中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (18): 3834-3846.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.18.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

弱光涝渍复合胁迫对夏玉米产量及光合特性的影响

于维祯1(),张晓驰2(),胡娟1,邵靖宜1,刘鹏1,赵斌1,任佰朝1()   

  1. 1山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
    2山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-16 接受日期:2020-12-18 出版日期:2021-09-16 发布日期:2021-09-26
  • 联系方式: 于维祯,E-mail: 1274452129@qq.com。|张晓驰, 1598715310@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31801296);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300304-02);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-18);山东省博士后创新项目(202003039);泰安市农业科技特派员科技项目(2020TPY002)

Combined Effects of Shade and Waterlogging on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize

YU WeiZhen1(),ZHANG XiaoChi2(),HU Juan1,SHAO JingYi1,LIU Peng1,ZHAO Bin1,REN BaiZhao1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
    2College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2020-09-16 Accepted:2020-12-18 Published:2021-09-16 Online:2021-09-26

摘要:

【目的】旨在探讨不同生育时期弱光涝渍复合胁迫影响夏玉米产量和光合特性的生理机制。【方法】选用DH605为试验材料,通过在大田条件下设置不同生育时期遮阴、淹水以及遮阴+淹水处理,即分别为三叶期淹水(V3-W)、拔节期淹水(V6-W)、开花期淹水(VT-W);三叶期遮阴(V3-S)、拔节期遮阴(V6-S)、开花期遮阴(VT-S);三叶期遮阴淹水(V3-S-W)、拔节期遮阴淹水(V6-S-W)、开花期遮阴淹水(VT-S-W),并以自然光和常规水分处理为对照(CK),以模拟不同生育时期的寡照、涝渍及其复合胁迫,研究不同生育时期遮阴淹水复合处理对夏玉米产量、光合特性以及干物质的积累与分配的影响。【结果】遮阴淹水后,夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)下降,叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)显著降低,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)显著下降,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)小幅上升,其中V3-S-W、V6-S-W和VT-S-W处理的Pn较CK分别下降43.7%、41.1%和35.1%,且遮阴淹水复合处理后夏玉米净光合速率的下降幅度大于遮阴、淹水等单一胁迫。遮阴淹水复合处理引发夏玉米光合性能降低,导致夏玉米干物质积累能力及向籽粒分配比例的下降并最终导致产量降低。从2018年和2019年的产量平均值来看,V3-S-W、V6-S-W和VT-S-W处理的产量较CK分别降低32.5%、28.3%和24.7%。与单一遮阴和淹水处理相比,V3-S-W处理的产量较V3-S和V3-W处理分别降低26.3%和13.1%;V6-S-W处理的产量较V6-S和V6-W处理分别下降14.9%和6.2%;VT-S-W处理的产量较VT-S和VT-W处理分别降低2.9%和15.0%。【结论】遮阴淹水复合处理导致夏玉米群体叶面积指数显著降低,叶绿素相对含量下降,光合性能受到抑制,进而导致夏玉米光合同化物的积累与分配受阻,最终导致产量显著下降。三叶期遮阴淹水对夏玉米光合特性和产量的下降幅度的影响最大,拔节期次之,花期的影响较小。同时,遮阴淹水复合处理造成的光合特性及产量下降程度高于任一单处理。

关键词: 夏玉米, 遮阴, 淹水, 弱光涝渍复合胁迫, 产量, 光合特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological mechanism of shade and waterlogging combined treatment on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize during different growth stages. 【Method】 DH605 was selected as the test variety. Shading treatment, waterlogging treatment and shading + waterlogging treatment were set in different growth periods under field conditions, including waterlogging at the third leaf stage (V3-W), the sixth leaf stage (V6-W), and flowering stage (VT-W); shading at V3 (V3-S), V6 (V6-S), and VT (VT-S); waterlogging and shading combined treatment at V3 (V3-S-W), V6 (V6-S-W), and VT stage (VT-S-W). The effects of shading and waterlogging compound treatment on yield, photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of summer maize were studied, and the differences of photosynthetic characteristics and yield between single treatment and compound treatment were compared. 【Result】 After shading and waterlogging, the LAI, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of summer maize were significantly decreased. Compared with CK, the Pn under V3-S-W, V6-S-W and VT-S-W was significantly decreased by 43.7%, 41.1% and 35.1%, respectively. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the combined treatment of shading and waterlogging was decreased more than that of shading or waterlogging treatment. The combined treatment of shading and waterlogging resulted in the decrease of photosynthetic performance of summer maize, leading to the decrease of dry matter accumulation ability and grain distribution ratio of summer maize, and thus resulting in a significant decrease of maize yield. Compared with CK, the yield under V3-S-W, V6-S-W and VT-S-W were reduced by 32.5%, 28.3% and 24.7%, respectively. Compared with single shading or flooding treatment, the yield under V3-S-W was 26.3% and 13.1% lower than that under V3-S and V3-W, respectively. Compared with V6-S and V6-W, the grain yield under V6-S-W was decreased by 14.9% and 6.2%, respectively. Compared with VT-S and VT-W, the yield of VT-S-W was reduced by 2.9% and 15.0%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Combined treatment with shading and waterlogging resulted in significantly reduced LAI, decreased relative chlorophyll content and inhibited photosynthetic performance of summer maize, which led to hindered accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic compounds in summer maize, and thus resulting in the decrease of maize yield. Combined treatment with shading and waterlogging at V3 stage had the greatest effect on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize, followed by V6 and VT stage. At the same time, the photosynthetic characteristics and yield decreased by combined treatment with shading and waterlogging were higher than either single treatment.

Key words: summer maize, shade, waterlogging, combined stress of shade and waterlogging, yield, photosynthetic characteristics