中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (18): 3516-3529.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.18.004
李小凡(),邵靖宜(
),于维祯,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺(
),任佰朝(
)
收稿日期:
2021-12-01
接受日期:
2022-01-28
出版日期:
2022-09-16
发布日期:
2022-09-22
通讯作者:
张吉旺,任佰朝
作者简介:
李小凡,E-mail: 基金资助:
XiaoFan LI(),JingYi SHAO(
),WeiZhen YU,Peng LIU,Bin ZHAO,JiWang ZHANG(
),BaiZhao REN(
)
Received:
2021-12-01
Accepted:
2022-01-28
Online:
2022-09-16
Published:
2022-09-22
Contact:
ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao
摘要:
【目的】气候变化导致全球变暖,高温、干旱等极端天气频发,且生产中高温干旱时常相伴发生。本研究旨在探讨不同生育时期高温干旱复合胁迫影响夏玉米产量和光合特性的生理机制。【方法】选用DH605为试验材料,设置不同生育时期高温(T)、干旱(D)以及高温干旱复合(T-D)处理。2019年于三叶期(V3)、拔节期(V6)和抽雄期(VT)进行,2020年于三叶期(V3)、大喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)进行,以自然温度和正常水分处理为对照(CK)。研究不同生育时期高温干旱复合处理对夏玉米产量、光合特性以及干物质的积累与分配的影响。【结果】不同生育时期高温干旱复合胁迫处理后,夏玉米LAI和SPAD值均显著降低,光合性能下降,净光合速率(Pn)显著降低。其中VT时期复合胁迫对Pn影响最显著,VT时期的T-D处理的Pn较CK平均下降39.0%,且高温干旱复合处理后夏玉米净光合速率的下降幅度大于高温、干旱等单一胁迫。高温干旱复合处理引发夏玉米光合性能降低,导致夏玉米干物质积累能力及向籽粒分配比例的下降,进而导致产量显著降低。2019年V3、V6、VT时期的T-D处理的产量较CK分别降低27.4%、18.3%和66.5%;2020年V3、V12、VT时期的T-D处理的产量较CK分别降低14.5%、14.6%和68.7%。【结论】不同生育时期的高温干旱复合胁迫导致夏玉米叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低,气体交换受抑制,光合性能下降,导致光合同化物的积累与分配受阻,产量显著降低。其中,抽雄期遭受高温干旱复合胁迫后对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响最大,且复合胁迫对其影响大于单一胁迫。
李小凡,邵靖宜,于维祯,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝. 高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(18): 3516-3529.
XiaoFan LI,JingYi SHAO,WeiZhen YU,Peng LIU,Bin ZHAO,JiWang ZHANG,BaiZhao REN. Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(18): 3516-3529.
表1
高温、干旱及其复合处理对夏玉米产量及其构成因素的影响"
年份 Year | 生育时期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Grain yield (g/plant) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | V3 | T | 600.3d | 364.5bc | 254.4d |
D | 556.0e | 366.7b | 237.1e | ||
T-D | 554.7e | 343.9d | 221.8f | ||
V6 | T | 648.0b | 368.7b | 277.8b | |
D | 633.0c | 362.6bc | 266.9c | ||
T-D | 556.3e | 385.4a | 249.4d | ||
VT | T | 266.0g | 351.2cd | 108.6g | |
D | 507.3f | 365.9bc | 215.8f | ||
T-D | 261.0g | 337d | 102.3g | ||
CK | 725.3a | 362.0bc | 305.4a | ||
2020 | V3 | T | 681.3cd | 347.5b | 275.3b |
D | 700.0b | 339.4c | 276.3b | ||
T-D | 653.7f | 332.3d | 252.7d | ||
V12 | T | 684.3c | 333.7d | 265.5c | |
D | 674.0d | 334.5d | 262.2c | ||
T-D | 663.0e | 327.1e | 252.2d | ||
VT | T | 269.7g | 322.5f | 101.1e | |
D | 654.3f | 331.5d | 252.3d | ||
T-D | 256.0h | 311.0g | 92.5e | ||
CK | 709.0a | 358.1a | 295.4a | ||
变异来源 Source of variation | 年份Year (Y) | ** | ** | ** | |
生育时期Growth stage (G) | ** | ** | ** | ||
处理Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | ||
Y×G | ** | ** | ** | ||
Y×T | ** | ** | ** | ||
T×G | ** | ** | ** | ||
Y×G×T | ** | ** | ** |
表2
高温、干旱及其复合处理对玉米光合速率及气体交换参数的影响"
年份 Year | 生育时期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 净光合速率 Pn (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾速率 Tr (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 气孔导度 Gs (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (μmol·m-2·s-1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | V3 | T | 35.8ab | 7.0bc | 450.0a | 278.7a | |||
D | 32.5b | 6.9bc | 339.0b | 227.7c | |||||
T-D | 26.9c | 6.7bcd | 315.0c | 191.3d | |||||
V6 | T | 32.6b | 7.7ab | 330.3b | 180.3e | ||||
D | 31.9b | 5.8de | 163.0h | 263.0b | |||||
T-D | 27.6c | 5.4e | 221.0g | 158.0f | |||||
VT | T | 25.1cd | 6.0cde | 236.5e | 112.5g | ||||
D | 25.9cd | 5.4e | 235.3ef | 187.5d | |||||
T-D | 22.4d | 5.0e | 225.0fg | 91.0h | |||||
CK | 37.6a | 8.4a | 284.3d | 161.9f | |||||
变异来源 Source of variation | 生育时期Growth stage (G) | * | ** | ** | ** | ||||
处理Treatment (T) | * | * | ** | ** | |||||
G×T | ns | ns | ** | * | |||||
2020 | V3 | T | 40.5a | 7.3ab | 479.7ab | 154.0bc | |||
D | 39.0ab | 7.2ab | 482.3ab | 138.7cde | |||||
T-D | 38.0abc | 6.8b | 411.3abc | 150.3bcd | |||||
V12 | T | 39.1ab | 7.1ab | 455.7ab | 160.7ab | ||||
D | 38.4abc | 7.0ab | 456.7ab | 153.7bc | |||||
T-D | 34.8bc | 5.7cd | 374.7bc | 143.0bcde | |||||
VT | T | 33.3c | 5.6cd | 296.7cd | 126.7ef | ||||
D | 39.2ab | 6.1c | 321.3cd | 132.0def | |||||
T-D | 26.8d | 5.0d | 218.0d | 115.7f | |||||
CK | 42.9a | 7.7a | 538.0a | 177.4a | |||||
变异来源 Source of variation | 生育时期Growth stage (G) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||||
处理Treatment (T) | ** | ** | * | * | |||||
G×T | * | * | ns | * |
表3
高温、干旱及其复合处理对干物质的分配的影响"
年份 Year | 生育时期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 茎Stem | 叶Leaf | 粒Kernel | 轴Cob | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干重 Dry matter (g/plant) | 比例 Proportion (%) | 干重 Dry matter (g/plant) | 比例 Proportion (%) | 干重 Dry matter (g/plant) | 比例 Proportion (%) | 干重 Dry matter (g/plant) | 比例 Proportion (%) | |||
2019 | V3 | T | 169.0cd | 41.70 | 42.5bc | 10.50 | 154.9e | 38.30 | 38.4abc | 9.50 |
D | 174.4bc | 41.70 | 44.2abc | 10.60 | 157.3de | 37.60 | 41.9ab | 10.00 | ||
T-D | 165.9d | 44.80 | 38.8c | 10.50 | 133.0f | 35.90 | 32.3d | 8.70 | ||
V6 | T | 178.5ab | 39.90 | 47.5ab | 10.60 | 180.8b | 40.40 | 40.3ab | 9.00 | |
D | 181.6a | 41.70 | 48.6a | 11.20 | 168.1c | 38.60 | 37.5bc | 8.60 | ||
T-D | 166.3d | 41.20 | 40.2c | 10.00 | 162.4cd | 40.20 | 34.9cd | 8.60 | ||
VT | T | 159.5e | 43.50 | 39.0c | 10.60 | 129.6f | 35.40 | 38.5abc | 10.50 | |
D | 152.0f | 38.80 | 46.6ab | 11.90 | 153.0e | 39.00 | 40.6ab | 10.40 | ||
T-D | 132.6g | 41.80 | 39.9c | 12.60 | 110.0g | 34.60 | 35.1cd | 11.10 | ||
CK | 180.1ab | 37.40 | 49.5a | 10.30 | 208.9a | 43.30 | 43.4a | 9.00 | ||
2020 | V3 | T | 162.4d | 37.70 | 48.8ef | 11.30 | 182.4b | 42.30 | 37.2cde | 8.60 |
D | 151.7e | 35.70 | 51.6ef | 12.10 | 186.8b | 43.90 | 34.9de | 8.20 | ||
T-D | 151.1e | 37.00 | 47.6f | 11.70 | 175.8c | 43.10 | 33.7e | 8.30 | ||
V12 | T | 174.8bc | 37.60 | 63.2b | 13.60 | 186.5b | 40.10 | 41.0ab | 8.80 | |
D | 148.1e | 35.20 | 58.1d | 13.80 | 180.7bc | 42.90 | 34.2e | 8.10 | ||
T-D | 160.6d | 39.70 | 52.7e | 13.00 | 153.3e | 37.90 | 38.2bcd | 9.40 | ||
VT | T | 185.3a | 52.50 | 59.5bcd | 16.90 | 69.2f | 19.60 | 39.1bc | 11.10 | |
D | 171.5c | 39.10 | 62.4bc | 14.20 | 169.4d | 38.60 | 35.8cde | 8.20 | ||
T-D | 176.9b | 53.10 | 58.8cd | 17.70 | 63.0g | 18.90 | 34.3e | 10.30 | ||
CK | 178.8b | 37.00 | 68.1a | 14.10 | 193.0a | 39.90 | 42.8a | 8.90 |
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