中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (20): 4119-4129.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.20.016

• 食品科学与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

沙田柚果肉可溶和不溶性膳食纤维对肠道菌群的影响

王璐璐1,2(), 张名位2, 叶佳敏2, 张瑞芬2, 邓梅2()   

  1. 1 仲恺农业工程学院,广州 510225
    2 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广州 510610
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26 接受日期:2024-07-25 出版日期:2024-10-16 发布日期:2024-10-24
  • 通信作者:
    邓梅,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 王璐璐,E-mail:1332376077@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金(32302089); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(32230085); 广东省特支计划本土创新团队项目(2019BT02N112); 广东省农业科学院中青年学科带头人培养计划(R2020PY-JG011)

Effects of Soluble and Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Shatianyu Pulp on Gut Microbiota

WANG LuLu1,2(), ZHANG MingWei2, YE JiaMin2, ZHANG RuiFen2, DENG Mei2()   

  1. 1 Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225
    2 Sericultura & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610
  • Received:2024-02-26 Accepted:2024-07-25 Published:2024-10-16 Online:2024-10-24

摘要:

【目的】探究沙田柚果肉可溶和不可溶膳食纤维(dietary fiber,DF)对肠道菌群调节作用的差异,旨在丰富果蔬DF调节肠道菌群的理论基础,为指导果蔬精准营养加工提供理论依据。【方法】采用体外粪便菌群酵解模型,分别酵解沙田柚可溶性DF(SDF)、不溶性DF(IDF)和总DF(TDF,即IDF和SDF按其在沙田柚中占比混合)24 h,采用气相色谱分析各酵解液中短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量,采用16S rRNA测序技术分析各酵解组粪便菌群结构,采用扫描电镜分析沙田柚DF微观结构及其酵解后的菌群附着状态,采用Pearson相关性分析探讨菌群相对丰度与酵解液SCFAs含量的相关性。【结果】沙田柚果肉IDF、SDF和TDF经粪便菌群酵解24 h均能提高酵解液中乙酸和丙酸含量,其中IDF和TDF组乙酸和丙酸含量显著高于SDF组,此外,IDF还能提高酵解液丁酸含量。经粪便菌群酵解24 h后,IDF和TDF组菌群结构在OTU水平上相近,但与SDF组明显不同。SDF组中大量杆状细菌聚集在其表面裂缝处,但IDF组中大量球形或椭球形细菌聚集在其表面缝隙和褶皱处。进一步LEfSe分析显示,SDF特异性诱导了Veillonellaceae、unclassified_k_norank_d_Bacteria、Butyricicoccus等菌群的富集,IDF特异性诱导了StreptococcusFaecalibacteriumParaprevotellaLachnospira等菌群的富集,而TDF则特异性诱导了Prevotellaunclassified_p_FirmicutesLactobacillusTuricibacter等菌群富集;此外,IDF组和TDF组特征菌群丰度与酵解液中SCFAs含量显著正相关。【结论】不同于传统观点认为IDF主要在促进肠道蠕动中发挥作用,沙田柚果肉IDF也是肠道菌群重要能量来源,其在调节肠道菌群产SCFAs方面效果优于沙田柚果肉SDF,是用于调节肠道微生态相关健康食品的潜在功能配料。

关键词: 沙田柚, 可溶性膳食纤维, 不溶性膳食纤维, 粪便菌群酵解, 肠道菌群, 短链脂肪酸

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber (DF) from Shatianyu (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) pulp on gut microbiota were explored, so as to enrich the theoretical basis of fruits and vegetables DF in regulating gut microbiota, therefore guiding their precision nutrition processing. 【Method】In vitro fecal microbiota fermentation model was used to ferment soluble DF (SDF), insoluble DF (IDF) and total DF (TDF, IDF and SDF mixed according to their proportion in Shatianyu) for 24 h, respectively. The content of SCFAs in each fermentation broth was analyzed by gas chromatography. The structure of fecal microbiota in each fermentation group was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Microstructure of Shatianyu DF and their microbial attachment status were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation among the relative abundance of bacteria and SCFAs content in fermentation broth.【Result】IDF, SDF and TDF in Shatianyu pulp all improved acetic and propionic acid content in fermentation broth. IDF and TDF group showed higher acetic and propionic acid content than those in SDF group, and IDF also improved butyric acid content. After 24 h-fermentation, IDF and TDF group showed similar microbial community composition on the OTU level, which was obviously different from those of SDF group. Many rod-shaped bacteria gathering in the cracks on SDF surface were observed, however, a large number of spherical or ellipsoidal bacteria gathering in the cracks and folds on IDF surface were found. LEfSe analysis revealed that SDF specifically induced the enrichment of Veillonellaceae, unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria and Butyricicoccus, while IDF specifically induced the blooming of Streptococcus, Faecalibacterium, Paraprevotella, Lachnospira, and TDF specifically induced the enri-chment of Prevotella, unclassified_p__Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Turicibacter. Furthermore, the abundance of characteristic microbes in IDF and TDF group was significantly positively correlated with SCFAs content in fermentation broth.【Conclusion】It was different from the traditional view that IDF mainly played a role in promoting intestinal motility, and Shatianyu pulp IDF was also an important energy source of gut microbiota, which was more effective in regulating gut microbiota producing SCFAs than those of SDF. Thus, Shatianyu pulp IDF was a potential functional ingredient of healthy food for improving intestinal microecology.

Key words: Shatianyu (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck), soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, fecal microbiota fermentation, gut microbiota, SCFAs