施肥显著改变中国北方农田土壤细菌多样性和优势菌群——Meta分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 114-128.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

施肥显著改变中国北方农田土壤细菌多样性和优势菌群——Meta分析

郭慧婷¹^,²^,³(), 孙艳稳¹^,²^,³, 牛毅恒¹^,²^,³, 李亚鹏¹^,²^,³, 李建华¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 徐明岗¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ 山西农业大学资源与环境学院，山西太谷 030801
² 山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院，太原 030031
³ 土壤健康山西省实验室，太原 030031

收稿日期:2025-02-20 接受日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-07
通信作者:
徐明岗，E-mail：xuminggang@sxau.edu.cn。
李建华，E-mail：lijianhua1@sxau.edu.cn
联系方式: 郭慧婷，E-mail：guoht3013011@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42407487); 国家自然科学基金(42477357); 山西省重大专项(202201140601028)

Fertilization Significantly Changed Soil Bacterial Diversity and Dominant Microbial Community in Croplands of Northern China—Meta Analysis

GUO HuiTing¹^,²^,³(), SUN YanWen¹^,²^,³, NIU YiHeng¹^,²^,³, LI YaPeng¹^,²^,³, LI JianHua¹^,²^,³^,^*(), XU MingGang¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
² Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031
³ Soil Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031

Received:2025-02-20 Accepted:2025-07-03 Published:2026-01-01 Online:2026-01-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确中国北方农田生态系统在不同自然因素、土壤属性和农田管理措施下，土壤细菌多样性和优势菌群对施肥措施的响应及驱动因素，为揭示施肥对土壤微生物群落结构的调控机制、提升土壤生物肥力、维持农田生态系统稳定性提供科学依据。【方法】从2014-2024年间已发表的50篇文献获得207组相对独立的细菌多样性及优势菌群的数据，采用整合分析（Meta-analysis）方法和随机森林模型从施肥措施、区域、气候、土壤pH水平、土壤SOC水平、作物种类和施氮量等方面定量分析施肥对中国北方农田土壤细菌多样性及优势菌群的影响。【结果】总体而言，施肥显著提高了土壤细菌OTU数量（5.6%）、Chao1指数（4.3%）、变形菌门相对丰度（5.3%），但显著降低了酸杆菌门（5.6%）和绿弯菌门相对丰度（10.4%）（P<0.05），对细菌Shannon指数无显著影响。在年均温≤10 ℃、年降雨>400 mm的地区，施肥显著提高土壤细菌OTU数量、Chao1指数及变形菌门相对丰度，但显著降低酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度（P<0.05）。碱性土壤及土壤起始有机碳（SOC）贫瘠（<12 g·kg^-1）条件下，施肥显著提高细菌OTU数量、Chao1指数；中性土壤及不同初始SOC条件下，施肥显著提高变形菌门相对丰度，但显著降低酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度。相较于种植小麦与其他作物，种植玉米时，施肥提高了细菌OTU数量（9.4%）、Chao1指数（6.4%）及变形菌门相对丰度（4.8%），但显著降低了酸杆菌门（7.4%）及绿弯菌门相对丰度（11.7%）（P<0.05）。施氮量>200 kg·hm^-2时，施肥显著提高细菌OTU数量、Chao1指数及变形菌门相对丰度，但显著降低酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度。土壤有机碳是影响土壤细菌OTU数量和细菌Shannon指数的主控因素，年降雨是影响细菌Chao1指数的主控因素，年均温是影响土壤细菌变形菌门、酸杆菌门相对丰度的主控因素，pH是影响土壤细菌绿弯菌门相对丰度的主控因素。【结论】建议在中国北方不同区域因地制宜地选择不同施肥措施，充分考虑当地自然因素、土壤属性和农田管理措施，实现科学施肥维持土壤细菌多样性，促进土壤健康。

关键词: 施肥措施, 土壤细菌, 优势菌群, 整合分析, 中国北方农田

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the response and driving factors of soil bacterial diversity and dominant microbial community to fertilization measures in farmland ecosystems in northern China under different natural factors, soil properties and farmland management measures, so as to provide a scientific basis for revealing the regulatory mechanism of fertilizer application on the structure of soil microbial communities, enhancing soil biological fertility, and maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystems. 【Method】In this study, 50 papers published between 2014 and 2024 were synthesized, 207 groups of relatively independent data on bacterial diversity and dominant community were obtained, and the effects of fertilizer application on soil bacterial diversity and dominant microbial community in agricultural fields in northern China from fertilizer application measures, region, climate, soil pH level, soil SOC level, crop species, and nitrogen application were quantitatively analyzed by using the meta-analysis method and the randomized forest model.【Result】In general, fertilization significantly enhanced the number of soil bacterial OTUs (5.6%), Chao1 index (4.3%), and the relative abundance of Ascomycota (5.3%), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriaceae (-5.6%) and Greenbenders (-10.4%) (P<0.05), but there was no significant effect on the bacterial Shannon's index. In those areas with mean annual temperature <10 ℃and annual rainfall >400 mm, fertilization significantly enhanced the number of soil bacterial OTUs, Chao1 index and Ascomycota, but significantly decreased the Acidobacteria phylum and Green Benders phylum (P<0.05). In alkaline soil and soil poor in starting organic carbon (SOC) (<12 g·kg^-1), fertilization significantly increased the number of bacterial OTUs and Chao1 index; in neutral soil and different initial SOC, fertilization significantly increased the relative abundance of Aspergillus phylum, but decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacterium phylum and Greenscope phylum. Compared with wheat and other crops, fertilizer application increased the number of bacterial OTUs (9.4%), Chao1 index (6.4%), and relative abundance of Ascomycota (4.8%), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria (7.4%) and Greencurvata (11.7%) in maize (P<0.05); fertilization significantly increased the number of bacterial OTUs and Chao1 index (6.4%), and relative abundance of Aspergillus species (4.8%) in Nitrogen application >200 kg·hm^-2. Nitrogen application at >200 kg·hm^-2significantly increased the number of bacterial OTUs, Chao1 index and relative abundance of Ascomycetes, while significantly decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Green Benders. Soil organic carbon was the main controlling factor affecting the number of soil bacterial OTU and bacterial Shannon index, annual rainfall was the main controlling factor affecting bacterial Chao1 index, annual mean temperature was the main controlling factor affecting soil bacterial Aspergillus and Acidobacteria phylum, and pH was the main controlling factor affecting soil bacterial Green Benders phylum.【Conclusion】It was recommended that in different regions of northern China, different fertilization measures should be selected according to local conditions, taking into full consideration of local natural factors, soil properties and farmland management measures, so as to achieve the scientific fertilization to maintain soil bacterial diversity and promote soil health.

Key words: fertilization measures, soil bacteria, dominant microbial community, Meta-analysis, croplands of northern China

郭慧婷, 孙艳稳, 牛毅恒, 李亚鹏, 李建华, 徐明岗. 施肥显著改变中国北方农田土壤细菌多样性和优势菌群——Meta分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 114-128.

GUO HuiTing, SUN YanWen, NIU YiHeng, LI YaPeng, LI JianHua, XU MingGang. Fertilization Significantly Changed Soil Bacterial Diversity and Dominant Microbial Community in Croplands of Northern China—Meta Analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 114-128.

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施肥显著改变中国北方农田土壤细菌多样性和优势菌群——Meta分析

Fertilization Significantly Changed Soil Bacterial Diversity and Dominant Microbial Community in Croplands of Northern China—Meta Analysis

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