曾研华¹()

¹江西农业大学/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心,南昌 330045
²中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
³江西省灌溉试验中心站,南昌 330201

收稿日期:2020-09-29 接受日期:2020-11-12 出版日期:2021-04-01 发布日期:2021-04-22
联系方式: 熊若愚,E-mail： xiongruoyu08@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300501);江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20202ACBL215004);江西省重点研发计划(20171BBF60030);江西省水利厅科技项目(201820YBKT24);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03)

Effects of Irrigation Management on Grain Yield and Quality of High-Quality Eating Late-Season Indica Rice in South China

XIONG RuoYu¹,XIE JiaXin¹,TAN XueMing¹,YANG TaoTao¹,PAN XiaoHua¹,ZENG YongJun¹,SHI QingHua¹,ZHANG Jun²,CAI Shuo³,ZENG YanHua¹()

¹Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/ Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Nanchang 330045
²Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
³Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang 330201

Received:2020-09-29 Accepted:2020-11-12 Published:2021-04-01 Online:2021-04-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明南方优质食味晚籼稻产量、品质对不同灌溉方式的响应特征。【方法】于2018—2019年在江西农业大学人才培养产学研合作上高创新基地,开展不同灌溉方式对优质食味晚籼稻产量及稻米品质影响的大田试验,水分处理设置常规灌溉（CK）、持续淹水灌溉（CFI）和间歇灌溉（AWD）,供试品种为优质食味籼稻泰优871与普通食味籼稻荣优华占,分析测定稻田水分利用率、产量形成和稻米品质。【结果】不同灌溉方式对供试品种的产量构成和稻米品质存在显著影响,且2年变化趋势基本一致,但品种间存在一定差异。与CK和CFI处理相比,2年AWD处理总水分利用率分别增加了18.2%—62.5%、41.2%—91.7%。相比CK,AWD与CFI处理有增加2个供试品种产量的趋势,但优质食味籼稻品种产量无明显变化,仅2018年普通食味籼稻品种产量在AWD处理下增加显著,增产原因主要在于每穗粒数增加明显。AWD处理总体有利于稻米加工品质,而与CK和AWD处理相比,CFI处理则显著降低了稻米的垩白率和垩白度,有利于外观品质的改善。不同灌溉处理下不同食味类型品种直链淀粉含量存在年度间差异,2019年AWD较CFI处理显著增加了稻米直链淀粉含量;同时,2年AWD较CFI处理也显著增加不同食味类型品种的胶稠度、峰值黏度及崩解值,且降低了消减值,提升了稻米的适口性,而CFI处理较CK与AWD处理则显著增加稻米的蛋白质含量,但不同灌溉方式对优质食味籼稻品种直链淀粉、营养品质与稻米RVA谱特征值的影响效应要高于普通食味籼稻品种。【结论】间歇灌溉处理提高了供试品种的水分利用率,有利于增加优质食味籼稻产量,改善了稻米加工,但不利于外观品质的改善,同时间歇灌溉处理可降低消减值及稻米蛋白质含量,提升胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度及崩解值,有利于改善稻米蒸煮食味的适口性;而持续淹水灌溉有利于改善稻外观品质。间歇灌溉方式可作为南方优质食味晚籼稻品种高质高效的节水灌溉模式。

关键词: 优质食味籼稻, 节水灌溉, 产量, 水分利用率, 稻米品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to probe the response characteristics of the grain yield and quality of southern high-quality eating late indica rice to irrigation management.【Method】 Field experiments irrigation were conducted at Shanggao Experimental Base of Jiangxi Agricultural University in 2018 and 2019. The different irrigation management of the field treatments was conducted as follows: conventional irrigation (CK), constant flooding irrigation (CFI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The two indica rice cultivars, including Taiyou 871 for good-quality eating rice and Rongyouhuazhan for common eating quality rice, were used to analyze and determine water use efficiency, grain yield and rice quality. 【Result】 Different irrigation managements had a significant effects on the grain yield components quality of the two indica rice cultivars, and the trend was consistent over the two years, but there were differences among the cultivars. Compared with CK and CFI, the total water use efficiency under AWD in two years was increased by 18.2%-62.5% and 41.2%-91.7%, respectively. Compared with CK, AWD and CFI showed a trend to increase grain yield of the two cultivars, but the grain yield had no significant change in the high-quality eating indica rice cultivars. Only in 2018, the yield of the common indica rice cultivars increased significantly under AWD treatment, mainly because the number of grains per ear increased significantly. AWD was beneficial to the rice processing quality. Compared with CK and AWD, CFI significantly reduced the chalky rate and chalkiness, which was beneficial to the improvement of the rice appearance quality. There were annual differences in the amylose content of the different eating quality cultivars under different irrigation managements. In 2019, compared with CFI, AWD significantly increased the amylose content of the two cultivars, at the same time, AWD also significantly increased gel consistency, peak viscosity and breakdown, decreased setback, and improved the palatability of the two cultivars in two years. Compared with CK, CFI significantly increased protein content of the two cultivars. However, the effects of irrigation management on amylose, nutritional quality and RVA characteristics of high-quality eating indica rice cultivars were higher than those of common eating quality indica rice cultivars. 【Conclusion】 Alternate wetting and drying improved water use efficiency of two cultivars, which was beneficial to increase high-quality eating late-season indica rice yield and improve processing quality, but was not conducive to the improvement of appearance quality. At the same time, alternate wetting and drying could reduce setback and protein content, increase gel consistency, peak viscosity, trough viscosity and breakdown to improve the palatability of cooked rice, but constant flooding irrigation was beneficial to improving the appearance quality of rice. Alternate wetting and drying could be used as a high-quality and high-efficiency water-saving irrigation model for high-quality eating late-season indica rice in South China.

Key words: high-quality eating indica rice, water-saving irrigation, yield, water use efficiency, rice quality

熊若愚,解嘉鑫,谭雪明,杨陶陶,潘晓华,曾勇军,石庆华,张俊,才硕,曾研华. 不同灌溉方式对南方优质食味晚籼稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1512-1524.

XIONG RuoYu,XIE JiaXin,TAN XueMing,YANG TaoTao,PAN XiaoHua,ZENG YongJun,SHI QingHua,ZHANG Jun,CAI Shuo,ZENG YanHua. Effects of Irrigation Management on Grain Yield and Quality of High-Quality Eating Late-Season Indica Rice in South China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1512-1524.

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	灌水量 Irrigation amount (m3·hm^-2)	总用水量 Total water amount (m3·hm^-2)	灌溉水分利用率 Irrigation WUE (kg·m^-2)	总水分利用率 Total WUE (kg·m^-2)
2018	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	5300±443.8b	8790±443.8b	1.9±0.1b	1.1±0.1b
		CFI	8192±596.2a	11682±596.2a	1.3±0.1c	0.9±0.1c
		AWD	4191±211.5c	7681±211.5c	2.6±0.2a	1.4±0.1a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	5300±443.8b	8790±443.8b	1.7±0.3b	1.1±0.1b
		CFI	8192±596.2a	11682±596.2a	1.2±0.1c	0.8±0.1c
		AWD	4191±211.5c	7681±211.5c	2.4±0.1a	1.3±0.1a
2019	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	5283±104.2b	5815±104.2b	1.9±0.1b	1.7±0.1b
		CFI	7401±529.2a	7933±529.2a	1.4±0.2c	1.3±0.1b
		AWD	3600±173.1c	4132±173.1c	2.8±0.3a	2.4±0.2a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	5283±104.2b	5815±104.2b	1.7±0.2b	1.6±0.1b
		CFI	7401±529.2a	7933±529.2a	1.3±0.1c	1.2±0.1c
		AWD	3600±173.1c	4132±173.1c	2.6±0.1a	2.3±0.1a
F值 F value		年份 Year (Y)	5.662*	305.211**	3.733	297.252**
		品种 Cultivar (C)	—	—	7.034*	7.747*
		灌溉方式 Irrigation management (IM)	135.565**	135.565**	193.928**	148.865**
		年份×品种 Y×C	—	—	0.066	0.079
		年份×灌溉方式 Y×IM	1.405	1.405	1.704	24.453**
		品种×灌溉方式 C×IM	—	—	0.548	0.493
		年份×品种×灌溉方式 Y×C×IM	—	—	0.012	0.110

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	有效穗数 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Grain filling (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
2018	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	314.1±2.6a	123.4±2.8b	86.3±1.1a	27.4±1.2a	10.0±0.4b
		CFI	316.5±1.9a	150.6±3.0a	82.6±0.7b	25.4±0.5b	10.6±0.3ab
		AWD	304.1±3.0b	147.6±8.7a	87.8±0.5a	26.7±0.3ab	10.8±0.3a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	336.0±3.1a	123.3±4.1b	84.3±6.0ab	27.6±1.7a	9.1±0.5a
		CFI	339.7±5.5a	145.8±8.2a	80.3±0.7b	26.1±0.7a	9.8±0.5a
		AWD	325.0±3.5b	131.6±2.5b	89.9±1.0a	27.2±0.6a	9.9±0.4a
2019	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	321.4±6.1a	131.6±9.1a	90.3±4.0a	26.9±0.6a	9.8±0.5a
		CFI	330.6±6.4a	142.9±3.0a	84.9±3.4a	26.8±0.2a	10.2±0.5a
		AWD	311.0±3.3b	139.8±8.6a	91.4±0.8a	26.8±0.2a	10.1±0.6a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	308.6±10.1ab	135.4±3.0b	88.7±3.9ab	26.0±0.5a	9.2±0.9a
		CFI	314.8±2.1a	159.1±8.1a	85.4±0.4b	25.6±0.1a	9.8±0.1a
		AWD	302.6±4.7b	138.6±4.8b	91.7±1.1a	25.7±0.1a	9.3±0.3a
F值 F value		年份 Year (Y)	24.928**	7932.935**	3.097	4927.965**	3.800
		品种 Cultivar (C)	9.266**	10.293**	42.462**	4.205	18.811**
		灌溉方式 Irrigation management (IM)	36.111**	33.584**	22.500**	8.151**	5.487*
		年份×品种 Y×C	134.710**	5.614*	38.873**	3.198	0.644
		年份×灌溉方式 Y×IM	0.845	34.939**	0.283	12.166**	1.112
		品种×灌溉方式 C×IM	0.131	3.654*	1.161	2.598	0.167
		年份×品种×灌溉方式 Y×C×IM	0.531	3.559*	0.655	2.421	0.061

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)
2018	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	81.2±0.2ab	68.7±0.8a	45.7±0.6a
		CFI	80.9±0.4b	68.1±0.8a	45.5±0.4a
		AWD	81.4±0.1a	68.8±0.7a	46.1±0.7a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	80.7±0.4a	67.1±0.9a	41.9±0.8a
		CFI	80.8±0.4a	67.1±0.2a	40.7±0.2b
		AWD	80.9±0.2a	67.5±0.3a	40.7±0.4b
2019	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	82.3±0.4a	70.4±0.7ab	49.9±0.8a
		CFI	81.5±0.7a	68.3±0.8b	47.5±0.1b
		AWD	83.3±1.0a	71.3±1.5a	51.2±1.0a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	79.5±0.3ab	65.7±0.1b	44.0±1.4a
		CFI	78.4±0.3b	66.0±0.1b	43.9±0.4a
		AWD	79.9±0.7a	66.8±0.2a	44.9±0.7a
F值 F value		年份 Year (Y)	0.930	0.641	225.894**
		品种 Cultivar (C)	100.339**	110.461**	462.209**
		灌溉方式 Irrigation management (IM)	10.993**	8.137**	12.067**
		年份×品种 Y×C	62.466**	26.982**	1.810
		年份×灌溉方式 Y×IM	5.097*	2.703	6.866**
		品种×灌溉方式 C×IM	0.603	3.593*	4.224*
		年份×品种×灌溉方式 Y×C×IM	0.374	1.486	4.248*

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	垩白率 Chalky rate (%)	垩白度 Chalky degree (%)
2018	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	20.6±0.2a	6.9±0.1a
		CFI	14.8±0.6b	5.2±0.4b
		AWD	19.8±1.0a	6.5±0.8ab
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	13.5±0.3a	4.4±0.3ab
		CFI	11.4±0.1b	4.0±0.2b
		AWD	14.7±0.9a	4.6±0.1a
2019	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	22.5±0.5a	5.7±0.1a
		CFI	16.4±0.5c	4.0±0.3b
		AWD	21.0±0.7b	5.3±0.6a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	14.7±0.5a	3.1±0.1ab
		CFI	12.7±0.4b	2.8±0.2b
		AWD	15.0±0.4a	3.3±0.2a
F值 F value		年份 Year (Y)	40.214**	108.083**
		品种 Cultivar (C)	784.296**	260.340**
		灌溉方式 Irrigation management (IM)	174.669**	29.693**
		年份×品种 Y×C	2.806	0.039
		年份×灌溉方式 Y×IM	1.646	0.023
		品种×灌溉方式 C×IM	32.685**	10.736**
		年份×品种×灌溉方式 Y×C×IM	0.078	0.010

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	蒸煮食味品质 Cooking and eating quality		营养品质 Nutrition quality
年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	直链淀粉 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	蛋白质 Protein content (%)
2018	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	20.4±0.4a	55.8±0.5b	6.2±0.3b
		CFI	20.0±0.1a	54.6±0.5c	7.0±0.1a
		AWD	20.7±0.5a	58.2±0.3a	6.0±0.1b
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	16.4±0.3a	72.6±0.4b	6.9±0.1b
		CFI	16.2±0.5a	68.1±0.4c	7.7±0.3a
		AWD	16.9±0.1a	74.2±0.6a	6.8±0.1b
2019	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	20.0±0.2a	55.6±0.6a	6.4±0.4b
		CFI	18.0±0.7b	51.8±1.2b	7.2±0.3a
		AWD	20.1±0.3a	56.9±1.3a	6.1±0.1b
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	15.7±0.2b	71.4±0.4a	7.0±0.4b
		CFI	14.5±0.3c	69.9±0.6b	7.8±0.3a
		AWD	16.4±0.2a	71.6±0.2a	6.3±0.1c
F值 F value		年份 Year (Y)	63.416**	20.400**	0.188
		品种 Cultivar (C)	1000.709**	4777.567**	61.695**
		灌溉方式 Irrigation management (IM)	42.040**	110.768**	85.980**
		年份×品种 Y×C	0.043	2.655	4.188
		年份×灌溉方式 Y×IM	12.978**	3.998*	2.236
		品种×灌溉方式 C×IM	1.689	1.126	0.924
		年份×品种×灌溉方式 Y×C×IM	0.501	17.086**	1.241

不同灌溉方式对南方优质食味晚籼稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Irrigation Management on Grain Yield and Quality of High-Quality Eating Late-Season Indica Rice in South China

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	灌溉方式 Irrigation management	峰值黏度 PV (cP)	热浆黏度 TV (cP)	最终黏度 FV (cP)	崩解值 BD (cP)	消减值 SB (cP)	糊化温度 PT(℃)
2018	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	2825±2.7a	1799±18.4ab	3275±17.5a	1026±11.7a	450±5.5b	78.5±0.5b
		CFI	2760±28.5b	1787±3.2b	3231±9.1b	973±4.6b	471±3.0a	80.3±0.1a
		AWD	2833±13.3a	1818±3.2a	3267±11.5a	1016±18.2a	433±3.5c	79.3±0.9ab
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	2891±12.3a	1573±20.6a	2813±5.3a	1318±15.0b	-78±43.6b	83.2±8.0a
		CFI	2687±41.1b	1532±28.0b	2728±11.0b	1155±5.5c	41±2.9a	83.8±8.6a
		AWD	2895±26.9a	1551±17.0ab	2809±4.9a	1344±14.0a	-86±43.7b	78.5±7.8b
2019	荣优华占 RYHZ	CK	2946±7.8a	1838±10.6b	3350±24.0a	1108±21.0a	404±2.6b	79.8±0.9a
		CFI	2760±28.5b	1751±30.7c	3261±13.3b	1009±7.9b	500±7.2a	80.3±0.1a
		AWD	2999±42.4a	1893±40.9a	3358±42.8a	1106±51.5a	359±22.9c	80.3±0.1a
	泰优871 TY 871	CK	3169±52.7b	1677±27.5b	3011±25.7ab	1492±8.0b	-158±36.2b	75.1±0.9a
		CFI	3044±23.1c	1604±27.1c	2941±18.0b	1441±45.1c	-103±22.9a	75.5±0.1a
		AWD	3260±44.1a	1742±14.0a	3046±53.6a	1518±30.2a	-214±20.1c	75.6±0.1a
F值 F value		年份 Year (Y)	441.653**	96.142**	316.439**	39.784**	28.017**	4.029
		品种 Cultivar (C)	180.427**	709.539**	2556.655**	1493.413**	3750.199**	0.657
		灌溉方式 Irrigation management (IM)	120.088**	40.616**	41.203**	165.089**	75.658**	0.414
		年份×品种 Y×C	136.209**	40.517**	90.920**	21.618**	0.085	6.605*
		年份×灌溉方式 Y×IM	6.520**	19.385**	2.502	16.043**	7.381**	0.464
		品种×灌溉方式 C×IM	2.648	0.374	0.965	5.199*	15.162**	0.356
		年份×品种×灌溉方式 Y×C×IM	8.922**	1.088	1.258	9.370**	0.907	0.347

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