宽幅播种旱作冬小麦幅间距与基因型对产量和 水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确旱作小麦宽幅条播方式与品种的交互作用,进一步提升产量和水分利用效率。【方法】在黄土高原旱作区,选取2个不同基因型品种,采用5个不同播种幅间距,二因素交互处理,在冬小麦不同生育期测定土壤水分、干物质积累量、透光率和产量,经过连续3年连续数据积累,分析不同幅间距的宽幅播种方式和不同株型品种互作对产量和水分利用的影响。【结果】冬小麦灌浆期品种间旗叶和底部位透光率均差异不显著,长6359秸秆+颖壳干物质运转量、运转率和贡献率均高于高秆品种陇鉴117;播种方式方面,幅间距缩小至18 cm时,旗叶部位透光率和干物质运转均高于普通条播;品种间全生育期耗水量差异不大,缩小幅间距至18 cm的宽幅播种,耗水量降低10.8 mm,水分利用效率提高8.91%;不同基因型冬小麦产量差异不显著,长6359和陇鉴117分别通过扩大库容和提高单位面积穗数达到增产目的,品种和幅间距二因素互作对产量影响差异不显著,宽幅播种调节幅间距均能适应不同基因型冬小麦品种,幅间距缩小至18 cm时产量增加139.2 kg·hm ^-2。【结论】旱作冬小麦采用宽幅播种,幅间距为18 cm时,配套不同基因型冬小麦,产量和水分利用效率均可提高,耗水量无显著增加,为区域冬小麦宽幅播种技术配套新品种提供理论依据。

关键词: 旱作区, 幅间距, 冬小麦, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was carried out to clarify the interaction between wide range strip sowing and wheat cultivar, so as to improve the yield and water use efficiency. 【Method】 In this study, two different genotypes were selected in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau. Five different sowing spacing and two factor interaction were used to measure the soil moisture, dry matter accumulation, light transmittance and yield of winter wheat. After three consecutive years of data accumulation, the effects of different spacing of wide sowing and different plant type interaction on yield and water use were analyzed. 【Result】 There was no significant difference in light transmittance at flag leaf position and bottom of canopy between cultivars at filling stage. The transport capacity and contribution rate of straw and glume dry matter were higher in C6359 than that in Longjian 117, which was a tall wheat cultivar. Compared with conventional drilling sowing, the wide range sowing had high light transmittance at flag leaf position and dry matter transport when ranges spacing was 18 cm. There was no difference in water consumption during the whole growth stage between cultivars. When the width spacing was 18 cm, the water consumption decreased by 10.8 mm and water use efficiency increased by 8.91% compared with conventional drilling sowing. There was no significantly different in grain yield between wheat cultivars. The grain yield was increased by expanding the sink capacity in C6359 and by increasing the number of spikes per unit area in Longjian 117, respectively. The interaction of cultivar and width spacing had no significant effect on grain yield. The wide range strip sowing could adapted to different genotypes of winter wheat cultivars by adjust the range spacing. When the range spacing was 18 cm, the yield increases by 139.2 kg·hm ^-2 compared with conventional drilling sowing. 【Conclusion】 When the width range spacing was 18 cm, the yield and water use efficiency were increased in different genotypes of wheat winter cultivars. However, the water consumption was not significant increase. These results provided a theoretical basis for the winter wheat high-yield cultivation technology with new cultivars in loess dry plateau area

Key words: dry farming region, wide-range distance, winter wheat, yield, WUE

赵刚,樊廷录,李兴茂,张建军,党翼,李尚中,王磊,王淑英,程万莉,倪胜利. 宽幅播种旱作冬小麦幅间距与基因型对产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181.

ZHAO Gang,FAN TingLu,LI XingMao,ZHANG JianJun,DANG Yi,LI ShangZhong,WANG Lei,WANG ShuYing,CHENG WanLi,NI ShengLi. Effects of Wide-Range Distance and Genotype on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I11/2171

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年份 Year	一月 Jan.	二月 Feb.	三月 Mar.	四月 Apr.	五月 May	六月 Jun.	七月 Jul.	八月 Aug.	九月 Sep.	十月 Otc.	十一月 Nov.	十二月 Dec.
2015	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	12.3	39.7	55.1	0.0
2016	0.0	0.0	13.6	31.0	44.8	75.5	105.2	48.0	28.8	46.7	0.0	9.6
2017	0.0	14.2	51.7	19.5	62.1	102	63.6	211.3	13.3	109.9	0.0	10.5
2018	15.0	8.0	15.5	49.7	80.2	80.6	—	—	—	—	—	—

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	运转量 Amount of translocation (g/plant)			运转率 Translocation rate (%)			贡献率 Contribution ratio (%)
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	颖壳 Glume	秸秆 Stem	秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume	颖壳 Glume	秸秆 Stem	秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume	颖壳 Glume	秸秆 Stem	秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	0.08b	0.49a	0.57a	24.84b	36.69a	34.32a	8.51b	50.32a	58.83a
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	0.12a	0.37b	0.49b	38.94a	29.46c	31.31bc	11.88a	37.24c	49.12c
	M30	0.08b	0.46a	0.54a	24.28b	34.69b	32.58b	7.95c	44.66b	52.61b
	M18	0.05c	0.47a	0.52ab	16.30c	33.68bc	30.38c	5.09d	44.76b	49.85c
	M0	0.04c	0.33b	0.36c	12.64d	26.60d	24.03d	3.39e	31.66d	35.05d
长6359 C6359	CK	0.06b	0.54b	0.60b	15.33b	35.53b	31.30c	5.25b	45.98b	51.23c
长6359 C6359	M25	0.09a	0.37c	0.46c	21.55a	26.18d	25.12d	7.97a	32.74c	40.72e
	M30	0.06b	0.67a	0.73a	15.58b	42.22a	37.14a	5.17b	59.41a	64.58a
	M18	0.05bc	0.60a	0.65b	13.95c	36.59b	32.19bc	5.15b	56.1a	61.26b
	M0	0.04c	0.48b	0.51c	10.27d	32.64c	28.06d	3.62c	44.75b	48.37cd

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	收获土壤贮水量（0—200 cm） Soil water storage of harvest (0-200 cm)			土壤耗水量 Soil water loss
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	263.3a	301.5a	329.3a	72.5a	53.3b	123.9b
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	272.1a	287.5a	316.7a	63.6c	66.3a	136.4a
	M30	272.0a	304.3a	330.2a	63.7c	49.5b	122.9b
	M18	271.3a	297.4a	331.7a	64.4c	51.4b	121.5b
	M0	266.8a	292.3a	336.8a	68.9b	61.5a	116.4c
长6359 C6359	CK	258.6a	304.0a	342.4a	77.1a	49.8c	110.8ab
长6359 C6359	M25	269.3a	304.5a	335.0a	66.4b	49.2c	118.2a
	M30	262.6a	296.5a	347.1a	73.2a	57.3b	106.1b
	M18	271.3a	297.8a	359.0a	64.4b	56.0b	94.2c
	M0	278.0a	281.2a	342.5a	57.8c	72.6a	110.7ab

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	穗粒数Grains per spike				穗数Spike number (×10⁴plants/hm²)				千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	2016	2017	2018	Mean	2016	2017	2018	Mean	2016	2017	2018	Mean
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	34.1b	31.6a	33.3a	33.0a	570.0b	435.0c	511.0a	505.3b	35.7a	28.7a	38.1a	34.2a
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	37.7a	31.3a	33.8a	34.3a	598.5ab	484.5a	509.0a	530.7a	36.9a	28.1a	37.0a	34.0a
	M30	33.1b	29.5b	32.4ab	31.7b	604.5ab	448.5bc	446.0b	499.7b	36.8a	27.0a	37.0a	33.6a
	M18	35.5ab	30.5ab	30.2b	32.1ab	636.0a	466.5ab	442.0b	514.8a	36.4a	27.8a	38.1a	34.1a
	M0	35.0ab	31.8a	30.5b	32.4ab	610.5ab	454.5bc	512.2a	525.7a	36.6a	28.0a	37.6a	34.1a
长6359 C6359	CK	29.5b	28.9a	39.3a	32.6a	607.5a	294.0b	417.0b	439.5c	45.1a	33.5a	40.8a	39.8a
长6359 C6359	M25	32.1a	29.3a	36.6b	32.7a	505.5c	436.5a	323.3d	421.8c	44.2a	32.3a	40.3a	38.9a
	M30	32.0a	27.8a	37.0ab	32.3a	561.0ab	436.5a	377.7c	458.4b	45.2a	31.9a	40.8a	39.3a
	M18	29.6b	29.7a	35.7b	31.7a	585.0ab	451.5a	438.4a	491.6a	44.6a	33.5a	39.5a	39.2a
	M0	31.9ab	28.4a	34.6b	31.6a	552.0bc	433.5a	414.4b	466.6b	43.5a	32.9a	41.7a	39.4a

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)			耗水量 ET (mm)			水分利用效率 WUE (kg·mm^-1·hm^-2)
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	4705.3bc	1850.8a	3442.2a	341.3a	355.6ab	498.3ab	13.77bc	5.20a	6.90a
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	4757.0b	1742.9ab	2951.3b	332.8a	372.9a	516.5a	14.29b	4.67ab	5.72b
	M30	4457.1c	1590.1ab	2769.4b	332.1a	348.5b	495.3b	13.39c	4.47ab	5.59b
	M18	5302.7a	1749.4ab	3333.6a	333.6a	363.6ab	460.9c	15.89a	4.82b	7.23a
	M0	4547.4bc	1494.0b	2909.1b	338.2a	368.2a	496.4b	13.45c	4.06b	5.86b
长6359 C6359	CK	4452.2bc	2024.6ab	3423.2a	346.2a	356.6b	490.1a	12.85c	5.68a	6.98a
长6359 C6359	M25	4683.1b	1531.3c	2406.5d	335.9a	355.7b	497.2a	13.95b	4.30b	4.83c
	M30	4552.5bc	1750.8bc	2245.6d	342.5a	363.9b	486.3b	13.30bc	4.81ab	4.62c
	M18	5197.4a	2117.2a	3033.0b	333.6a	371.6b	463.6b	15.58a	5.78a	6.54a
	M0	4351.3c	1848.9abc	2691.3c	327.5a	391.6a	490.0a	13.31bc	4.88ab	5.49b