长江下游稻区不同类型双季晚粳稻产量与生育特性差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确不同类型粳稻在长江下游作双季晚稻种植的产量和生育特性,为筛选适宜长江下游双季晚粳品种提供理论依据。【方法】2017—2018年在浙江省杭州市中国水稻研究所实验农场,以高产晚籼稻品种（IR）为对照,并选择大面积应用的常规粳稻（IJR）、杂交粳稻（HJR）和籼粳杂交稻（IJHR）品种,研究比较晚季温光条件下常规粳稻、杂交粳稻、籼粳杂交稻和晚籼稻在产量、生育期以及温光资源配置上的差异。【结果】（1）籼粳杂交稻产量（8.3—10.0 t·hm ^-2）显著高于其他晚稻类型,分别增产2.9%—29.3%（晚籼稻）,30.9%—35.3%（常规粳稻）和13.4%—14.0%（杂交粳稻）;常规粳稻产量最低,较晚籼稻分别减产24.0%（2017年）和1.2%（2018年）;而杂交粳稻与晚籼稻产量差异随年份不同而不同。与晚籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻有效穗少、穗型大、库容高、千粒重和结实率相似;而常规/杂交粳稻则表现为有效穗近似,千粒重大,穗型小。全生育期总体上表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼稻。与籼稻相比,粳型（籼粳杂、常规和杂交粳稻）水稻营养生长期变化较小;穗发育期略有缩短（1—6 d）,而灌浆期显著延长（12—22 d）;全生育期温光资源积累量显著提高,其中主要贡献来自灌浆期的延长。（2）利用主成分分析（PCA）,将供试双季晚稻产量构成与生育特性降维为主成分一（穗粒型因子,37.7%）和主成分二（生育期因子,24.7%）。结果表明籼粳杂交稻为少穗多粒、长灌浆期;晚籼稻为穗粒兼顾、短灌浆期;常规和杂交粳稻的品种特征无显著差异,均为多穗少粒、长灌浆期。（3）相关分析表明,双季晚粳稻产量与每穗粒数（R ²=0.607,P<0.001）、库容（R ²=0.779,P<0.001）和灌浆期（R ²=0.505,P<0.001）呈极显著正相关关系。此外,与双季晚籼稻相比,双季晚粳稻产量对环境变化较敏感,品种间、年度间变异系数较大,这就需要品种的属地化和因种栽培。【结论】双季晚稻“籼改粳”最主要的优势在于延长灌浆期,从而提高全生育期温光资源积累量。与其他类型水稻相比,籼粳杂交稻产量高,表现为大穗型、高库容及长灌浆期,更适宜于长江下游双季晚稻种植。选用籼粳杂交稻,对于提高双季晚稻产量和温光资源利用率、保证双季稻生产安全性具有十分重要的意义。

关键词: 双季晚稻, 产量, 生育特性, 晚籼稻, 常规粳稻, 杂交粳稻, 籼粳杂交稻

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of the study was to evaluate the yield and growth traits of different types of japonica rice in the late season in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so as to provide a theoretical basis for selecting the proper varieties in the double cropping late season in this area. 【Method】 Field experiment was carried out at the China National Rice Research Institute in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2018, with four rice types, including the late indica rice (IR) as a control, inbred japonica (IJR), hybrid japonica (HJR) and indica/japonica hybrid rice (IJHR). 【Result】(1) The yield of IJHR (8.3-10.0 t·hm ^-2) was significantly higher than that of other rice types, increasing by 2.9%-29.3%, 30.9%-35.3% , and 13.4%-14.0% than IR, IJR, and HJR, respectively; The average yield of IJR was the lowest, which was 24.0% (2017) and 1.2% (2018) lower than control (IR), while the yield difference between HJR and IR was varied within years. The IJHR had higher spikelets per panicle and greater sink, and similar panicles per unit area, grain weight, and grain setting as compared to IR. In contrast, the IJR/HJR had higher grain weight and lower spikelets per panicle than IR. The growth duration was ranked in the order of IJHR>HJR>IJR>IR. Compared with IR, the japonica rice (IJR, HJR, and IJHR) had similar vegetative stage (about 56-59 d), slightly reduced reproductive stage (1-6 d), and prolonged the grain filling stage (12-22 d), which leading to an improved accumulation of temperature and solar radiation of the growth duration. (2) The yield component and phenological traits were dimensional reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) as principal component one (panicle size factor, 37.7%) and the principal component two (the growth factor, 24.7%), of which the IJHR was classified as variety with few panicles, large grains, and long grain filling stage, and the IR was medium panicles numbers and size, and short grain filling stage. There was no difference between IJR and HJR based on PCA, being multiple panicles, small panicle size, and long grain filling stage. (3) Correlation analysis showed that the yields of late japonica rice were significantly positively correlated with spikelets per panicle (R ²=0.607,P<0.001), sink size (R ²=0.779,P<0.001) and grain filling stage (R ²=0.505,P<0.001). Compared with the late indica rice, the yield of the double cropping late japonica rice was obvious sensitive to the change of environment, which was characterized by large coefficient of variation between varieties and years. Therefore, it was necessary to localize the variety and cultivate it by species. 【Conclusion】 Applying japonica variety in the late season would prolong the grain filling stage, and increase the temperature and solar radiation accumulation for the late-season rice as compared with IR. The IJHR with large panicle size, high sink size and long grain filling stage maintained the great yield superiors and being suitable for growing the late season in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which would help to improve the yield, temperature and light resources utilization and safety of the late-season rice.

Key words: double cropping late rice, yield, growth traits, late indica rice, inbred japonica rice, hybrid japonica rice, indica/japonica hybrid rice

殷敏,刘少文,褚光,徐春梅,王丹英,章秀福,陈松. 长江下游稻区不同类型双季晚粳稻产量与生育特性差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(5): 890-903.

YIN Min,LIU ShaoWen,CHU Guang,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu,CHEN Song. Differences in Yield and Growth Traits of Different Japonica Varieties in the Double Cropping Late Season in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(5): 890-903.

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年份 Year	品种类型 Cultivar type
年份 Year	IR	IJR	HJR	IJHR
2017—2018	黄华占 Huanghuazhan 天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan C两优华占 C Liangyouhuazhan	嘉58 Jia 58 嘉禾218 Jiahe 218 南粳46 Nangeng 46 南粳9108 Nangeng 9108 秀水134 Xiushui 134	常优5号 Changyou 5 嘉优5号 Jiayou 5	春优84 Chunyou 84（2017）春优927 Chunyou 927（2018）甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 甬优538 Yongyou 538

类型 Type	品种 Variety	2017	2018
IR	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	7.9±0.4c	7.5±0.2gh
	天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan	7.6±0.2cd	7.8±0.2fg
	C两优华占 C Liangyouhuazhan	8.9±0.2a	7.9±0.3efg
IJR	嘉58 Jia 58	5.9±0.1fg	8.5±0.2cd
	嘉禾218 Jiahe 218	6.1±0.3f	6.1±0.1i
	南粳46 Nangeng 46	5.6±0.1g	8.3±0.3de
	南粳9108 Nangeng 9108	6.6±0.1e	7.2±0.1h
	秀水134 Xiushui 134	6.6±0.3e	8.0±0.1ef
HJR	常优5号 Changyou 5	7.4±0.3d	8.7±0.2c
	嘉优5号 Jiayou 5	7.3±0.1d	8.8±0.3c
IJHR	春优84 Chunyou 84	8.3±0.2b	—
	春优927 Chunyou 927	—	10.6±0.4a
	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	8.4±0.2b	9.9±0.4b
	甬优538 Yongyou 538	8.3±0.3b	9.5±0.2b
平均值 Average	IR	8.1±0.6a	7.7±0.3c
	IJR	6.2±0.4c	7.6±0.9c
	HJR	7.4±0.2b	8.8±0.3b
	IJHR	8.3±0.2a	10.0±0.5a
ANOVA
品种类型 Type (T)	65.60**
年份 Year (Y)	62.52**
T×Y	13.95**

年份 Year	类型 Type	有效穗数 (panicles/m²)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Grain setting (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	库容 Sink (×10³·m^-2)
2017	IR	303.8±16.7a	169.4±23.3b	60.7±10.6b	22.5±1.2b	51.2±5.4b
	IJR	269.5±30.8b	121.4±18.2c	77.2±5.1a	26.9±1.6a	32.7±6.3d
	HJR	282.6±30.6ab	137.4±7.8c	72.1±8.2a	27.5±2.5a	38.7±2.4c
	IJHR	224.4±15.0c	263.0±32.5a	63.7±6.6b	22.9±1.3b	58.6±4.2a
2018	IR	306.3±39.7a	181.7±29.1b	67.0±5.7b	23.0±0.8c	55.0±6.9b
	IJR	310.3±20.4a	133.3±15.5c	75.0±5.8a	26.0±1.3b	41.2±3.4d
	HJR	299.2±15.4a	166.4±8.1b	65.7±8.3b	27.9±2.3a	49.7±0.9c
	IJHR	218.2±14.6b	316.0±32.8a	65.2±7.0b	22.9±0.9c	68.6±3.4a
ANOVA
品种类型 Type (T)		41.65**	195.52**	15.97**	49.54**	126.37**
年份 Year (Y)		5.15*	23.52**	0.02ns	0.00ns	52.96**
T×Y		4.10**	3,54*	2.36ns	1.11ns	1.82ns

年份 Year	类型 Type	营养生长期 Vegetative stage	穗发育期 Reproductive stage	灌浆期 Grain filling stage	全生育期 Growth period
2017	IR	58a	24a	35c	117c
	IJR	58a	21a	47b	126b
	HJR	58a	22a	48b	128ab
	IJHR	58a	23a	50a	131a
2018	IR	58a	25a	42b	125c
	IJR	57b	22ab	58a	136b
	HJR	59a	19b	62a	140ab
	IJHR	56b	24a	64a	143a
ANOVA
品种类型 Type (T)		12.81**	4.93**	64.32**	41.02**
年份 Years (Y)		11.18**	0.00ns	115.18**	94.65**
T×Y		12.81**	1.18ns	2.16ns	0.80ns

年份 Year	类型 Type	营养生长期 Vegetative stage			穗发育期 Reproductive stage			灌浆期 Grain filling stage			全生育期 Growth period
年份 Year	类型 Type	EAT (℃)	LH (h)	Rs (MJ·m^-2)	EAT (℃)	LH (h)	Rs (MJ·m^-2)	EAT (℃)	LH (h)	Rs (MJ·m^-2)	EAT (℃)	LH (h)	Rs (MJ·m^-2)
2017	IR	1187.7b	449.5a	1097.8a	433.5a	126.6a	360.3a	419.3b	88.8d	426.2c	2040.5c	664.9c	1872.2c
	IJR	1187.7a	449.5a	1097.8b	380.1a	110.5ab	312.7a	532.4a	168.5c	580.6b	2100.2b	728.5b	1979.1b
	HJR	1187.7b	449.5a	1097.8a	402.6a	107.3b	327.4a	522.9a	185.7b	589.8ab	2113.2ab	742.5ab	2003.0ab
	IJHR	1187.7b	449.5a	1097.8a	412.9a	113.7ab	338.4a	530.6a	198.7a	613.6a	2131.2a	762.0a	2037.7a
2018	IR	1157.0a	432.3a	1066.3a	434.1a	140.9a	386.6a	456.5b	225.7b	540.6b	2047.6b	786.8b	1973.3c
	IJR	1130.3b	425.7b	1045.1b	387.8a	128.5ab	340.3ab	595.4a	273.1a	703.5a	2113.5a	815.1a	2068.6b
	HJR	1176.1a	437.1a	1081.5a	334.1b	117.9b	299.3b	627.9a	288.3a	745.3a	2138.1a	831.2a	2105.8ab
	IJHR	1118.8b	422.8b	1035.9b	418.4a	138.3a	368.9a	609.7a	287.5a	744.1a	2146.8a	836.5a	2128.7a
ANOVA
品种类型 Type (T)		12.81**	12.81**	12.81**	4.85**	5.67**	5.01**	29.40**	69.42**	56.94**	40.14**	36.39**	40.32**
年份Year (Y)		151.25**	547.95**	222.51**	1.07ns	21.78**	1.40ns	33.19**	529.12**	116.76**	5.31*	306.87**	76.48**
T×Y		12.81**	12.81**	12.81**	1.51ns	0.60ns	1.08ns	1.13ns	4.80**	0.43ns	0.25ns	3.81*	0.10ns