种植密度和喷施乙烯利对夏玉米木质素代谢和抗倒伏性能的调控

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究种植密度和喷施乙烯利对夏玉米木质素代谢与抗倒伏性能的调控机理,探讨密度和乙烯利对夏玉米抗倒伏性能的作用机制。【方法】选用夏玉米品种浚单20（XD20）为试验材料,设置60 000株/hm²（低密度,L）、75 000株/hm²（中密度,M）和90 000株/hm²（高密度,H）3个种植密度,于7叶期（V7）分别对不同处理玉米植株喷施清水或乙烯利,研究密度和乙烯利对植株形态、第三节间显微结构、木质素代谢和产量等影响。【结果】乳熟期（milking stage,R3）,与低密度处理（LCK）相比,高密度处理（HCK）第三茎节节间长度增加19.75%,茎粗、穿刺强度、小维管束数目、小维管束面积和皮层厚度分别降低8.00%,43.46%,20.41%,26.92%和22.05%;木质素含量、PAL活性、4CL活性、CAD活性和POD活性分别降低24.04%、33.81%、10.92%、49.06%和20.78%。R3时期,与HCK相比,高密度喷施乙烯利处理（HE）第三茎节节间长度降低40.70%,茎粗、穿刺强度、小维管束数目、小维管束面积和皮层厚度分别提高14.22%,66.10%,22.71%,22.11%和35.96%;木质素含量、PAL活性、4CL活性、CAD活性和POD活性分别提高28.28%、30.74%、13.01%、59.26%和16.99%。【结论】随种植密度的增加,夏玉米抗倒伏性能降低。喷施乙烯利后,夏玉米茎秆强度和木质素代谢能力增强,抗倒伏性能增强,最终产量增加。在本试验条件下,浚单20种植密度为90 000株/hm²时喷施乙烯利对木质素代谢和抗倒伏性能的改善作用最显著,产量最高。

关键词: 种植密度, 乙烯利, 夏玉米, 抗倒伏, 木质素代谢

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation mechanism of planting density and spraying ethephon on lignin metabolism and lodging resistance characteristics and to explore the mechanism of planting density and ethephon application on lodging resistance characteristics of summer maize. 【Method】 In this study, the summer maize hybrid, Xundan20, was grown by spraying water or ethephon at the seven-expanded-leaf stage under three different plant densities (60 000 plants/hm², low density, L; 75 000 plants/hm², medium density, M; 90 000 plants/hm², high density, H) in order to explore the effects of density and ethephon on plant morphology, the third internode microstructure, lignin metabolism and yield, etc. 【Result】 Compared with LCK at milking stage, the internode length of the third stem under HCK increased by 19.75%. The stem diameter, stalk rind penetration strength, small vascular bundle number, small vascular bundle area and cortex thickness under HCK were 8.00%, 43.46%, 20.41%, 26.92% and 22.05% lower than those under LCK, respectively. The lignin accumulation and enzyme activity of PAL, 4-CL, CAD and POD under HCK were 24.04%, 33.81%、10.92%, 49.06% and 20.78% lower than those under LCK, respectively. Compared with HCK at milking stage, the internode length of the third stem under HE decreased by 34.84%. The stem diameter, stalk rind penetration strength, small vascular bundle number, small vascular bundle area and cortex thickness of HE were 14.22%,66.10%,22.71%,22.11% and 35.96% higher than those under HCK, respectively. The lignin accumulation and enzyme activity of PAL, 4-CL, CAD and POD of HE were 28.28%, 30.74%, 13.01%, 59.26% and 16.99% higher than those under HCK, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Lodging resistance of summer maize decreased with the increasing of planting density. After the application of ethephon, the stem strength and lignin metabolism of summer maize were enhanced, the lodging resistance was enhanced, and finally maize yield was increased. The effect of spraying ethephon on the lignin metabolism and lodging resistance of XD 20 was the most significant when the planting density was 90 000 plants/hm², and yield was the highest.

Key words: planting density, ethephon, summer maize, lodging resistance, lignin metabolism

耿文杰, 李宾, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 种植密度和喷施乙烯利对夏玉米木质素代谢和抗倒伏性能的调控[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(2): 307-319.

GENG WenJie, LI Bin, REN BaiZhao, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, ZHANG JiWang. Regulation Mechanism of Planting Density and Spraying Ethephon on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 307-319.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.006

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I2/307

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处理 Treatment	2017		2018
处理 Treatment	调查时期Investigation stage	倒伏率 Lodging percentage (%)	调查时期Investigation stage	倒伏率 Lodging percentage (%)
LCK	R3	3.4e	R3	11.1c
MCK	R3	14.5b	R3	44.1b
ME	R3	5.3d	R3	6.7d
HCK	R3	20.5a	VT	69.2a
HE	R3	10.2c	R3	11.2c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	抽雄期 Tasseling stage				乳熟期 Milking stage
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	第1节间 1st	第3节间 3rd	第5节间 5th	第7节间 7th	第1节间 1st	第3节间 3rd	第5节间 5th	第7节间 7th
2017	LCK	3.00a	10.00c	13.50c	14.00b	2.67a	9.17a	15.33a	17.13a
	MCK	3.33a	11.67b	15.00b	14.83b	2.67a	10.17a	15.50a	17.83a
	ME	3.33a	8.33d	12.00d	12.33c	3.17a	7.33b	9.00b	13.00b
	HCK	3.33a	13.00a	17.17a	17.00a	2.67a	10.50a	16.33a	18.83a
	HE	3.67a	10.33c	12.33d	11.00d	2.33a	7.00b	8.67b	12.00b
2018	LCK	6.67a	13.10ab	15.27c	16.40b	6.00ab	13.20c	16.50bc	16.65b
	MCK	7.00a	13.67a	17.00b	17.00b	6.50a	15.33b	17.00b	16.67b
	ME	4.33b	11.33b	14.33c	15.33c	4.93b	8.93d	15.23c	15.93b
	HCK	7.33a	14.43a	19.00a	18.33a	6.33a	16.50a	19.00a	18.25a
	HE	4.00b	11.67b	14.00c	16.50b	5.50ab	8.57d	15.47bc	15.57b
ANOVA
年份Year (Y)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	ns
密度Density (D)		ns	**	**	**	ns	*	ns	ns
乙烯利Ethephon (E)		**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**
密度×乙烯利 (D×E)		ns	ns	**	*	ns	ns	ns	*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	抽雄期 Tasseling stage				乳熟期 Milking stage
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	第1节间 1st	第3节间 3rd	第5节间 5th	第7节间 7th	第1节间 1st	第3节间 3rd	第5节间 5th	第7节间 7th
2017	LCK	27.84a	26.62a	23.87a	21.96ab	26.36a	22.92b	22.44b	22.52ab
	MCK	26.38b	24.76b	22.52b	20.06c	25.48bc	21.92c	22.19b	22.00b
	ME	29.00a	26.70a	23.89a	22.69a	25.46bc	22.64bc	22.39b	23.04ab
	HCK	24.45c	21.97c	19.97c	19.91c	23.48d	20.65d	20.45c	20.35c
	HE	28.07a	25.65ab	22.59b	20.64bc	24.93c	23.15ab	22.86b	22.99ab
2018	LCK	28.83b	27.43b	26.50b	24.02c	26.06a	21.65b	23.33a	22.67a
	MCK	26.00c	25.19c	24.17c	23.14d	24.58b	20.53c	19.00b	19.33c
	ME	28.17ab	29.32a	29.50a	27.14a	26.73a	23.67a	22.35a	22.33a
	HCK	25.76c	25.75c	22.07d	21.31e	23.30c	20.33c	17.03c	17.00d
	HE	29.61a	30.58a	30.07a	28.08a	24.21b	23.65a	23.33a	21.33b
ANOVA
年份Year (Y)		ns	**	**	**	ns	ns	ns	*
密度Density (D)		**	**	**	ns	**	*	*	*
乙烯利Ethephon (E)		**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**
密度×乙烯利 (D×E)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatment	单株维管束数目 Number of vascular bundle per plant (No.)			小维管束面积 Small vascular bundle area (mm²)	皮层厚度 Cortex thickness (μm)
处理 Treatment	小维管束 Small vascular bundle	大维管束 Big vascular bundle	总数 Total number of vascular bundle	小维管束面积 Small vascular bundle area (mm²)	皮层厚度 Cortex thickness (μm)
LCK	457.33±1.20a	170.67±0.67a	628.00±0.58a	0.130±0.003a	67.79±0.07b
MCK	388.00±0.58c	165.33±0.33ab	624.00±0.33a	0.102±0.002c	58.09±0.14c
ME	416.00±1.53b	153.33±0.88bc	581.33±2.19b	0.114±0.002b	68.10±0.52b
HCK	364.00±0.58d	144.00±0.67cd	522.67±0.33c	0.095±0.000c	52.84±0.13d
HE	446.67±3.28a	134.67±2.60d	517.33±4.58c	0.116±0.001b	71.84±0.38a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	公顷穗数 Ears (No. hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
2017	LCK	50420d	532a	331.55a	8894.91c
	MCK	60161c	509ab	324.49a	9932.49b
	ME	65346b	506b	301.27b	9954.73b
	HCK	59414c	476c	309.76b	8767.37c
	HE	82617a	496bc	306.52b	12566.32a
2018	LCK	45949d	600a	318.26a	8777.77d
	MCK	59678c	578b	303.92b	10500.73c
	ME	68140b	573b	298.61c	11665.40b
	HCK	25166e	353d	268.29e	2381.91e
	HE	82587a	543c	290.59d	13039.17a
ANOVA
年份Year (Y)		*	ns	**	ns
密度Density (D)		ns	**	**	ns
乙烯利Ethephon (E)		**	**	ns	**
密度×乙烯利 (D×E)		**	**	**	**