重要育种亲本川麦44对衍生品种的遗传贡献

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.20.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】小麦品种川麦44不仅本身具有高产、稳产、广适等特性,而且以其为亲本已选育审定新品种11个,是小麦育种的一个重要亲本。明确川麦44的遗传特性,鉴定其含有的重要基因或QTL位点,为更好地利用川麦44选育新品种提供理论支撑。【方法】利用荧光原位杂交明确小麦-外源易位对川麦44及其衍生品种的影响以及川麦44及其衍生品种在染色体层面的遗传规律。利用660K SNP芯片数据分析川麦44对其衍生品种的遗传贡献,明确衍生品种中来源于川麦44的高传递率区段。利用已知的小麦基因功能标记及QTL连锁标记,对川麦44中有利于育种的重要基因位点进行鉴定。【结果】细胞学鉴定表明川麦44不含四川小麦品种中常见的2条易位染色体6VS/6AL和1RS/1BL。其衍生品种中,仅昌麦32和昌麦34含1对1RS/1BL易位染色体,其余品种不含有小麦-外源易位染色体。系谱分析表明,昌麦32和昌麦34的易位染色体遗传自另外一个杂交亲本——昌麦19。1RS/1BL易位的导入可能是昌麦32和昌麦34表现为弱筋的原因之一。除了小麦-外源易位染色体,多个染色体的核型在川麦44及其10个衍生品种中表现出多态性。其中,4A染色体有2种类型,80%的衍生品种与川麦44相同核型相同;5A染色体有4种类型,与川麦44相同的频率为40%;6B染色体有2种类型,与川麦44相同的频率为40%,7B染色体有2种类型,与川麦44相同的频率为40%。660K SNP芯片分析共鉴定到1 106个分布于川麦44所有染色体上的高遗传率区段,平均长度为1.57 Mb。从基因组层面来看,B基因组的区段总长度和总数均最大。从不同染色体来看,区段最长的3条为别为4A、2B和5B,区段数最多的3条染色体分别为4A、2B和3B。利用61个已知的小麦基因功能标记及13个产量相关QTL连锁SNP标记分析川麦44及其衍生品种,再与之前获得的川麦44高传递率区段对比,发现有9个基因的标记和3个QTL位点标记锚定在川麦44高传递率区段内,这些基因被认为是潜在的川麦44高被选择基因。依据功能标记或连锁标记的等位类型推断,其中2个功能基因TaSdr、NAM-A1和3个QTL位点QTKW.sicau-2AS.1、QTKW.Sicau-4AL、QSL.sicau-5AL.2可能是川麦44携带的重要优势等位基因或位点,在培育衍生品种过程中被优先选择保留。5个基因或QTL位点分别对穗发芽、有效分蘖数、千粒重和穗长4个性状具有正向效应。【结论】重要育种亲本川麦44基因组片段在衍生品种中的长度短,具有较高的遗传配合力,易于与不同的同源染色体重组,不易导致连锁累赘问题。TaSd、NAM-A1、QTKW.sicau-2AS.1、QTKW.Sicau-4AL和QSL.sicau-5AL.2是利用川麦44育种的5个重要靶基因位点,可加强对其在分子标记辅助育种中应用。

关键词: 川麦44, 遗传贡献, 有益基因, QTL, 高传递率

Abstract:

【Objective】Common wheat variety Chuanmai 44 has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. Ten new varieties have been selected and approved in breeding program using Chuanmai 44 as parent. It indicates Chuanmai 44 is an important breeding parent. To clarify the genetic base of Chuanmai 44 as a vital parent in breeding exercise and identify important genes or QTL within it will be helpful in breeding new elite varieties using Chuanmai 44. 【Method】Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to Chuanmai 44 and its ten derived varieties to identify whether there were wheat-alien translocations, and to analyze the chromosome diversity among them. The 660K SNP array data of Chuanmai 44 and its derived varieties were used to calculate the genetic contribution of Chuanmai 44 to its derived varieties and clarify the high transmission genomic segments. Functional molecular markers within cloned genes and linked molecular markers for yield-related traits were used to identify important genes or QTL in Chuanmai 44 for breeding. 【Result】 Chuanmai 44 did not harbor the 6VS/6AL and 1RS/1BL translocation chromosomes which both frequently existed in wheat varieties in Sichuan. Only two out of its ten derivatives, Changmai 32 and Changmai 34, contained 1RS/1BL translocation, which is inherited from another parent Changmai 19. The existence of 1RS/1BL translocation in the two varieties may explain their weak gluten phenotype. Except wheat-relative translocation, the karyotypes of Chuanmai 44 and its 10 derivative varieties also showed polymorphisms on some chromosomes. For instance, there were two types of chromosome 4A among derivatives, and 80% of them showed the same as Chuanmai 44. Chromosomes 5A, 6B and 7B had 4, 2 and 2 karyotypes, respectively. These three chromosomes in the derivative population of Chuanmai 44 showed the same karyotype with Chuanmai 44 in a frequency of 40%. 660K SNP chip analysis identified 1127 genomic segments with high transmission frequency (>50%) within its derived varieties. These genomic segments located on all 21 chromosomes and their mean length was 1.57 Mb. B genome owned the most number and the largest length of the high transmission frequency segments. Chromosomes 4A, 2B and 5B were the three chromosomes with the longest high transmission frequency segments. Chromosomes 4A, 2B and 3B were the three chromosomes with the most number of high transmission frequency segments. Combing the genotype data of 61 functional markers of cloned wheat gene and 13 SNP markers linked with yield-related QTL and the distribution of Chuanmai 44 high transmission genomic regions, we discovered that there are 9 genes markers and 3 QTL markers are anchored in the high transmission rate section of Chuanmai 44. The twelve markers responding to two favorable alleles and three QTL, including TaSdr, NAM-A1, QTKW.sicau-2AS.1, QTKW.Sicau-4AL, QSL.sicau-5AL.2, which exhibited positive effect on preharvest sprouting resistance, effective tiller number, thousand grain weight and spike length, respectively. 【Conclusion】The length of genomic segments retained within its derived varieties was short. It suggested that Chuanmai 44 as a breeding parent had high genetic combining ability, and its chromosomes were easy to recombine with different homologous chromosomes in resulting hybrids, which is beneficial to reduce linkage drag. Therefore, it plays an important role as a skeleton parent in breeding excercise. TaSdr, NAM-A1, QTKW.sicau-2AS.1, QTKW.Sicau-4AL and QSL.sicau-5AL.2 were the important loci in Chuanmai 44, which should be widely used in further breeding program under molecular marker assisted selecting.

Key words: Chuanmai 44, genetic contribution, beneficial gene, QTL, high transmission rate

罗江陶,郑建敏,邓清燕,刘培勋,蒲宗君. 重要育种亲本川麦44对衍生品种的遗传贡献[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(20): 4255-4264.

LUO JiangTao,ZHENG JianMin,DENG QingYan,LIU PeiXun,PU ZongJun. The Genetic Contribution of the Important Breeding Parent Chuanmai 44 to Its Derivatives[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(20): 4255-4264.

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基因 Gene	功能标记 Function marker	染色体 Chromosome	物理位置 Physical location (Mb)	性状类型 Trait type	川麦44分型对应性状 Corresponding traits of Chuanmai 44	衍生品种与川麦44分型相同的频率 The frequency of derivatives has the same type as Chuanmai 44 (%)
Glu-B3	Glu-B3e_SNP	1B	6.44	品质相关 Quality related	含Glu-B3e Have Glu-B3e	100.00
Glu-B3	Glu-B3g_SNP	1B	6.44	品质相关 Quality related	含Glu-B3g Have Glu-B3g	70.00
TaCwi	TaCwi	2A	508.03	产量相关 Production related	低千粒重 Low thousand grain weight	90.00
GS5	GS5-2334-SNP	2A	729.29	产量相关 Production related	低千粒重 Low thousand grain weight	90.00
TaSdr	TaSdr-B1	2B	200.57	穗发芽相关 pre-harvest sprouting related	低穗发芽 Low pre-harvest sprouting	60.00
TaMFT	TaMFT_1617R	3A	7.29	穗发芽相关 pre-harvest sprouting related	穗发芽敏感 Pre-harvest sprouting sensitivity	100.00
Fhb1	Fhb1-1138	3B	8.54	抗病相关 Disease resistance related	不抗赤霉病 No fusarium head blight resistance	100.00
Fhb1	Fhb1-1432	3B	8.54	抗病相关 Disease resistance related	不抗赤霉病 No fusarium head blight resistance	100.00
NAM-A1	NAM-6A-SNP1	6A	77.10	品质相关 Quality related	有利等位型（A1d） Favorable allele (A1d)	90.00
NAM-A1	NAM-6A-SNP2	6A	77.10	品质相关 Quality related	有利等位型（A1d） Favorable allele (A1d)	90.00
GCP_DUP	GCP_DUP	6B	134.66	品质相关 Quality related	普通蛋白质含量 Normal protein content	100.00
Sus1-7B	Sus1-7B-2932IND	7B	68.34	产量相关 Production related	低千粒重 Low thousand grain weight	100.00

QTL名称 QTL name	SNP标记 SNP marker	染色体 Chromosome	物理位置 Physical location (Mb)	性状 Trait	川麦44有利位点 Favorable alleles of Chuanmai 44	8个衍生品种有利位点比例 Proportion of favorable sites for 8 derivative varieties (%)
QSL.sicau-1AL	AX_110408975	1A	590.99	穗长 Spike length	T	75.00
QTKW.sicau-1BL.1	AX_109849833 AX_111525685	1B	670.68 670.78	粒重 Kernel weight	T G	50.00 50.00
QTKW.sicau-1BL.2	AX_111471952	1B	681.68	粒重 Kernel weight	G	87.50
QTKW.sicau-2AS.1	AX_108781797 AX_111079592	2A	2.80 3.54	粒重 Kernel weight	G G	100.00 50.00
QSL.sicau-2AL	AX_110079477	2A	432.59	穗长 Spike length	T	100.00
QSL.sicau-4AS	AX_109296730	4A	68.16	穗长 Spike length	C	75.00
QTKW.sicau-4AL	AX_109993853	4A	538.15	粒重 Kernel weight	T	62.50
QSL.sicau-5AL.1	AX_109624254 AX_110717909	5A	595.71 595.95	穗长 Spike length	G C	100.00 100.00
QSL.sicau-5AL.2	AX_110521338	5A	621.94	穗长 Spike length	T	100.00