中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (11): 2171-2181.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.004
赵刚1,樊廷录2(),李兴茂1,张建军1,党翼1,李尚中1,王磊1,王淑英1,程万莉1,倪胜利1
收稿日期:
2019-09-23
接受日期:
2019-12-17
出版日期:
2020-06-01
发布日期:
2020-06-09
通讯作者:
樊廷录
作者简介:
赵刚,E-mail: 7635423@163.com。
基金资助:
ZHAO Gang1,FAN TingLu2(),LI XingMao1,ZHANG JianJun1,DANG Yi1,LI ShangZhong1,WANG Lei1,WANG ShuYing1,CHENG WanLi1,NI ShengLi1
Received:
2019-09-23
Accepted:
2019-12-17
Online:
2020-06-01
Published:
2020-06-09
Contact:
TingLu FAN
摘要:
【目的】明确旱作小麦宽幅条播方式与品种的交互作用,进一步提升产量和水分利用效率。【方法】在黄土高原旱作区,选取2个不同基因型品种,采用5个不同播种幅间距,二因素交互处理,在冬小麦不同生育期测定土壤水分、干物质积累量、透光率和产量,经过连续3年连续数据积累,分析不同幅间距的宽幅播种方式和不同株型品种互作对产量和水分利用的影响。【结果】冬小麦灌浆期品种间旗叶和底部位透光率均差异不显著,长6359秸秆+颖壳干物质运转量、运转率和贡献率均高于高秆品种陇鉴117;播种方式方面,幅间距缩小至18 cm时,旗叶部位透光率和干物质运转均高于普通条播;品种间全生育期耗水量差异不大,缩小幅间距至18 cm的宽幅播种,耗水量降低10.8 mm,水分利用效率提高8.91%;不同基因型冬小麦产量差异不显著,长6359和陇鉴117分别通过扩大库容和提高单位面积穗数达到增产目的,品种和幅间距二因素互作对产量影响差异不显著,宽幅播种调节幅间距均能适应不同基因型冬小麦品种,幅间距缩小至18 cm时产量增加139.2 kg·hm -2。【结论】旱作冬小麦采用宽幅播种,幅间距为18 cm时,配套不同基因型冬小麦,产量和水分利用效率均可提高,耗水量无显著增加,为区域冬小麦宽幅播种技术配套新品种提供理论依据。
赵刚,樊廷录,李兴茂,张建军,党翼,李尚中,王磊,王淑英,程万莉,倪胜利. 宽幅播种旱作冬小麦幅间距与基因型对产量和 水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181.
ZHAO Gang,FAN TingLu,LI XingMao,ZHANG JianJun,DANG Yi,LI ShangZhong,WANG Lei,WANG ShuYing,CHENG WanLi,NI ShengLi. Effects of Wide-Range Distance and Genotype on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181.
表1
冬小麦生育期降水情况"
年份 Year | 一月 Jan. | 二月 Feb. | 三月 Mar. | 四月 Apr. | 五月 May | 六月 Jun. | 七月 Jul. | 八月 Aug. | 九月 Sep. | 十月 Otc. | 十一月 Nov. | 十二月 Dec. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.3 | 39.7 | 55.1 | 0.0 |
2016 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.6 | 31.0 | 44.8 | 75.5 | 105.2 | 48.0 | 28.8 | 46.7 | 0.0 | 9.6 |
2017 | 0.0 | 14.2 | 51.7 | 19.5 | 62.1 | 102 | 63.6 | 211.3 | 13.3 | 109.9 | 0.0 | 10.5 |
2018 | 15.0 | 8.0 | 15.5 | 49.7 | 80.2 | 80.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
表2
品种和播种方式对冬小麦干物质运转的影响"
品种 Variety | 幅间距 Wide-range distance | 运转量 Amount of translocation (g/plant) | 运转率 Translocation rate (%) | 贡献率 Contribution ratio (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
颖壳 Glume | 秸秆 Stem | 秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume | 颖壳 Glume | 秸秆 Stem | 秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume | 颖壳 Glume | 秸秆 Stem | 秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume | ||
陇鉴117 LJ117 | CK | 0.08b | 0.49a | 0.57a | 24.84b | 36.69a | 34.32a | 8.51b | 50.32a | 58.83a |
M25 | 0.12a | 0.37b | 0.49b | 38.94a | 29.46c | 31.31bc | 11.88a | 37.24c | 49.12c | |
M30 | 0.08b | 0.46a | 0.54a | 24.28b | 34.69b | 32.58b | 7.95c | 44.66b | 52.61b | |
M18 | 0.05c | 0.47a | 0.52ab | 16.30c | 33.68bc | 30.38c | 5.09d | 44.76b | 49.85c | |
M0 | 0.04c | 0.33b | 0.36c | 12.64d | 26.60d | 24.03d | 3.39e | 31.66d | 35.05d | |
长6359 C6359 | CK | 0.06b | 0.54b | 0.60b | 15.33b | 35.53b | 31.30c | 5.25b | 45.98b | 51.23c |
M25 | 0.09a | 0.37c | 0.46c | 21.55a | 26.18d | 25.12d | 7.97a | 32.74c | 40.72e | |
M30 | 0.06b | 0.67a | 0.73a | 15.58b | 42.22a | 37.14a | 5.17b | 59.41a | 64.58a | |
M18 | 0.05bc | 0.60a | 0.65b | 13.95c | 36.59b | 32.19bc | 5.15b | 56.1a | 61.26b | |
M0 | 0.04c | 0.48b | 0.51c | 10.27d | 32.64c | 28.06d | 3.62c | 44.75b | 48.37cd |
表3
品种和播种方式对冬小麦收获期土壤贮水量和生育期土壤耗水的影响"
品种 Variety | 幅间距 Wide-range distance | 收获土壤贮水量(0—200 cm) Soil water storage of harvest (0-200 cm) | 土壤耗水量 Soil water loss | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | ||
陇鉴117 LJ117 | CK | 263.3a | 301.5a | 329.3a | 72.5a | 53.3b | 123.9b |
M25 | 272.1a | 287.5a | 316.7a | 63.6c | 66.3a | 136.4a | |
M30 | 272.0a | 304.3a | 330.2a | 63.7c | 49.5b | 122.9b | |
M18 | 271.3a | 297.4a | 331.7a | 64.4c | 51.4b | 121.5b | |
M0 | 266.8a | 292.3a | 336.8a | 68.9b | 61.5a | 116.4c | |
长6359 C6359 | CK | 258.6a | 304.0a | 342.4a | 77.1a | 49.8c | 110.8ab |
M25 | 269.3a | 304.5a | 335.0a | 66.4b | 49.2c | 118.2a | |
M30 | 262.6a | 296.5a | 347.1a | 73.2a | 57.3b | 106.1b | |
M18 | 271.3a | 297.8a | 359.0a | 64.4b | 56.0b | 94.2c | |
M0 | 278.0a | 281.2a | 342.5a | 57.8c | 72.6a | 110.7ab |
表4
品种和播种方式对冬小麦产量三因素的影响"
品种 Variety | 幅间距 Wide-range distance | 穗粒数Grains per spike | 穗数Spike number (×104 plants/hm2) | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Mean | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Mean | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Mean | ||
陇鉴117 LJ117 | CK | 34.1b | 31.6a | 33.3a | 33.0a | 570.0b | 435.0c | 511.0a | 505.3b | 35.7a | 28.7a | 38.1a | 34.2a |
M25 | 37.7a | 31.3a | 33.8a | 34.3a | 598.5ab | 484.5a | 509.0a | 530.7a | 36.9a | 28.1a | 37.0a | 34.0a | |
M30 | 33.1b | 29.5b | 32.4ab | 31.7b | 604.5ab | 448.5bc | 446.0b | 499.7b | 36.8a | 27.0a | 37.0a | 33.6a | |
M18 | 35.5ab | 30.5ab | 30.2b | 32.1ab | 636.0a | 466.5ab | 442.0b | 514.8a | 36.4a | 27.8a | 38.1a | 34.1a | |
M0 | 35.0ab | 31.8a | 30.5b | 32.4ab | 610.5ab | 454.5bc | 512.2a | 525.7a | 36.6a | 28.0a | 37.6a | 34.1a | |
长6359 C6359 | CK | 29.5b | 28.9a | 39.3a | 32.6a | 607.5a | 294.0b | 417.0b | 439.5c | 45.1a | 33.5a | 40.8a | 39.8a |
M25 | 32.1a | 29.3a | 36.6b | 32.7a | 505.5c | 436.5a | 323.3d | 421.8c | 44.2a | 32.3a | 40.3a | 38.9a | |
M30 | 32.0a | 27.8a | 37.0ab | 32.3a | 561.0ab | 436.5a | 377.7c | 458.4b | 45.2a | 31.9a | 40.8a | 39.3a | |
M18 | 29.6b | 29.7a | 35.7b | 31.7a | 585.0ab | 451.5a | 438.4a | 491.6a | 44.6a | 33.5a | 39.5a | 39.2a | |
M0 | 31.9ab | 28.4a | 34.6b | 31.6a | 552.0bc | 433.5a | 414.4b | 466.6b | 43.5a | 32.9a | 41.7a | 39.4a |
表5
品种和播种方式对产量和水分利用效率的影响"
品种 Variety | 幅间距 Wide-range distance | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 耗水量 ET (mm) | 水分利用效率 WUE (kg·mm-1·hm-2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | ||
陇鉴117 LJ117 | CK | 4705.3bc | 1850.8a | 3442.2a | 341.3a | 355.6ab | 498.3ab | 13.77bc | 5.20a | 6.90a |
M25 | 4757.0b | 1742.9ab | 2951.3b | 332.8a | 372.9a | 516.5a | 14.29b | 4.67ab | 5.72b | |
M30 | 4457.1c | 1590.1ab | 2769.4b | 332.1a | 348.5b | 495.3b | 13.39c | 4.47ab | 5.59b | |
M18 | 5302.7a | 1749.4ab | 3333.6a | 333.6a | 363.6ab | 460.9c | 15.89a | 4.82b | 7.23a | |
M0 | 4547.4bc | 1494.0b | 2909.1b | 338.2a | 368.2a | 496.4b | 13.45c | 4.06b | 5.86b | |
长6359 C6359 | CK | 4452.2bc | 2024.6ab | 3423.2a | 346.2a | 356.6b | 490.1a | 12.85c | 5.68a | 6.98a |
M25 | 4683.1b | 1531.3c | 2406.5d | 335.9a | 355.7b | 497.2a | 13.95b | 4.30b | 4.83c | |
M30 | 4552.5bc | 1750.8bc | 2245.6d | 342.5a | 363.9b | 486.3b | 13.30bc | 4.81ab | 4.62c | |
M18 | 5197.4a | 2117.2a | 3033.0b | 333.6a | 371.6b | 463.6b | 15.58a | 5.78a | 6.54a | |
M0 | 4351.3c | 1848.9abc | 2691.3c | 327.5a | 391.6a | 490.0a | 13.31bc | 4.88ab | 5.49b |
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