中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (22): 4761-4777.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.22.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

有效积温与不同氮磷钾处理夏玉米株高和叶面积指数定量化关系

陈杨(),王磊(),白由路,卢艳丽,倪露,王玉红,徐孟泽   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-07 接受日期:2021-04-08 出版日期:2021-11-16 发布日期:2021-11-19
  • 联系方式: 陈杨,E-mail: 17839964165@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(31572207);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132020038);中国农业科学院科技创新工程

Quantitative Relationship Between Effective Accumulated Temperature and Plant Height & Leaf Area Index of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Levels

CHEN Yang(),WANG Lei(),BAI YouLu,LU YanLi,NI Lu,WANG YuHong,XU MengZe   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-01-07 Accepted:2021-04-08 Published:2021-11-16 Online:2021-11-19

摘要:

【目的】探究基于有效积温的不同氮磷钾处理夏玉米株高和叶面积指数(LAI)的生长动态预测模型及其特征参数,以期为利用有效积温定量模拟夏玉米生长发育动态提供理论依据。【方法】在河北廊坊两年大田试验(2019—2020年)基础上,以郑单958为试验材料,分为氮、磷、钾3个单因素肥效试验,每个因素设4个水平,分别为不施肥、低肥、适量肥和高肥处理。采用Logistic模型拟合不同氮磷钾营养水平下夏玉米株高和叶面积指数基于有效积温的动态方程,并利用增长速率曲线及其特征参数定量分析了夏玉米生长发育特征。【结果】(1)在本试验条件下,与其他处理相比,适量施肥处理(N2、P2和K2)夏玉米株高最大值均为最大。过量施用钾肥对夏玉米最大株高有显著的抑制作用。适量施肥处理夏玉米株高进入平台期所需积温为952.43—958.83℃·d。适量施肥能有效增加夏玉米叶面积指数,养分过量或过少均影响叶面积的形成。适量施肥处理夏玉米叶面积指数进入平台期所需积温为849.18—952.43℃·d。(2)各施肥处理条件下以有效积温为自变量建立的夏玉米株高和叶面积指数方程的拟合度R2分别为0.9949—0.9970和0.9840—0.9939,方程均达到极显著水平,具有生物学意义。基于有效积温的株高拟合方程得出的模拟值和实测值的相关系数(r)在0.9961—0.9983;基于有效积温的叶面积指数拟合方程的模拟值和实测值的r在0.9815—0.9981。(3)各施肥条件下,夏玉米株高和叶面积指数增长速率均表现为“单峰曲线”,适量施肥处理条件下,增长速率曲线呈现上升快下降也快的特点,不施氮肥、不施磷肥和不施钾肥处理增长速率曲线呈现上升慢下降也慢的特点。(4)适量施肥处理条件下夏玉米株高进入快增期积温、进入缓增期积温和达到最大增长速率积温分别为394.17、776.63和585.40℃·d,均与N0、P0和K0处理差异显著,株高最大增长速率和快增期平均增长速率分别为0.4907和0.4302 cm·(℃·d)-1,均与N0、P0和K0处理差异不显著。(5)适量施肥处理条件下夏玉米叶面积指数进入快增期积温、进入缓增期积温和达到最大增长速率积温分别为609.69、855.08和732.38℃·d,叶面积指数最大增长速率和快增期平均增长速率分别为0.0135和0.0118℃·d。【结论】养分供应不足能够增加夏玉米株高和叶面积指数进入平台期所需有效积温。基于有效积温的Logistic模型能够很好地模拟和预测不同氮磷钾处理下夏玉米株高和叶面积指数的动态变化。适量施肥条件下方程的拟合度和稳定性优于养分过量或过少的拟合方程。不施肥处理相比适量施肥处理,夏玉米株高和LAI达到关键期所需积温(进入快增期所需积温、进入缓增期所需积温、最大增长速率所需积温)明显增加,关键期增长速率(最大增长速率、快增期平均增长速率)明显减小。本研究为有效积温定量模拟夏玉米生长发育动态提供了理论依据。

关键词: 夏玉米, 有效积温, Logistic模型, 氮磷钾, 株高, 叶面积指数

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the growth dynamic prediction model and its characteristic parameters of summer maize plant height and leaf area index (LAI) based on effective accumulated temperature with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments, in order to provide a theoretical basis for using effective accumulated temperature to quantitatively simulate the growth and development of summer maize.【Method】Based on the two-year field experiment in Langfang, Hebei province (2019-2020), this study uses Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material and is divided into three single-factor fertilizer efficiency experiments of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Each factor is set at 4 levels, respectively no fertilizer, low fertilizer, moderate fertilizer and high fertilizer treatments. The Logistic mathematical model was used to fit the dynamic equation of summer maize plant height and leaf area index based on effective accumulated temperature under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition levels, and the growth rate curve and its characteristic parameters were used to quantitatively analyze the growth and development characteristics of summer maize.【Result】(1) Under the conditions of this experiment, compared with other treatments, the maximum summer corn plant height was the largest in the treatments with proper amount of fertilizer (N2, P2 and K2). Excessive application of potassium fertilizer has a significant inhibitory effect on the maximum plant height of summer corn. Appropriate fertilization treatment of summer maize plant height requires accumulated temperature of 952.43-958.83℃·d. proper fertilization can effectively increase summer maize leaf area index, and excessive or insufficient nutrients will affect the formation of leaf area. Appropriate fertilization treatment of summer maize leaf area index required accumulated temperature to enter the plateau period is 849.18-952.43 ℃·d.(2) The fit R2 of the summer maize plant height and leaf area index equations established with effective accumulated temperature as the independent variable under each fertilization treatment condition were 0.9949-0.9970 and 0.9840-0.9939, respectively, and the equations reached extremely significant levels and had biological significance. The correlation coefficient (r) between the simulated value and the measured value based on the plant height fitting equation of the effective accumulated temperature is between 0.9961-0.9983; the r of the simulated value and the measured value of the leaf area index fitting equation based on the effective accumulated temperature is 0.9815-0.9981.(3) Under various fertilization conditions, the growth rate of summer maize plant height and leaf area index showed a “single-peak curve”. Under the conditions of appropriate fertilization, the growth rate curve showed the characteristics of rapid rise and fall. The growth rate curve of the treatments without nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer showed the characteristics of slow rise and slow decline. (4) Under the condition of appropriate fertilization, the accumulated temperature of summer maize plant height entering the rapid growth period, the accumulated temperature entering the slow growth period and the accumulated temperature reaching the maximum growth rate are 394.17℃·d, 776.63℃·d and 585.40℃·d, respectively, which were significantly different from N0, P0 and K0 treatment. The maximum growth rate and average growth rate of plant height in the rapid growth period are 0.4907 cm·(℃·d)-1 and 0.4302 cm·(℃·d)-1, respectively, which are not significantly different from N0, P0 and K0 treatment. (5) Under the condition of appropriate fertilization, the accumulated temperature of summer maize leaf area index entering the rapid increase period, the accumulated temperature entering the slow increase period and reaching the maximum growth rate are 609.69℃·d, 855.08℃·d and 732.38℃·d, respectively. The maximum growth rate of leaf area index and the average growth rate of rapid increase period are 0.0135℃·d and 0.0118℃·d, respectively.【Conclusion】Insufficient nutrient supply can increase the effective accumulated temperature required for summer corn plant height and leaf area index to enter the plateau period. The Logistic model based on the effective accumulated temperature can well simulate and predict the dynamic changes of summer maize plant height and leaf area index under different N, P, and K treatments. The degree of fit and stability of the fitting equation under the condition of proper fertilization is better than that of the fitting equation with excessive or insufficient nutrients. Compared with the treatment with no fertilization, the plant height and LAI of summer corn reach the required accumulated temperature during the critical period (accumulated temperature required to enter the rapid increase period, accumulated temperature required to enter the slow increase period, and accumulated temperature required for the maximum growth rate). The growth rate (the maximum growth rate, the average growth rate during the rapid growth period) has decreased significantly. This study provides a theoretical basis for the effective accumulated temperature to quantitatively simulate the growth and development of summer maize.

Key words: summer maize, effective accumulated temperature, Logistic model, NPK, plant height, LAI