我国玉米籽粒的菌群构成及优势镰孢菌产毒能力分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (21): 4802-4814.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.007

我国玉米籽粒的菌群构成及优势镰孢菌产毒能力分析

成明鑫¹(), 陈稳产¹(), 魏凯巍¹, 张赛¹, 左愉婕¹, 苏前富², 刘宁¹, 曹志艳¹(), 董金皋¹()

¹ 河北农业大学植物保护学院/河北省植物生理与分子病理学重点实验室，河北保定 071000
² 吉林省农业科学院（中国农业科技东北创新中心）植物保护研究所，吉林公主岭 136100

收稿日期:2026-04-25 接受日期:2026-05-16 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-11-06
通信作者:
曹志艳，E-mail：caozhiyan@hebau.edu.cn。
董金皋，E-mail：shmdjg@hebau.edu.cn
联系方式: 成明鑫，E-mail：xxqkxmail@163.com。陈稳产，E-mail：chenwenchan@hebau.edu.cn。成明鑫和陈稳产为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-32); 河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费(KY2025003)

Analysis of the Fungal Community Composition in Maize Kernels and the Toxigenic Capacity of Dominant Fusarium Species in China

CHENG MingXin¹(), CHEN WenChan¹(), WEI KaiWei¹, ZHANG Sai¹, ZUO YuJie¹, SU QianFu², LIU Ning¹, CAO ZhiYan¹(), DONG JinGao¹()

¹ College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding 071000, Hebei
² Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Innovation Center for Agricultural Science and Technology), Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin

Received:2026-04-25 Accepted:2026-05-16 Published:2026-11-01 Online:2026-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确我国玉米主产区籽粒中的病原组成、区域分布特征及其年度演替规律，系统分析玉米籽粒中优势病原的产毒特性，为储藏期玉米毒素污染控制及质量安全保障提供科学依据与数据支撑。【方法】2022—2025年连续4年在我国14个省（自治区）41个地区采集玉米籽粒样品并进行病原分离纯化，采用形态学和分子生物学方法对污染菌进行鉴定，统计病原种类和分离频率，分析其分布特征及动态变化；测定拟轮枝镰孢（Fusarium verticillioides）和禾谷镰孢（Fusarium graminearum）产毒能力，分析比较不同玉米产区拟轮枝镰孢和禾谷镰孢的产毒能力差异。【结果】共分离得到真菌5 885株，主要包括镰孢菌、青霉、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、木霉、黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）和其他真菌，分离频率分别为67.82%、17.72%、7.31%、2.97%、2.70%和1.48%，其中镰孢菌分离频率最高，拟轮枝镰孢为优势真菌，4年累计分离获得3 061株，分离频率为52.01%，其次为禾谷镰孢、层出镰孢（Fusarium proliferatum）、尖孢镰孢（Fusarium oxysporum），分离频率分别为11.03%、3.14%、1.58%，黄色镰孢（Fusarium culmorum）仅在2022年检出3株。霉菌中青霉、黑曲霉为主要污染菌，分离频率分别为17.72%和7.31%。对分离获得的拟轮枝镰孢和禾谷镰孢进行产毒能力测定，结果显示，拟轮枝镰孢伏马毒素FB₁产量范围在0.07—4 916.92 μg·g^-1，FB₂产量范围在0.02—5 573.14 μg·g^-1，不同产区菌株产毒能力存在明显差异，黄淮海玉米产区菌株产毒能力较高，FB₁和FB₂最大值分别为4 916.92和5 573.14 μg·g^-1；东北玉米产区次之，FB₁和FB₂最大值分别为2 070.29和468.51 μg·g^-1；西北玉米产区整体产毒能力偏低、分布集中，高产毒菌株占比少，FB₁和FB₂最大值分别为20.91和30.76 μg·g^-1；禾谷镰孢脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇（呕吐毒素，DON）产量介于1.24—3.43 μg·g^-1，东北、西北、黄淮海三大产区产毒区间分布相近，仅小幅变化，无显著地域性差异。【结论】拟轮枝镰孢是我国玉米籽粒的主要污染菌，区域间和年度间种群存在差异；不同产区间拟轮枝镰孢产伏马毒素能力存在差异，黄淮海与东北产区存在强产毒菌株。

关键词: 玉米籽粒, 菌群, 镰孢菌, 真菌毒素, 产毒能力

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the composition, regional distribution characteristics, and annual succession patterns of pathogens in maize kernels from major maize-producing areas in China, systematically analyze the toxigenic capacity of dominant pathogens, and to provide scientific basis and data support for the control of mycotoxin contamination and the quality and safety assurance of maize during storage. 【Method】From 2022 to 2025, maize kernel samples were continuously collected from 41 regions across 14 provinces (autonomous regions) in China for four consecutive years, and pathogens were isolated and purified. Morphological and molecular biological methods were used to identify the contaminant fungi. The pathogen species and isolation frequency were counted to analyze their distribution characteristics and dynamic changes. The toxigenic capacity of Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum was determined, and the differences in toxigenic capacity of the two species among different maize-producing areas were analyzed and compared. 【Result】A total of 5 885 fungal strains were isolated, predominantly including Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma spp., A. flavus, and other fungi. Their corresponding isolation frequencies were 67.82%, 17.72%, 7.31%, 2.97%, 2.70%, and 1.48%, respectively. Among them, Fusarium spp. had the highest isolation frequency. Within the genus Fusarium, F. verticillioides was the predominant species. A total of 3 061 strains were isolated during the four-year investigation, accounting for 52.01% of the total strains. This was followed by F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. oxysporum, with isolation frequencies of 11.03%, 3.14%, and 1.58%, respectively. F. culmorum was only detected in 2022 (3 strains). Among molds, Penicillium spp. and A. niger were the main contaminants, with isolation frequencies of 17.72% and 7.31%, respectively. The toxigenic capacity of the isolated F. verticillioides and F. graminearum were determined. The results showed that the FB₁ production of F. verticillioides ranged from 0.07 to 4 916.92 μg·g^-1, and FB₂ranged from 0.02 to 5 573.14 μg·g^-1. Significant differences in toxigenic capacity were observed among strains from different production areas. Strains isolated from the Huang-Huai-Hai maize-producing area exhibited higher toxigenic capacity, with the maximum FB₁ and FB₂ production levels reaching 4 916.92 and 5 573.14 μg·g^-1, respectively. The Northeast maize-producing area ranked second, with maximum FB₁ and FB₂ production levels of 2 070.29 and 468.51 μg·g^-1. By contrast, the Northwest maize-producing area showed overall lower toxigenic capacity, with a concentrated distribution and a smaller proportion of high-toxin-producing strains; the maximum production levels of FB₁ and FB₂ were only 20.91 and 30.76 μg·g^-1, respectively. The DON production of F. graminearum ranged from 1.24 to 3.43 μg·g^-1. Overall the three major maize-producing areas (Northeast, Northwest, and Huang-Huai-Hai) exhibited similar toxigenic distribution patterns with only minor variations, and no significant regional differences were observed. 【Conclusion】F. verticillioides is the primary contaminant of maize kernels in China, with its population structure varying across regions and years. The toxigenic capacity (FB) of F. verticillioides varies significantly among different maize-producing areas, and high-toxin-producing strains are predominantly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai and Northeast maize-producing areas.

Key words: maize kernel, microbial community, Fusarium, mycotoxin, toxigenic capacity

成明鑫, 陈稳产, 魏凯巍, 张赛, 左愉婕, 苏前富, 刘宁, 曹志艳, 董金皋. 我国玉米籽粒的菌群构成及优势镰孢菌产毒能力分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(21): 4802-4814.

CHENG MingXin, CHEN WenChan, WEI KaiWei, ZHANG Sai, ZUO YuJie, SU QianFu, LIU Ning, CAO ZhiYan, DONG JinGao. Analysis of the Fungal Community Composition in Maize Kernels and the Toxigenic Capacity of Dominant Fusarium Species in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(21): 4802-4814.

图/表 7

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 48

[1]	张天宇. 517份玉米种质籽粒容重鉴定及全基因组关联分析(GWAS)[D]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2023.
	Zhang T Y. Determination and genome-wide association analysis for kernel test weight of 517 maize germplasms[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A&F University, 2023. (in Chinese)
[2]	朱利红, 李帅, 段灿星. 玉米种质资源对6种镰孢穗腐病的抗性鉴定与评价[C]// 中国植物病理学会. 中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会论文集. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2023: 501.
	Zhu L H, Li S, Duan C X. Identification and evaluation of maize germplasm resources for resistance to six kinds of Fusarium ear rot[C]// Chinese Society for Plant Pathology. Proceedings of the 2023 Annual Conference of the Chinese Society for Plant Pathology. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2023: 501. (in Chinese)
[3]	孙华, 张海剑, 马红霞, 石洁, 郭宁, 陈丹, 李坡. 春玉米区穗腐病病原菌组成、分布及禾谷镰孢复合种的鉴定[J]. 植物病理学报, 2018, 48(1): 8-15. doi: 10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000161
	Sun H, Zhang H J, Ma H X, Shi J, Guo N, Chen D, Li P. Composition and distribution of pathogens causing ear rot in spring maize region and identification of Fusarium graminearum species complex[J]. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2018, 48(1): 8-15. (in Chinese)
[4]	席靖豪. 黄淮海夏玉米穗腐病病原多样性分析及玉米新品种抗病性鉴定[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2018.
	Xi J H. Pathogen diversity analysis of summer maize ear rot in Huang-Huai-Hai Region and resistance identification of new maize varieties[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[5]	杜青, 唐照磊, 李石初, 上官玲玲, 李华娇, 段灿星. 广西玉米穗腐病致病镰孢种群构成与毒素化学型分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(11): 1895-1907. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.005.
	Du Q, Tang Z L, Li S C, Shangguan L L, Li H J, Duan C X. Composition of Fusarium species causing maize ear rot and analysis of toxigenic chemotype in Guangxi[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1895-1907. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.005. (in Chinese)
[6]	Hunde T D. Ear rot diseases in maize (Zea mays L.), associated mycotoxins, and management practices in Ethiopia: A review[J]. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 2025, 8(2): e70136.
[7]	Price J L, Visagie C M, Meyer H, Yilmaz N. Fungal species and mycotoxins associated with maize ear rots collected from the Eastern Cape in South Africa[J]. Toxins, 2024, 16(2): 95. doi: 10.3390/toxins16020095
[8]	Katati B, Schoenmakers P, Njapau H, Kachapulula P W, Zwaan B J, van Diepeningen A D, Schoustra S E. Preharvest maize fungal microbiome and mycotoxin contamination: Case of Zambia’s different rainfall patterns[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2023, 89(6): e00078-23.
[9]	Brito V D, Achimón F, Zunino M P, Zygadlo J A, Pizzolitto R P. Fungal diversity and mycotoxins detected in maize stored in silo-bags: A review[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2022, 102(7): 2640-2650. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.v102.7
[10]	Dinolfo M I, Martínez M, Castañares E, Arata A F. Fusarium in maize during harvest and storage: A review of species involved, mycotoxins, and management strategies to reduce contamination[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2022, 164(2): 151-166. doi: 10.1007/s10658-022-02548-0
[11]	Arata A F, Martínez M, Pesquero N V, Cristos D, Dinolfo M I. Contamination of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins at different ear physiological stages of maize in Argentina[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2024, 410: 110493. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110493
[12]	马盼盼, 韩占府, 高岭巍, 郭红甫, 岳振国, 刘晓帆, 姬社林, 张力, 李婧. 播期、年份及杂交种对玉米籽粒镰刀菌和伏马毒素污染及主要农艺性状的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2025, 33(2): 88-93.
	Ma P P, Han Z F, Gao L W, Guo H F, Yue Z G, Liu X F, Ji S L, Zhang L, Li J. Effects of sowing date, year and hybrid on Fusarium and fumonisin contamination and main agronomic traits of maize kernels[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2025, 33(2): 88-93. (in Chinese)
[13]	Wu Q, Kuča K, Humpf H U, Klímová B, Cramer B. Fate of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside during cereal-based thermal food processing: A review study[J]. Mycotoxin Research, 2017, 33(1): 79-91. doi: 10.1007/s12550-016-0263-9 pmid: 27866369
[14]	夏玉生, 郭成, 温胜慧, 孙素丽, 朱振东, 段灿星. 玉米种质抗拟轮枝镰孢与禾谷镰孢穗腐病鉴定及抗性多样性分析[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2022, 23(1): 61-71. doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20210727001
	Xia Y S, Guo C, Wen S H, Sun S L, Zhu Z D, Duan C X. Identification of maize germplasm resistance to ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum and analysis of resistance diversity[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2022, 23(1): 61-71. (in Chinese)
[15]	Bottalico A. Fusarium diseases of cereals: Species complex and related mycotoxin profiles, in Europe[J]. Journal of Plant Pathology, 1998, 80(2): 85-103.
[16]	Covarelli L, Stifano S, Beccari G, Raggi L, Lattanzio M T, Albertini E. Characterization of Fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from maize in Italy: Fumonisin production, pathogenicity and genetic variability[J]. Food Microbiology, 2012, 31(1): 17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.02.002 pmid: 22475938
[17]	Boutigny A L, Ward T J, Ballois N, Iancu G, Ioss R. Diversity of the Fusarium graminearum species complex on French cereals[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2014, 138(1): 133-148. doi: 10.1007/s10658-013-0312-6
[18]	Scauflaire J, Mahieu O, Louvieaux J, Foucart G, Renard F, Munaut F. Biodiversity of Fusarium species in ears and stalks of maize plants in Belgium[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2011, 131(1): 59-66. doi: 10.1007/s10658-011-9787-1
[19]	Dorn B, Forrer H R, Schürch S, Vogelgsang S. Fusarium species complex on maize in Switzerland: Occurrence, prevalence, impact and mycotoxins in commercial hybrids under natural infection[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2009, 125(1): 51-61. doi: 10.1007/s10658-009-9457-8
[20]	Aguín O, Cao A, Pintos C, Santiago R, Mansilla P, Butrón A. Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize kernels grown in northwestern Spain[J]. Plant Pathology, 2014, 63(4): 946-951. doi: 10.1111/ppa.2014.63.issue-4
[21]	Zila C T, Ogut F, Romay M C, Gardner C A, Buckler E S, Holland J B. Genome-wide association study of Fusarium ear rot disease in the USA maize inbred line collection[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2014, 14(1): 372. doi: 10.1186/s12870-014-0372-6
[22]	Schaafsma A W, Limay-Rios V, Tamburic-Illincic L. Mycotoxins and Fusarium species associated with maize ear rot in Ontario, Canada[J]. Cereal Research Communications, 2008, 36: 525-527.
[23]	Silva J J, Viaro H P, Ferranti L S, Oliveira A L M, Ferreira J M, Ruas C F, Ono E Y, Fungaro M H. Genetic structure of Fusarium verticillioides populations and occurrence of fumonisins in maize grown in Southern Brazil[J]. Crop Protection, 2017, 99: 160-167. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.05.020
[24]	Small I M, Flett B C, Marasas W F O, McLeod A, Stander M A, Viljoen A. Resistance in maize inbred lines to Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin accumulation in South Africa[J]. Plant Disease, 2012, 96(6): 881-888. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0695 pmid: 30727350
[25]	Tsehaye H, Brurberg M B, Sundheim L, Assefa D, Tronsmo A, Tronsmo A M. Natural occurrence of Fusarium species and fumonisin on maize grains in Ethiopia[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2017, 147(1): 141-155. doi: 10.1007/s10658-016-0987-6
[26]	Desjardins A E, Manandhar G, Plattner R D, Maragos C M, Shrestha K, McCormick S P. Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in Nepalese maize and wheat and the effect of traditional processing methods on mycotoxin levels[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2000, 48(4): 1377-1383. pmid: 10775401
[27]	Navale V D, Sawant A M, Vamkudoth K R. Genetic diversity of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides associated with maize grains, India[J]. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2023, 46(1): e20220073. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0073
[28]	程璐, 陈家斌, 张艺璇, 杨丹丹, 谭静. 两种优势病原菌玉米穗腐病的研究比较[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 44(3): 647-654.
	Cheng L, Chen J B, Zhang Y X, Yang D D, Tan J. Comparative study on maize ear rot caused by two dominant pathogens[J]. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 44(3): 647-654. (in Chinese)
[29]	李晓鸯, 马周杰, 盖晓彤, 汪浩德, 姚远, 孙艳秋, 高增贵. 东北地区玉米穗腐镰孢菌种类鉴定及拟轮枝镰孢菌遗传多样性[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2018, 49(2): 136-142.
	Li X Y, Ma Z J, Gai X T, Wang H D, Yao Y, Sun Y Q, Gao Z G. Identification of Fusarium species causing maize ear rot and genetic diversity of Fusarium verticillioides in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2018, 49(2): 136-142. (in Chinese)
[30]	段灿星, 王晓鸣, 宋凤景, 孙素丽, 周丹妮, 朱振东. 玉米抗穗腐病研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(11): 2152-2164. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.11.007.
	Duan C X, Wang X M, Song F J, Sun S L, Zhou D N, Zhu Z D. Advances in research on maize resistance to ear rot[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(11): 2152-2164. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.11.007. (in Chinese)
[31]	陈聪. 东北三省谷物类镰孢菌的分离鉴定与ZEN毒素检测[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2014.
	Chen C. Isolation, identification of Fusarium spp. and detection of ZEN toxin in grains from three northeastern provinces[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[32]	郭聪聪, 朱维芳, 付萌, 庞民好, 刘颖超, 董金皋. 甘肃省玉米籽粒中镰孢菌分离频率及伏马毒素含量监测[J]. 植物保护学报, 2015, 42(6): 942-948.
	Guo C C, Zhu W F, Fu M, Pang M H, Liu Y C, Dong J G. Isolation frequency of Fusarium spp. and monitoring of fumonisin content in maize kernels from Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2015, 42(6): 942-948. (in Chinese)
[33]	李丽娜. 玉米储藏期籽粒污染镰孢菌及毒素原因分析与控制[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2019.
	Li L N. Analysis of causes and control of Fusarium spp. and toxin contamination in maize grains during storage[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[34]	张赛. 玉米储藏期真菌组成及玉米品质的变化规律[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2024.
	Zhang S. Variation rules of fungal composition and maize quality of maize grains during storage[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2024. (in Chinese)
[35]	程思锐. 温度介导的伏马毒素生物合成调控新基因挖掘与鉴定[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2023.
	Cheng S R. Mining and identification of novel genes regulating temperature-mediated fumonisin biosynthesis[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2023. (in Chinese)
[36]	Liu N, Chen Y, Liu J, Su Q F, Zhao B, Sun M L, Jia H, Cao Z Y, Dong J G. Transcriptional differences between major Fusarium pathogens of maize, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum with different optimum growth temperatures[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 1030523. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030523
[37]	Czembor E, Frasiński S, Urbaniak M, Waśkiewicz A, Czembor J H, Stępień Ł. Fusarium species shifts in maize grain as a response to climatic changes in Poland[J]. Agriculture, 2024, 14(10): 1793. doi: 10.3390/agriculture14101793
[38]	Battilani P, Logrieco A F. Global risk maps for mycotoxins in wheat and maize[M]// LeslieJ F, LogriecoA F. MycotoxinReduction in Grain Chains.Wiley, 2014: 309-326.
[39]	Magan N, Medina A, Aldred D. Possible climate-change effects on mycotoxin contamination of food crops pre- and postharvest[J]. Plant Pathology, 2011, 60(1): 150-163. doi: 10.1111/ppa.2011.60.issue-1
[40]	Cambaza E, Koseki S, Kawamura S. Meta-analytic review on the impact of temperature and water activity in deoxynivalenol synthesis by Fusarium graminearum [J]. Food Research, 2018, 2(5): 443-446. doi: 10.26656/fr.2017.2(5).200
[41]	Lazzaro I, Susca A, Mulè G, Ritieni A, Ferracane R, Marocco A, Battilani P. Effects of temperature and water activity on FUM2 and FUM21 gene expression and fumonisin B production in Fusarium verticillioides [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012, 134(4): 685-695. doi: 10.1007/s10658-012-0045-y
[42]	Klich M A. Aspergillus flavus: The major producer of aflatoxin[J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2007, 8(6): 713-722. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00436.x pmid: 20507532
[43]	Cotty P J, Jaime-Garcia R. Influences of climate on aflatoxin producing fungi and aflatoxin contamination[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007, 119(1/2): 109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.060
[44]	王后苗, 廖伯寿. 农作物收获前黄曲霉毒素污染与控制措施[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(1): 1-9.
	Wang H M, Liao B S. Preharvest aflatoxin contamination in crops and its management[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2012, 38(1): 1-9. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00001
[45]	Qi Z H, Zhou X, Tian L, Zhang H Y, Cai L, Tang F. Distribution of mycotoxin-producing fungi across major rice production areas of China[J]. Food Control, 2022, 134: 108572. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108572
[46]	Pfordt A, Douanla-Meli C, Voll F, Schrader G, Schäfer B C, von Tiedemann A. Effect of temperature and precipitation on the occurrence of Trichoderma ear rot in Europe[J]. Phytopathology Research, 2026, 8(1): 11. doi: 10.1186/s42483-025-00396-4
[47]	Trillas M I, Segarra G, Avilés M. Is Trichoderma ear rot on maize really a new dangerous plant disease?[J]. Frontiers in Agronomy, 2024, 6: 1386568. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1386568
[48]	Pallavi K N, Prasannakumar M K, Karan R, Harish J, Mahesh H B, Kavya N, Balasundara D C, Vamsidharreddy N, Ayesha R N. Trichoderma ear rot: Insights into grain quality degradation, trichothecene risk and metabolic alterations in maize[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2025, 140: 102911. doi: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102911

镰孢菌种Fusarium species	引物名称Primer name	序列Sequence (5′-3')
禾谷镰孢F. graminearum	Fg16NF	ACAGATGACAAGATTCAGGCACA
禾谷镰孢F. graminearum	Fg16NR	TTCTTTGACATCTGTTCAACCCA
尖孢镰孢F. oxysporum	FoF1	ACATACCACTTGTTGCCTCG
尖孢镰孢F. oxysporum	FoR1	CGCCAATCAATTTGAGGAACG
拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides	VER1	CTTCCTGCGATGTTTCTCC
拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides	VER2	AATTGGCCATTGGTATTATATATCTA
层出镰孢F. proliferatum	PRO1	CTTTCCGCCAAGTTTCTTC
层出镰孢F. proliferatum	PRO2	TGTCAGTAACTCGACGTTGTTG
亚黏团镰孢F. subglutinans	SUB1	CTGTCGCTAACCTCTTTATCCA
亚黏团镰孢F. subglutinans	SUB2	CAGTATGGACGTTGGTATTATATCTAA
黄色镰孢F. culmorum	FcOlF	ATGGTGAACTCGTCCTGGC
黄色镰孢F. culmorum	FcOlR	CCCTTCTTACGCCAATCTCG

真菌种类Fungi species	2022	2023	2024	2025	总计Total
拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides	319	763	837	1142	3061
禾谷镰孢F. graminearum	89	175	170	215	649
层出镰孢F. proliferatum	52	69	51	13	185
尖孢镰孢F. oxysporum	22	29	21	21	93
黄色镰孢F. culmorum	3	—	—	—	3
青霉Penicillium	113	134	573	223	1043
黑曲霉A. niger	94	95	214	27	430
木霉Trichoderma	38	35	97	5	175
黄曲霉A. flavus	—	—	129	30	159
其他真菌Other fungi	—	—	70	17	87
总计Total	730	1300	2162	1693	5885

我国玉米籽粒的菌群构成及优势镰孢菌产毒能力分析

Analysis of the Fungal Community Composition in Maize Kernels and the Toxigenic Capacity of Dominant Fusarium Species in China

RichHTML

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 48

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	王晶, 李岗, 蔡晓雅, 庞璐瑶, 黄青滢, 林宝义, 孔海民, 郝跃, 任海英. 杨梅凋萎病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其防病机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1467-1479.
[2]	王仁卓, 李玥颖, 黄绍敏, 姜桂英, 张琦, 刘超麟, 杨锦, 王梦茹, 王贝贝, 刘芳, 郭斗斗, 介晓磊, 宋练, 刘世亮. 长期有机无机肥配施对潮土细菌群落结构、生态网络及关键物种的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(2): 354-367.
[3]	王峰, 常云妮, 吴志丹, 孙君, 江福英, 陈玉真, 余文权. 长期施氮对茶园土壤真菌多样性、功能类群及群落构建的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(2): 368-385.
[4]	周胜一, 李超, 于鑫冉, 吴凤芝, 潘凯. 菊芋秸秆生物炭对连作西瓜生长、枯萎病及土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(14): 3132-3146.
[5]	姚轶俊, 陈煜, 鞠兴荣, 王立峰. 基于MKN28/Caco-2串联模型的荞麦多酚差异吸收及其降脂机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(13): 2933-2945.
[6]	杨永建, 刘万茂, 孙颖, 路海东, Adnan Khan, 贾彪, 张世博. 平作双层覆盖对半湿润易旱区玉米籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(12): 2576-2590.
[7]	郭慧婷, 孙艳稳, 牛毅恒, 李亚鹏, 李建华, 徐明岗. 施肥显著改变中国北方农田土壤细菌多样性和优势菌群——Meta分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 114-128.
[8]	李学冯, 王慧, 张宁波, 金太花, 张淑二, 郑全胜, 陶家树, 李庆珂, 吕慎金, 李永洙. 饲养密度对琅琊鸡生产性能和短链脂肪酸含量及盲肠微生物差异功能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(17): 3544-3560.
[9]	王璐璐, 张名位, 叶佳敏, 张瑞芬, 邓梅. 沙田柚果肉可溶和不溶性膳食纤维对肠道菌群的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(20): 4119-4129.
[10]	赵文硕, 张金龙, 姚兆然, 宋宇琪, 吕顺, 刘迎雪, 袁聪聪, 孙雨航. 黄曲霉毒素B1对仔猪体内流感病毒复制、器官损伤和肠道菌群的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(20): 4145-4160.
[11]	柴海燕, 潘艺元, 白雪, 孟玲敏, 张伟, 吴宏斌, 王义生, 高月波, 贾娇, 苏前富. 蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(16): 3171-3181.
[12]	栗海鹏, 杜武焰, 吴涵茜, 张杰, 孟会生, 洪坚平, 徐明岗, 郝鲜俊, 高文俊. 不同有机肥对煤矿复垦区土壤养分及细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(16): 3207-3219.
[13]	桂翠林, 马亮, 王银莹, 谢富贵, 赵彩宏, 王文淼, 李鑫, 王青, 高夕全. 玉米镰孢菌复合病原茎腐病抗性种质资源鉴定及抗性基因挖掘[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(13): 2509-2524.
[14]	朱佐银, 赵含珂, 程海生, 韩梦怡, 裘知, 王杰, 周新丽, 杨俊花. 2021—2022年上海地区大米、玉米、大豆和面粉中多种真菌毒素混合污染特征和交互作用分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(12): 2454-2466.
[15]	于天一, 杨吉顺, 吴正锋, 张智猛, 沈浦, 郑永美, 李尚霞, 吴菊香, 孙棋棋, 吴月. 不同类型地膜对花生生长及根际细菌群落影响的比较分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(24): 4842-4853.