中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (17): 3623-3631.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.006
邵靖宜(),李小凡(
),于维祯,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺(
),任佰朝(
)
收稿日期:
2020-12-14
接受日期:
2021-04-08
出版日期:
2021-09-01
发布日期:
2021-09-09
通讯作者:
张吉旺,任佰朝
作者简介:
邵靖宜,E-mail: 基金资助:
SHAO JingYi(),LI XiaoFan(
),YU WeiZhen,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang(
),REN BaiZhao(
)
Received:
2020-12-14
Accepted:
2021-04-08
Online:
2021-09-01
Published:
2021-09-09
Contact:
JiWang ZHANG,BaiZhao REN
摘要:
【目的】随着气候的不断变化,高温、干旱及其复合胁迫等极端天气事件频发,对玉米生产提出了严峻的挑战。本文旨在探讨高温、干旱及其复合胁迫对夏玉米茎秆显微结构和产量的影响。【方法】以登海605(DH605)为试验材料,在开花期设置高温(T)、干旱(D)、高温干旱复合胁迫(T+D),以自然温度和正常水分管理为对照(CK),处理持续6 d,研究高温、干旱以及高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米茎秆显微结构、干物质积累与分配、光合特性、花粉活力以及产量的影响。【结果】高温干旱复合胁迫后夏玉米皮层厚度、硬皮组织厚度、维管束总数和小维管束数目显著降低,较CK分别下降8.8%、14.1%、9.4%、13.7%。此外,高温干旱后夏玉米花粉活力、光合特性和成熟期总干重显著降低,T、D、T+D各处理花粉活力和净光合速率较CK降低23.1%、8.3%、30.7%和23.7%、16.6%、37.5%,成熟期干物质总积累量较CK降低19.7%、5.1%、26.6%,进而导致产量显著下降,T、D和T+D各处理的产量较CK分别下降63.2%、13.2%和71.7%。【结论】高温、干旱、高温干旱复合胁迫导致夏玉米茎秆发育异常,光合性能下降,干物质积累量减少,产量显著降低,且高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量和茎秆显微结构的影响大于高温或干旱单一胁迫。
邵靖宜,李小凡,于维祯,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝. 高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量和茎秆显微结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(17): 3623-3631.
SHAO JingYi,LI XiaoFan,YU WeiZhen,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao. Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Stem Microstructure of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3623-3631.
表1
高温干旱对夏玉米产量及其构成因素的影响"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 穗粒数 Grains per ear | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | CK | 671.3a | 362.0a | 18808.2a |
T | 261.0c | 351.2c | 7425.0c | |
D | 507.3b | 366.0a | 15499.4b | |
T+D | 268.0c | 334.0d | 6095.3d | |
2020 | CK | 687.0a | 338.9a | 18272.3a |
T | 252.7c | 314.2c | 6237.2c | |
D | 640.7b | 331.7b | 16678.6b | |
T+D | 220.0c | 295.3d | 4419.4d |
表3
高温干旱对夏玉米光合特性的影响"
时期 Stage | 处理 Treatment | 气孔导度 Stomatal Conductance (Gs) (mmol·m-2·s-1) | 净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (µmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾作用 Transpiration rate (Tr) (mmol H2O·m-2·s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
VT+7 d | CK | 312.3a | 32.5a | 5.7a |
T | 200.3c | 24.8c | 4.1c | |
D | 293.7b | 27.1b | 4.8b | |
T+D | 138.3d | 20.3d | 3.0d | |
R3 | CK | 164.0a | 26.5a | 6.7a |
T | 112.5c | 25.1b | 6.0b | |
D | 143.0b | 25.9b | 5.4c | |
T+D | 91.0d | 22.4c | 5.0d |
表4
高温干旱对夏玉米成熟期干物质积累与分配的影响"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 茎Stem | 叶Leaf | 轴Cob | 籽粒Grain | 总干重 Total dry matter (g/plant) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g/plant) | (%) | (g/plant) | (%) | (g/plant) | (%) | (g/plant) | (%) | |||
2019 | CK | 139.4c | 31.7c | 47.5a | 10.8b | 32.2c | 7.3d | 221.1a | 50.2a | 440.2a |
T | 159.5a | 39.4a | 39.0b | 9.6c | 38.4a | 9.5b | 168.1c | 41.5c | 405.1c | |
D | 152.0b | 36.1b | 39.9b | 9.5c | 35.2b | 8.4c | 193.6b | 46.0b | 420.7b | |
T+D | 132.6d | 36.3b | 46.6a | 12.8a | 40.6a | 11.1a | 145.1d | 39.8d | 364.9d | |
2020 | CK | 178.8b | 38.8c | 61.0a | 13.1c | 44.4a | 8.9b | 186.2a | 39.8a | 467.4a |
T | 183.1a | 57.2b | 59.5c | 18.6b | 39.7b | 12.4a | 37.8c | 11.8c | 320.1c | |
D | 171.4d | 38.9c | 60.1b | 13.6c | 39.5b | 9.0b | 169.4b | 38.5b | 440.4b | |
T+D | 176.9c | 59.2a | 59.4c | 19.9a | 36.1c | 12.1a | 26.4d | 8.8d | 298.8d |
表5
高温干旱对夏玉米茎秆显微结构的影响"
处理 Treatment | 皮层厚度 Cortex thickness (μm) | 硬皮组织厚度 Rind thickness (mm) | 维管束总数 Total No. of vascular bundle | 大维管束数目 Total No. of big vascular bundle | 小维管束数目 Total No. of small vascular bundle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 94.3a | 1.84a | 280.5a | 90.5a | 190.0a |
T | 93.5a | 1.70b | 271.0b | 92.0a | 179.0b |
D | 89.1b | 1.62c | 257.0c | 91.5a | 166.0c |
T+D | 86.0c | 1.58d | 254.0c | 90.0a | 164.0c |
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