饲养密度对琅琊鸡生产性能和短链脂肪酸含量及盲肠微生物差异功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.014

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (17): 3544-3560.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.014

饲养密度对琅琊鸡生产性能和短链脂肪酸含量及盲肠微生物差异功能的影响

李学冯¹^,⁴(), 王慧¹, 张宁波¹, 金太花¹, 张淑二², 郑全胜³, 陶家树², 李庆珂, 吕慎金¹^,^*(), 李永洙¹^,^*()

¹ 临沂大学农林科学学院，山东临沂 276000
² 山东省畜牧总站，山东济南 250100
³ 山东琅琊鸡种业有限公司，山东临沂 276000
⁴ 山东兰山沂蒙鸡科技小院，山东临沂 276000

收稿日期:2025-03-09 接受日期:2025-06-16 出版日期:2025-09-01 发布日期:2025-09-03
通信作者:
吕慎金，E-mail：lvshenjin@lyu.edu.cn。
李永洙，E-mail：liyongzhu@lyu.edu.cn
联系方式: 李学冯，E-mail：15168956251@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31802105); 2022年临沂大学“雁阵式”高水平学科-接续培育学科-畜牧学(51723007); 山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目重大项目(20186243)

Prediction and Analysis of Feeding Density on Production Performance, Cecal Flora Diversity, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Content and Microbial Differential Function of Langya Chickens

LI XueFeng¹^,⁴(), WANG Hui¹, ZHANG NingBo¹, JIN TaiHua¹, ZHANG ShuEr², ZHENG QuanSheng³, TAO JiaShu², LI QingKe, LÜ ShenJin¹^,^*(), LI YongZhu¹^,^*()

¹ College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong
² Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry Station, Jinan 250100
³ Shandong Langya Chicken Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, Shandong
⁴ Shandong Lanshan Yimeng Chicken Science and Technology Courtyard, Linyi 276000, Shandong

Received:2025-03-09 Accepted:2025-06-16 Published:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在相同饲养条件、不同饲养密度下探索琅琊鸡盲肠菌群多样性、短链脂肪酸以及微生物功能差异性，为琅琊鸡健康养殖提供理论依据。【方法】研究采用单因子试验设计，试验选用450只体重相似（P>0.05）的20周末琅琊鸡母鸡，设3个处理，每个处理15个重复，每个重复10只，随机放入低饲养密度540 cm²/只（L）、中饲养密度450 cm²/只（I）、高饲养密度360 cm²/只（H）的全封闭式鸡舍立体三层阶梯单笼养条件下饲养，分别在23周末（A）、43周末（B）时随机选取各3只称重，随后屠宰收集盲肠内容物，采用Illumina MiSeq技术检测盲肠菌群多样性，用气相色谱法测定其短链脂肪酸含量。【结果】（1）23周末AL组日增重、平均蛋重、日产蛋量和料蛋比显著高于AH组（P<0.05），AL组产蛋率显著高于AI组（P<0.05），AI组产蛋率显著高于AH组（P<0.05），且AL组产蛋率极显著高于AH组（P<0.01）；43周末BL组体重、日增重、平均蛋重、日产蛋量和料蛋比显著高于BH组（P<0.05），BL组产蛋率显著高于BI组（P<0.05），BI组产蛋率显著高于BH组（P<0.05），BL组产蛋率极显著高于BH组（P<0.01）。（2）在门水平上，AH组Bacteroidota显著高于AI组（P<0.05）；BH组Firmicutes显著高于BI组和BL组（P<0.05）。在属水平上，AL组Prevotellaceae_UCG-003显著高于AH组（P<0.05）、极显著高于AI组（P<0.01），并且AL组Alloprevotella显著高于AI组（P<0.05）；BH组Blautia、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group、UCG-002和Ruminococcus显著高于BL组（P<0.05）；BI组Oscillibacter和Intestinimonas显著高于BL组（P<0.05）。（3）23周末时AL组和AI组乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸和戊酸显著高于AH组（P<0.05）。43周末时，BI和BH组丙酸显著高于BL组（P<0.05）；BI组异丁酸和戊酸显著高于BL组（P<0.05）；（4）KEGG代谢通路和16S功能预测数据库对比发现，相比于中饲养密度组和高饲养密度组，低饲养密度组在能量代谢、细胞生长、内分泌系统、蛋白质折叠及相关加工和长寿调节通路等通路显著富集。【结论】不同饲养密度影响20-43周末期间琅琊鸡的生产性能、盲肠菌群多样性和结构的组成，在低饲养密度中琅琊鸡生产性能提高、盲肠菌群多样性及其发酵产物SCFAs含量增加，KEGG通路中能量代谢、细胞生长、内分泌系统、蛋白质折叠及相关加工和长寿调节等通路显著富集。

关键词: 琅琊鸡, 体重, 盲肠菌群, 多样性, 短链脂肪酸

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment aimed to investigate the differences in cecal microbiota diversity, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and microbial functional profiles of Langya hens under identical feeding conditions but varying stocking densities, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the healthy breeding of Langya chickens.【Method】A single-factor experimental design was employed. A total of 450 20-week-old Langya hens with similar body weights (P>0. 05) were selected and divided into three treatments: low stocking density (540 cm²/hen, L), medium stocking density (450 cm²/hen, I), and high stocking density (360cm²/hen, H). Each treatment included 15 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. At 23 weeks (A) and 43 weeks (B) of age, three birds per group were randomly selected for body weight measurement and euthanasia to collect cecal content. The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to analyze cecal microbiota diversity, and gas chromatography was applied to quantify SCFA concentrations.【Result】(1) At the end of the 23rd week, the daily weight gain, average egg weight, daily egg production and feed-to-egg ratio in the AL group were significantly higher than those in the AH group (P<0.05), the egg production rate in the AL group was significantly higher than that in the AI group (P<0.05), the egg production rate in the AI group was significantly higher than that in the AH group (P<0.05), and the egg production rate in the AL group was highly significant higher than that of the AH group (P<0.01); at the end of the 43rd week, the body weight, daily weight gain, average egg weight, daily egg production and feed-to-egg ratio in the BL group were significantly higher than those in the BH group (P<0.05), and the egg production rate in the BL group was significantly higher than those of the BI group (P<0.05), and the egg production rate of the BI group was significantly higher than those in the BH group (P<0.05). weight, daily weight gain, average egg weight, daily egg production and feed-to-egg ratio in the BL group were significantly higher than that in the BH group (P<0.05), the egg production rate was significantly higher in the BL group than in the BI group (P<0.05), the egg production rate in the BI group was significantly higher than that in the BH group (P<0.05), and the egg production rate in the BL group was highly significant than that in the BH group (P<0.01). (2) At the phylum level, Bacteroidota in group AH was significantly higher than that in group AI (P<0. 05), while Firmicutes in group BH was significantly higher than that in the BI and BL groups (P<0. 05). At the genus level, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in group AL was significantly higher than in AH (P<0. 05) and highly significantly higher than that in AI (P<0. 01). Alloprevotella in AL was significantly higher than in AI (P<0. 05). In group BH, Blautia, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, UCG-002, and Ruminococcus were significantly higher than that in BL group (P<0. 05). Oscillibacter and Intestinimonas in BI group were significantly higher than that in BL (P<0. 05). (3) At the end of 23 weeks, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in AL group and AI group were significantly higher than those in AH group (P<0.05). At the end of 43 weeks, propionic acid in BI and BH group was significantly higher than that in BL groups (P<0.05). Isobutyric acid and valeric acid in BI group were significantly higher than those in BL group (P<0.05). (4) Comparative analysis using KEGG metabolic pathways and 16S functional prediction revealed that the low-density group exhibited significant enrichment in pathways related to energy metabolism, cell growth, endocrine system, protein folding/processing, and longevity regulation compared to medium-and high-density groups.【Conclusion】Different stocking densities affected the production performance, cecal flora diversity and structure composition of Langya chickens during the 20-43 weekend. In the low stocking density, the production performance of Langya chickens was improved, the cecal flora diversity and the content of SCFAs in fermentation products were increased, and the pathways of energy metabolism, cell growth, endocrine system, protein folding chicken related processing and longevity regulation in KEGG pathway were significantly enriched.

Key words: Langya chicken, weight, cecal flora, diversity, short-chainfatty acids

李学冯, 王慧, 张宁波, 金太花, 张淑二, 郑全胜, 陶家树, 李庆珂, 吕慎金, 李永洙. 饲养密度对琅琊鸡生产性能和短链脂肪酸含量及盲肠微生物差异功能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(17): 3544-3560.

LI XueFeng, WANG Hui, ZHANG NingBo, JIN TaiHua, ZHANG ShuEr, ZHENG QuanSheng, TAO JiaShu, LI QingKe, LÜ ShenJin, LI YongZhu. Prediction and Analysis of Feeding Density on Production Performance, Cecal Flora Diversity, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Content and Microbial Differential Function of Langya Chickens[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(17): 3544-3560.

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原料组成 Ingredient	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾	含量 Content (%)
玉米 Corn	58.94	粗蛋白质 CP	16.50
大豆粕 Soybean meal	1.86	代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg)	12.82
麸皮 Rice bran	8.61	钙 Ca	3.36
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	5.00	总磷 TP	0.60
干酒糟及其可溶物 DDGS	10.00	有效磷 AP	0.44
石粉 Limestone	8.31	赖氨酸 Lys	0.79
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	5.00	蛋氨酸 Met	0.39
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.40	蛋+胱 Met+Sys	0.66
DL-蛋氨酸 Met	0.03	苏氨酸 Thr	0.59
盐(氯化钠) NaCl	0.30
L-赖氨酸硫酸盐70% L-lysine sulfate 70 %	0.50
70%氯化胆碱 70% Choline chloride	0.05
预混料 Premix¹⁾	1.00
合计 Total	100.00

周龄 Week- age	组别 Group	体重 Weight (g)	日增重 Daily gain	平均蛋重 average egg-weight (g)	日产蛋量 Daily egg production (g/只、日)	产蛋率 Laying rate (%)	采食量 Feed intake (g)	料蛋比 Feed-egg ratio
20	L	1215.24±15.27	—	29.76±3.54	0.84±0.05	2.82±0.42	110.89±6.87	—
	I	1231.18±21.54	—	28.52±2.86	0.73±0.04	2.58±0.37	109.45±3.58	—
	H	1226.62±31.63	—	29.34±4.18	0.80±0.07	2.74±0.62	110.24±4.35	—
	P	0.8742	—	0.9421	0.9367	0.7842	0.9248	—
23	AL	1587.66±26.51	17.70±0.16a	36.34±3.82a	8.09±1.04a	22.24±3.05a	123.27±6.62	15.23±2.14a
	AI	1528.23±20.86	14.14±0.59ab	35.28±5.75ab	6.53±1.28ab	18.52±2.42b	121.21±5.16	18.56±1.85b
	AH	1473.00±15.72	11.73±0.30b	34.61±7.24b	6.00±3.20b	17.34±1.86c	118.46±1.74	19.74±2.47b
	P	0.5748	0.0347	0.0426	0.0374	0.0235	0.8754	0.0407
43	BL	1844.73±18.25a	1.84±0.16a	45.52±1.87a	32.20±5.22a	70.74±5.23a	124.52±6.62	3.87±0.52a
	BI	1735.17±36.11ab	1.48±0.59ab	42.52±2.42ab	28.37±3.54ab	66.71±3.17b	122.74±5.16	4.32±0.47b
	BH	1645.36±28.19b	1.23±0.30b	40.43±2.74b	25.92±4.01b	64.13±4.12c	120.42±1.74	4.65±0.32b
	P	0.0347	0.0265	0.0342	0.0236	0.0410	0.8762	0.0405

组别Group	指数Shannon	指数Chao1	指数ACE	指数PD whole tree
AL	7.22	1051.94	1070.10	75.70
AI	6.97	986.77	994.75	77.45
AH	6.89	963.51	977.56	68.84
P value	0.904	0.879	0.887	0.865
BL	7.44	1286.10a	1293.29a	95.41a
BI	7.45	1155.05ab	1162.89ab	84.73ab
BH	7.13	1053.91b	1081.07b	77.86b
P	0.975	0.041	0.035	0.029

分组 Group	乙酸 Acetic acid	丙酸 Propionic acid	异丁酸 Isobutyric acid	丁酸 Butyric acid	异戊酸 Isovaleric acid	戊酸 Valeric acid
AL	1424.39a	722.11a	106.92a	306.54a	115.48	95.70a
AI	1594.38a	720.14a	101.10a	317.39a	111.37	95.22a
AH	1020.29b	512.45b	86.93b	193.09b	95.76	70.79b
P value	0.014	0.016	0.008	0.009	0.284	0.038
BL	1734.46	651.65b	77.52b	320.56	104.82	79.03b
BI	1794.30	784.67a	113.06a	335.94	109.71	110.43a
BH	1764.38	718.16a	95.29ab	328.25	107.27	94.73ab
P	0.925	0.042	0.024	0.946	0.937	0.035

饲养密度对琅琊鸡生产性能和短链脂肪酸含量及盲肠微生物差异功能的影响

Prediction and Analysis of Feeding Density on Production Performance, Cecal Flora Diversity, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Content and Microbial Differential Function of Langya Chickens

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