中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (22): 4550-4560.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.003
收稿日期:
2020-01-19
接受日期:
2020-06-30
出版日期:
2020-11-16
发布日期:
2020-11-28
通讯作者:
刘鹏
作者简介:
李静,E-mail:基金资助:
LI Jing,WANG HongZhang,XU JiaYi,LIU Peng(),ZHANG JiWang,ZHAO Bin,REN BaiZhao
Received:
2020-01-19
Accepted:
2020-06-30
Online:
2020-11-16
Published:
2020-11-28
Contact:
Peng LIU
摘要: 【目的】比较研究夏玉米不同栽培模式群体冠层特性、穗位叶叶绿体结构及光合性能的差异,阐明栽培模式对上述指标的调控效应,为进一步构建高效冠层结构的夏玉米高产栽培模式提供理论依据。【方法】本试验于2018—2019年在山东泰安进行,以登海605为供试品种,以当地农户栽培管理模式(FP)为对照,通过综合优化种植密度、肥料运筹和种植方式等设置超高产栽培模式(SH)、高产高效栽培模式(HH)2种优化管理模式,比较3种栽培管理模式夏玉米冠层结构、穗位叶叶绿体结构及净光合速率的差异。【结果】与FP模式相比,SH、HH模式群体上层叶片茎叶夹角小、叶向值大,中、下层叶片发育较好,叶面积指数高及高值持续期长,中部叶层光能截获率显著提高21.64%和12.63%,形成了适宜的群体冠层结构。SH、HH模式的叶绿体结构发育良好,而FP发育相对较差。SH和HH模式下穗位叶叶绿体中类囊体发育良好且数目较多,基粒片层和基质片层排列整齐、清晰,细胞内膜结构完整;FP的叶绿体中类囊体发育相对较差,发育不完全的类囊体占比较大,基质片层模糊且排列不整齐。吐丝期穗位叶净光合速率表现为SH>HH>FP,干物质积累量及产量也表现出相同的趋势,SH和HH模式较FP模式分别增产14.20%和4.91%。【结论】相比于FP模式,SH、HH模式产量提高的原因是优化了夏玉米群体冠层结构,保证了叶绿体结构的完整性,显著提高了叶片光合能力。与SH模式相比,HH模式减少了肥料施用量,其群体结构合理且叶片发育良好,是更有助于利用光能的栽培模式。
李静,王洪章,许佳诣,刘鹏,张吉旺,赵斌,任佰朝. 不同栽培模式对夏玉米冠层结构及光合性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(22): 4550-4560.
LI Jing,WANG HongZhang,XU JiaYi,LIU Peng,ZHANG JiWang,ZHAO Bin,REN BaiZhao. Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Performance of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4550-4560.
表1
密度及肥料运筹"
处理 Treatment | 种植密度 Planting density (plant/hm2) | 行距 Row spacing | 肥料类型 Fertilizer | 肥料用量 Dosage (kg·hm-2) | 比例 Proportion | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种 Seeding | 大喇叭口 V12 | 开花 VT | 乳熟 R3 | |||||
SH | 82500 | 80+40 cm | 有机肥 Organic fertilizer | 7500 | 100% | |||
N | 540 | 30%PU+10%U | 30%U | 20%U | 10%U | |||
P2O5 | 180 | 100% | ||||||
K2O | 360 | 75% | 25% | |||||
HH | 82500 | 60+60 cm | 有机肥 Organic fertilizer | 7500 | 100% | |||
N | 225 | 30%PU+10%U | 30%U | 20%U | 10%U | |||
P2O5 | 150 | 100% | ||||||
K2O | 300 | 75% | 25% | |||||
FP | 67500 | 60+60 cm | 种肥同播三元复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O=14-16-15)750 kg·hm-2 Ternary compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=14-16-15) 750 kg·hm-2 |
Table 2
Effects of different cultivation modes on the implantation status of summer maize"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 茎叶夹角 Stem-leaf angle (°) | 叶向值 Leaf orientation value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上层 Upper leave | 中层 Middle leave | 下层 Lower leave | 上层 Upper leave | 中层 Middle leave | 下层 Lower leave | ||
2018 | SH | 17.17ab | 24.01a | 25.35b | 69.72a | 62.51a | 54.08ab |
HH | 16.58b | 19.75b | 23.17b | 69.59a | 61.64ab | 59.22a | |
FP | 18.02a | 24.81a | 28.24a | 67.67b | 59.02b | 48.20b | |
2019 | SH | 11.88ab | 27.5ab | 33.7c | 75.41a | 54.57a | 46.57a |
HH | 11.13b | 23.33b | 32.0c | 73.77ab | 54.17a | 44.86ab | |
FP | 12.58a | 29.08a | 41.87a | 70.57b | 51.51ab | 33.83c |
表3
不同栽培模式夏玉米干物质积累量及吐丝前后分配比例"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg·hm-2) | 干物质分配比例 Dry matter distribution ratio (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V6 | R1 | R6 | 吐丝前 Pre-silking | 吐丝后 Post-silking | ||
2018 | SH | 1842a | 9876a | 26885a | 36.73b | 63.27a |
HH | 1793a | 9541b | 24214b | 39.41ab | 60.59ab | |
FP | 1367b | 9226b | 22486c | 41.06a | 58.94b | |
2019 | SH | 1358a | 10111a | 29303a | 34.50b | 65.50a |
HH | 1210b | 10019a | 24715b | 40.53a | 59.47b | |
FP | 1193b | 9886a | 23069c | 42.85a | 57.15b |
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