大葱和青甘韭种间杂种的获得及其特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 619-636.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.011

大葱和青甘韭种间杂种的获得及其特性

孙亚玲¹(), 王清华¹, 舒锐¹, 岳丽昕¹, 王振宝¹, 李朝霞¹, 高莉敏¹, 程鸿², 付在秋¹(), 霍雨猛¹()

¹ 山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室/山东省大宗露地蔬菜育种重点实验室，济南 250100
² 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-06-22 接受日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-01-31
通信作者:
霍雨猛，Tel：0531-66659215；E-mail：hmxj2001@163.com。
付在秋，E-mail：814880972@qq.com
联系方式: 孙亚玲，Tel：0531-66659215；E-mail：ylsun2022@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31672165); 国家自然科学基金(31201635); 济南市农业科技攻关项目(GG202404); 山东省农业科学院创新基金(CXGC2025B20); 山东省农业科学院创新基金(CXGC2025C08); 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024QC101)

Production and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids Between Allium fistulosum and Allium przewalskianum Regel

SUN YaLing¹(), WANG QingHua¹, SHU Rui¹, YUE LiXin¹, WANG ZhenBao¹, LI ZhaoXia¹, GAO LiMin¹, CHENG Hong², FU ZaiQiu¹(), HUO YuMeng¹()

¹ Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Jinan 250100
² Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2025-06-22 Accepted:2025-08-18 Published:2026-02-01 Online:2026-01-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过远缘杂交获得大葱与青甘韭的种间杂交种，分析杂交种的植物学特征，为葱属野生资源高效利用提供参考。【方法】以章丘大梧桐大葱和青甘韭为试材，对两亲本进行开花诱导和正反杂交，利用子房培养获得杂交种F₁植株；利用叶绿体基因组测序、流式细胞仪检测、核型分析、ITS分析和表型特征鉴定杂交种F₁的真伪；在苗期、营养生长期和抽薹开花期观察杂交种的植物学特征；调查花粉有无和自交鉴定分析杂交种植株的育性；通过感官评价分析产品的颜色、质地和味道，进而评估其作为一种新兴蔬菜的潜力；利用广泛靶向代谢组学分析杂交种与亲本的差异代谢物。【结果】大葱与青甘韭正反交成苗差异明显，正交组合子房正常膨大，反交组合子房不膨大，并萎蔫变干。正交组合授粉10 d后，子房停止膨大，逐渐变为灰白色，质地松软，干瘪死亡，而通过子房培养后获得F₁杂交种36株，产芽率为46.25%，成苗率为22.50%。杂交种F_1-16叶绿体基因组序列与母本大葱一致，为母性遗传，染色体荧光强度峰值位于两亲本之间，为32.90×10⁵，染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=16m（1SAT），属于1A型。ITS序列单倍型包含2种，分别与两亲本相同。开发了一个分子标记MAPI_1，检测结果显示，母本大葱仅有一条带，为124 bp，父本青甘韭仅有一条带，为289 bp，36株杂交种F₁均扩增出上述2条带。F₁杂交种植株具有明显的杂种优势，特别是分蘖数，平均为17.50个，且单分蘖群生物学产量为387.52 g，显著高于双亲。F₁杂交种均无花粉，表现为雄性不育，但可通过分蘖和气生鳞芽繁殖。代谢组分析检测两亲本及杂交种F_1-16代谢物共1 208种，F_1-16与两亲本均存在显著差异的代谢物153种，其中，比两亲本均上调代谢物97种，均下调代谢物56种，且产生新代谢物1种，为根皮苷（phloretin-2'-O-glucoside (phlorizin)），具有极高的医疗保健价值。【结论】利用子房培养技术获得章丘大梧桐大葱与青甘韭的种间杂交种F₁，F₁表现出明显的杂种优势——雄性不育；设计验证了一种鉴定远缘杂交种的分子标记开发方法。

关键词: 大葱, 青甘韭, 种间杂交种, 子房培养, 分子鉴定, 特征

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to obtain interspecific hybrid plants and analyze the botanical characteristics of hybrids between Zhangqiudawutong welsh onions (A. fistulosum) and Qingganjiu (A. przewalskianum Regel), so as to provide a basis for the efficient utilization of wild resources in the Allium genus. 【Method】 Taking Zhangqiudawutong welsh onion and Qingganjiu as experimental materials, flowering induction and reciprocal cross were conducted on both parents. Ovary cultivation technique was applied to obtain F₁ hybrid plants. The authenticity of hybrid F₁ was identified by means of chloroplast genome sequencing, flow cytometry detection, karyotype analysis, ITS analysis, and phenotypic characteristics. The botanical characteristics of hybrids were observed at the seedling stage, vegetative growth stage, and bolting-flowering stage. Their fertility was identified through observation and self-pollination. The color, texture and taste of the product were assessed via sensory assessment to determine its potential as an emerging vegetable. Differential metabolites between hybrid varieties and their parental lines were analyzed using widely-targeted metabolomics. 【Result】There was a significant difference in the seedling rates between reciprocal crosses of Zhangqiudawutong welsh onion and Qingganjiu. Ovaries from the cross of Zhangqiudawutong welsh onions (♀) × Qingganjiu (♂) expanded normally, whereas those from the reciprocal cross failed to expand and instead wilted and dried out. Ten days after pollination, natural ovaries ceased swelling, gradually turned grayish-white, became soft-textured, and eventually withered. Through ovary culture, 36 F₁ hybrid plants were obtained, with a germination rate of 46.25% and a seedling rate of 22.50%. The chloroplast genome sequence of hybrid F_1-16 was consistent with that of the maternal parent (Zhangqiudawutong welsh onion), indicating maternal inheritance of the cytoplasm. The peak of chromosome fluorescence intensity was 32.90×10⁵, which was between the two parents. The karyotype formula of chromosomes was 2n=2x=16=16m (1SAT), belonging to type 1A. The ITS sequence haplotypes included two types, which were identical to those of the two parents, respectively. The MAPI_1 molecular marker was developed, and the detection results showed that Zhangqiudawutong welsh onions (♀) had a single 124 bp band, while Qingganjiu (♂) had a single 289 bp band. Both bands were amplified in all 36 F₁ hybrid individuals. F₁ hybrid plants showed strong heterosis, with an average of 17.50 tillers per plant. Notably, their biomass yield reached 387.52 g per tiller group, which was significantly higher than that of their parents. All F₁ individuals were pollen-sterile, exhibiting male sterility, and propagated vegetatively via tillering and aerial bulbils instead. A total of 1 208 metabolites were detected in both parents and hybrid F_1-16,and 153 metabolites showed significant differences between F_1-16 and its parents. Among these, 97 metabolites were upregulated and 56 metabolites were downregulated in F_1-16 compared to the parents. Additionally, F_1-16 produced a novel metabolite, Phloretin-2'-O-glucoside (Phloreizin), which has extremely high medicinal and health value. 【Conclusion】Interspecific hybrid F₁ between Zhangqiudawutong and Qingganjiu was successfully obtained using ovary culture technology. F₁ exhibited obvious heterosis and male sterility. A method for developing molecular markers to identify distant hybrid species was designed and validated.

Key words: welsh onion (A. fistulosum), Qingganjiu (A. przewalskianum Regel), interspecific hybrids, ovary culture, molecular identification, characterization

孙亚玲, 王清华, 舒锐, 岳丽昕, 王振宝, 李朝霞, 高莉敏, 程鸿, 付在秋, 霍雨猛. 大葱和青甘韭种间杂种的获得及其特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(3): 619-636.

SUN YaLing, WANG QingHua, SHU Rui, YUE LiXin, WANG ZhenBao, LI ZhaoXia, GAO LiMin, CHENG Hong, FU ZaiQiu, HUO YuMeng. Production and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids Between Allium fistulosum and Allium przewalskianum Regel[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 619-636.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2026/V59/I3/619

图/表 15

图1

图2

表1

表2

图3

表3

图4

图5

图6

表4

图7

图8

图9

表5

图10

参考文献 92

[1]	LI Q Q, ZHOU S D, HE X J, YU Y, ZHANG Y C, WEI X Q. Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China. Annals of Botany, 2010, 106(5): 709-733. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq177
[2]	The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181(1): 1-20. doi: 10.1111/boj.2016.181.issue-1
[3]	岳丽昕, 王清华, 刘泽洲, 孔素萍, 高莉敏. 大葱雄性不育花药败育的形态学特征和细胞学研究. 中国蔬菜, 2023(9): 58-68.
	YUE L X, WANG Q H, LIU Z Z, KONG S P, GAO L M. Morphological characteristics of Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum L.) male sterile anther abortion and studies on cytology. China Vegetables, 2023(9): 58-68. (in Chinese)
[4]	FU X, XIE D F, ZHOU Y Y, CHENG R Y, ZHANG X Y, ZHOU S D, HE X J. Phylogeny and adaptive evolution of subgenus Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae, Allium) based on plastid genomes. BMC Plant Biology, 2023, 23(1): 70. doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03993-z
[5]	YANG J, KIM S H, GIL H Y, CHOI H J, KIM S C. New insights into the phylogenetic relationships among wild Onions (Allium, Amaryllidaceae), with special emphasis on the subgenera Anguinum and Rhizirideum, as revealed by plastomes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023, 14: 1124277. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124277
[6]	YAO B Q, DENG J M, LIU J Q. Variations between diploids and tetraploids of Allium przewalskianum, an important vegetable and/or condiment in the Himalayas. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2011, 8(4): 686-691. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.v8.4
[7]	朗杰, 王陆州, 关志华, 德庆措姆, 王忠红. 青甘韭花叶开发利用现状与营养品质分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2018, 19(1): 96-102. doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2018.01.011
	LANG J, WANG L Z, GUAN Z H, DEQING C M, WANG Z H. The development and utilization status and nutritional quality analysis of flower ＆ leaf of Allium przewalskianum Regel. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2018, 19(1): 96-102. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2018.01.011
[8]	中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志:第十四卷. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980.
	Editorial Committee of the Flora of China of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae: Volume 14. Beijing: Science Press, 1980. (in Chinese)
[9]	崔勰奎. 青甘韭的细胞和分子地理学研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2008.
	CUI X K. Cytogeography and molecular phylogeography of Allium przewalskianum Regel (Liliaceae)[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2008. (in Chinese)
[10]	姚步青. 盐芥和青甘韭表型可塑性研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2011.
	YAO B Q. Study on phenotypic plasticity of salt mustard and leek[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[11]	吴青君, 于毅, 谷希树, 刘峰, 宋敦伦, 魏国树, 贺敏, 刘长仲, 许国庆, 张友军. 韭菜根蛆的发生危害及综合防治技术研究——公益性行业(农业)科研专项“作物根蛆类害虫综合防治技术研究与示范”进展. 应用昆虫学报, 2016, 53(6): 1165-1173.
	WU Q J, YU Y, GU X S, LIU F, SONG D L, WEI G S, HE M, LIU C Z, XU G Q, ZHANG Y J. The occurrence of, and damage caused by, root maggots on Chinese chives and integrated management techniques to control these pests. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2016, 53(6): 1165-1173. (in Chinese)
[12]	BENKE A P, MAHAJAN V, MANJUNATHAGOWDA D C, MOKAT D N. Interspecific hybridization in Allium crops: status and prospectus. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2022, 69(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10722-021-01283-5
[13]	EMSWELLER S L, JONES H A. Meiosis in Allium fistulosum, Allium cepa, and their hybrid. Hilgardia, 1935, 9(5): 275-294.
[14]	EMSWELLER S L, JONES H A. An interspecific hybrid in Allium. Hilgardia, 1935, 9(5): 265-273.
[15]	YAMAMOTO M. Molecular cytogenetic and epigenetic components of crossing barriers and peculiar reproduction ability in Allium hybrids. The Nucleus, 2015, 58(3): 165-172. doi: 10.1007/s13237-015-0153-0
[16]	KIEŁKOWSKA A, ADAMUS A, GENETYKI K, NASIENNICTWA H. Morphological, cytological and molecular evaluation of interspecific F₁ (A. galanthum × A. cepa) hybrids. Biotechnologia, 2012, 2(89): 146-155.
[17]	YAMASHITA K, ARITA H, TASHIRO Y. Cytoplasm of a wild species, Allium galanthum Kar. et Kir., is useful for developing the male sterile line of A. fistulosum L. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1999, 68(4): 788-797.
[18]	CHUDA A, KŁOSOWSKA K, ADAMUS A. Morphological, cytological and embryological characterization of F₁ A. cepa × A. roylei Hybrids. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2015, 57(2): 98-105.
[19]	YANAGINO T, SUGAWARA E, WATANABE M, TAKAHATA Y. Production and characterization of an interspecific hybrid between leek and garlic. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 107(1): 1-5. pmid: 12835927
[20]	UMEHARA M, SUEYOSHI T, SHIMOMURA K, NAKAHARA T. Production of interspecific hybrids between Allium fistulosum L. and A. macrostemon Bunge through ovary culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2006, 87(3): 297-304. doi: 10.1007/s11240-006-9167-2
[21]	KELLER E R J, SCHUBERT I, FUCHS J, MEISTER A. Interspecific crosses of onion with distant Allium species and characterization of the presumed hybrids by means of flow cytometry, karyotype analysis and genomic in situ hybridization. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1996, 92(3): 417-424. doi: 10.1007/BF00223688
[22]	KHRUSTALEVA L I, KIK C. Introgression of Allium fistulosum into A. cepa mediated by A. roylei. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000, 100(1): 17-26. doi: 10.1007/s001220050003
[23]	ALBINI S M, JONES G H. Synaptonemal complex spreading in Allium cepa and Allium fistulosum: III. The F₁hybrid. Genome, 1990, 33(6): 854-866. doi: 10.1139/g90-129
[24]	PEFFLEY E B. Evidence for chromosomal differentiation of Allium fistulosum and A. cepa. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1986, 111(1): 126-129. doi: 10.21273/JASHS.111.1.126
[25]	PEFFLEY E B, MANGUM P D. Introgression of Allium fistulosum L. into Allium cepa L.:Cytogenetic evidence. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1990, 79(1): 113-118. doi: 10.1007/BF00223796
[26]	STEVENSON M, ARMSTRONG S J, FORD-LLOYD B V, JONES G H. Comparative analysis of crossover exchanges and Chiasmata in Allium cepa × fistulosum after genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Chromosome Research, 1998, 6(7): 567-574. doi: 10.1023/A:1009296826942
[27]	ULLOA-G M, CORGAN J N, DUNFORD M. Chromosome characteristics and behavior differences in Allium fistulosum L., A. cepa L., their F₁ hybrid, and selected backcross progeny. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1994, 89(5): 567-571. doi: 10.1007/BF00222449
[28]	ULLOA-G M, CORGAN J N, DUNFORD M. Evidence for nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility between Allium fistulosum and A. cepa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995, 90(5): 746-754. doi: 10.1007/BF00222143
[29]	DE VRIES J N, WIETSMA W A, DE VRIES T. Introgression of leaf blight resistance from Allium roylei Stearn into onion (A. cepa L.). Euphytica, 1992, 62(2): 127-133. doi: 10.1007/BF00037938
[30]	GALVÁN G A, WIETSMA W A, PUTRASEMEDJA S, PERMADI A H, KIK C. Screening for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) in Allium cepa and its wild relatives. Euphytica, 1997, 95(2): 173-178. doi: 10.1023/A:1002914225154
[31]	KHRUSTALEVA L, MARDINI M, KUDRYAVTSEVA N, ALIZHANOVA R, ROMANOV D, SOKOLOV P, MONAKHOS G. The power of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in interspecific breeding of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) resistant to downy mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.). Plants, 2019, 8(2): 36. doi: 10.3390/plants8020036
[32]	KIM S, KIM C W, CHOI M S, KIM S. Development of a simple PCR marker tagging the Allium roylei fragment harboring resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) in onion (Allium cepa L.). Euphytica, 2016, 208(3): 561-569. doi: 10.1007/s10681-015-1601-2
[33]	KOFOET A, KIK C, WIETSMA W A, DE VRIES J N. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.) from Allium roylei stearn in the backcross Allium cepa L. × (A. roylei ×A. cepa). Plant Breeding, 1990, 105(2): 144-149. doi: 10.1111/pbr.1990.105.issue-2
[34]	SCHOLTEN O E, VAN HEUSDEN A W, KHRUSTALEVA L I, BURGER-MEIJER K, MANK R A, ANTONISE R G C, HARREWIJN J L, VAN HAECKE W, OOST E H, PETERS R J, et al. The long and winding road leading to the successful introgression of downy mildew resistance into onion. Euphytica, 2007, 156(3): 345-353. doi: 10.1007/s10681-007-9383-9
[35]	SCHOLTEN O E, VAN KAAUWEN M P W, SHAHIN A, HENDRICKX P M, PAUL KEIZER L C, BURGER K, VAN HEUSDEN A W, VAN DER LINDEN C G, VOSMAN B. SNP-markers in Allium species to facilitate introgression breeding in onion. BMC Plant Biology, 2016, 16(1): 187. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0879-0
[36]	VAN DER MEER Q P, DE VRIES J N. An interspecific cross between Allium roylei Stearn and Allium cepa L., and its backcross to A. cepa. Euphytica, 1990, 47(1): 29-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00040359
[37]	VAN HEUSDEN A W, VAN OOIJEN J W, VRIELINK-VAN GINKEL R, VERBEEK W H J, WIETSMA W A, KIK C. A genetic map of an interspecific cross in Allium based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP^TM) markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000, 100(1): 118-126. doi: 10.1007/s001220050017
[38]	KHRUSTALEVA L I, KIK C. Cytogenetical studies in the bridge cross Allium cepa× (A. fistulosum×A. roylei). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998, 96(1): 8-14. doi: 10.1007/s001220050702
[39]	田保华, 梁毅, 陈丽, 王永勤, 裴雁曦. 洋葱大葱种间杂种鉴定方法建立与应用. 植物遗传资源学报, 2011, 12(4): 657-661. doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.04.029
	TIAN B H, LIANG Y, CHEN L, WANG Y Q, PEI Y X. Establishand applications of identification interspecific hybrids between onion and Welsh onion. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2011, 12(4): 657-661. (in Chinese)
[40]	王永勤, 田保华, 梁毅. 大葱和洋葱种间杂种的获得及其特性. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(10): 2115-2121. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.10.018.
	WANG Y Q, TIAN B H, LIANG Y. Production and characterization of interspecific hybrids between welsh onion and onion. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(10): 2115-2121. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.10.018. (in Chinese)
[41]	杨天慧, 魏佑营, 王超, 王馨笙, 刘莎莎, 段曦. 大葱、洋葱远缘杂交后代及其亲本挥发性成分分析. 山东农业科学, 2010(6): 35-39.
	YANG T H, WEI Y Y, WANG C, WANG X S, LIU S S, DUAN X. Analysis of volatile components in Welsh onion, onion and their interspecific hybridization progenies. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2010(6): 35-39. (in Chinese)
[42]	杨天慧, 魏佑营, 王馨笙, 刘莎莎, 段曦, 武文君. 大葱、洋葱远缘杂交后代植物学性状、品质研究. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 41(2): 181-185, 208.
	YANG T H, WEI Y Y, WANG X S, LIU S S, DUAN X, WU W J. Analysis of botanical characters and quality traits in the interspecific hybridization between welshonion and onion. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 41(2): 181-185, 208. (in Chinese)
[43]	FRIESEN N, FRITSCH R M, BLATTNER F R. Phylogeny and new intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso, 2006, 22(1): 372-395. doi: 10.5642/aliso
[44]	HUO Y M, GAO L M, LIU B J, YANG Y Y, KONG S P, SUN Y Q, YANG Y H, WU X. Complete chloroplast genome sequences of four Allium species: comparative and phylogenetic analyses. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9: 12250. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48708-x
[45]	KHASSANOV F O. Taxonomical and ethnobotanical aspects of Allium species from middle asia with particular reference to subgenus Allium// The Allium Genomes. Cham: Springer International Press, 2018: 11-21.
[46]	WHEELER E J, MASHAYEKHI S, MCNEAL D W, COLUMBUS J T, PIRES J C. Molecular systematics of Allium subgenus Amerallium (Amaryllidaceae) in North America. American Journal of Botany, 2013, 100(4): 701-711. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1200641
[47]	GAWEL N J, JARRET R L. A modified CTAB DNA extraction procedure for Musa and Ipomoea. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 1991, 9(3): 262-266. doi: 10.1007/BF02672076
[48]	CHEN S F, ZHOU Y Q, CHEN Y R, GU J. Fastp: An ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics, 2018, 34(17): i884-i890.
[49]	BANKEVICH A, NURK S, ANTIPOV D, GUREVICH A A, DVORKIN M, KULIKOV A S, LESIN V M, NIKOLENKO S I, PHAM S, PRJIBELSKI A D, et al. SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. Journal of Computational Biology, 2012, 19(5): 455-477. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021 pmid: 22506599
[50]	LANGMEAD B, SALZBERG S L. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nature Methods, 2012, 9(4): 357-359. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1923 pmid: 22388286
[51]	DANECEK P, BONFIELD J K, LIDDLE J, MARSHALL J, OHAN V, POLLARD M O, WHITWHAM A, KEANE T, MCCARTHY S A, DAVIES R M, et al. Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools. GigaScience, 2021, 10(2): giab008.
[52]	LARKIN M A, BLACKSHIELDS G, BROWN N P, CHENNA R, MCGETTIGAN P A, MCWILLIAM H, VALENTIN F, WALLACE I M, WILM A, LOPEZ R, et al. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 2007, 23(21): 2947-2948.
[53]	ROZAS J, FERRER-MATA A, SÁNCHEZ-DELBARRIO J C, GUIRAO-RICO S, LIBRADO P, RAMOS-ONSINS S E, SÁNCHEZ-GRACIA A. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2017, 34(12): 3299-3302. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msx248 pmid: 29029172
[54]	WATERHOUSE A M, PROCTER J B, MARTIN D M A, CLAMP M, BARTON G J. Jalview Version 2—a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench. Bioinformatics, 2009, 25(9): 1189-1191. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp033
[55]	UNTERGASSER A, CUTCUTACHE I, KORESSAAR T, YE J, FAIRCLOTH B C, REMM M, ROZEN S G. Primer3—new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Research, 2012, 40(15): e115. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks596
[56]	王海平, 李锡香. 葱种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008.
	WANG H P, LI X X. Descriptors and Data Standard for Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[57]	SINGH R J. Plant Cytogenetics (3rd). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2016.
[58]	LEVAN A, FREDGA K, SANDBERG A A. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 1964, 52(2): 201-220. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x
[59]	STEBBINS G L. Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. London: Edward Arnold Press. 1971: 12-150.
[60]	刘雪莹, 李君平, 范双喜, 韩莹琰. 不同品种叶用莴苣感官品质评价. 中国蔬菜, 2016(3): 26-30.
	LIU X Y, LI J P, FAN S X, HAN Y Y. Quality evaluation of different Lactuca sativa L.varieties by sensory organs. China Vegetables, 2016(3): 26-30. (in Chinese)
[61]	HERDEN T, HANELT P, FRIESEN N. Phylogeny of Allium L. subgenus Anguinum (G. Don. ex W.D.J. Koch) N.Friesen (Amaryllidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2016, 95: 79-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.004
[62]	ZHU S Y, TANG S W, TAN Z J, YU Y T, DAI Q Z, LIU T M. Comparative transcriptomics provide insight into the morphogenesis and evolution of fistular leaves in Allium. BMC Genomics, 2017, 18(1): 60. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3474-8
[63]	SHARMA B B, KALIA P, SINGH D, SHARMA T R. Introgression of black rot resistance from Brassica carinata to cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis group) through embryo rescue. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8: 1225. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01225
[64]	SHENG X G, BRANCA F, ZHAO Z Q, WANG J S, YU H F, SHEN Y S, GU H H. Identification of black rot resistance in a wild Brassica species and its potential transferability to cauliflower. Agronomy, 2020, 10(9): 1400. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10091400
[65]	原小燕, 符明联, 张云云, 刘珏, 铁朝良, 李燕, 王绍能. 油菜和甘芥杂交后代薹花期耐旱性鉴定. 中国油料作物学报, 2018, 40(1): 84-93.
	YUAN X Y, FU M L, ZHANG Y Y, LIU J, TIE C L, LI Y, WANG S N. Drought tolerance of rapeseed and hybrids of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea at budding and flowering periods. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2018, 40(1): 84-93. (in Chinese)
[66]	候林慧, 郑赟, 荣二花, 吴玉香. 陆地棉与瑟伯氏棉远缘杂交后代性状鉴定与遗传分析. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(12): 128-135. doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0539
	HOU L H, ZHENG Y, RONG E H, WU Y X. Character identification and genetic analysis of progeny from distant hybrid between Gossypium hirsutum and G. thurberi. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(12): 128-135. (in Chinese)
[67]	薛金燕, 刘益勇, 吴隽香, 徐照璨, 张宇, 成玉富, 杨旭. 栽培茄 (Solanum melongena L.)与喀西茄 (Solanum khasianum C.B.Clarke) F₁杂交种的获得与鉴定. 中国蔬菜, 2020, 1(10): 62-67.
	XUE J Y, LIU Y Y, WU J X, XU Z C, ZHANG Y, CHENG Y F, YANG X. Obtain and Identification of F₁ hybrid of Solanum melongena L. and Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke. China Vegetables, 2020, 1(10): 62-67. (in Chinese)
[68]	VAN DER VALK P, DE VRIES S E, EVERINK J T, VERSTAPPEN F, DE VRIES J N. Pre- and post-fertilization barriers to backcrossing the interspecific hybrid between Allium fistulosum L. and A. cepa L. with A. cepa. Euphytica, 1991, 53(3): 201-209. doi: 10.1007/BF00023272
[69]	孙亚玲, 李瑞平, 王振宝, 张庶, 刘冰江, 霍雨猛. 洋葱种子消毒和无菌苗培养新方法. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(4): 212-220. doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0983
	SUN Y L, LI R P, WANG Z B, ZHANG S, LIU B J, HUO Y M. A new method for onion seed disinfection and aseptic seedling culture. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(4): 212-220. (in Chinese)
[70]	CRYDER C M, CORGAN J N, URQUHART N S, CLASON D. Isozyme analysis of progeny derived from (Allium fistulosum × Allium cepa) × Allium cepa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1991, 82(3): 337-345. doi: 10.1007/BF02190620
[71]	GONZALEZ L G, FORD-LLOYD B V. Facilitation of wide-crossing through embryo rescue and pollen storage in interspecific hybridization of cultivated Allium species. Plant Breeding, 1987, 98(4): 318-322. doi: 10.1111/pbr.1987.98.issue-4
[72]	INADA I, ENDO M. Cytogenetic relationship between Allium fistulosum L. and A. schoenoprasum L.. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1999, 68(5): 960-966.
[73]	HUANG J B, YANG L, YANG L, WU X Y, CUI X S, ZHANG L L, HUI J Y, ZHAO Y M, YANG H M, LIU S J, et al. Stigma receptors control intraspecies and interspecies barriers in Brassicaceae. Nature, 2023, 614(7947): 303-308. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05640-x
[74]	BALDWIN B G, SANDERSON M J, PORTER J M, WOJCIECHOWSKI M F, CAMPBELL C S, DONOGHUE M J. The ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA: A valuable source of evidence on angiosperm phylogeny. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1995, 82(2): 247-277. doi: 10.2307/2399880
[75]	ABUGALIEVA S, VOLKOVA L, GENIEVSKAYA Y, IVASCHENKO A, KOTUKHOV Y, SAKAUOVA G, TURUSPEKOV Y. Taxonomic assessment of Allium species from Kazakhstan based on ITS and matK markers. BMC Plant Biology, 2017, 17(2): 258. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-1194-0
[76]	DUBOUZET J G, SHINODA K. Relationships among old and new world Alliums according to ITS DNA sequence analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999, 98(3): 422-433. doi: 10.1007/s001220051088
[77]	GURUSHIDZE M, MASHAYEKHI S, BLATTNER F R, FRIESEN N, FRITSCH R M. Phylogenetic relationships of wild and cultivated species of Allium section Cepa inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequence analysis. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2007, 269(3): 259-269. doi: 10.1007/s00606-007-0596-0
[78]	MES T H, FRITSCH R M, POLLNER S, BACHMANN K. Evolution of the chloroplast genome and polymorphic ITS regions in Allium subg. Melanocrommyum. Genome, 1999, 42(2): 237-247.
[79]	GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ A, OYAMA K. Leaf morphometric variation in Quercus affinis and Q. laurina (Fagaceae), two hybridizing Mexican red oaks. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147(4): 427-435. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00394.x
[80]	SONG Y G, DENG M, HIPP A L, LI Q S. Leaf morphological evidence of natural hybridization between two oak species (Quercusaus trocochinchinensis and Q. kerrii) and its implications for conservation management. European Journal of Forest Research, 2015, 134(1): 139-151. doi: 10.1007/s10342-014-0839-x
[81]	WIEGAND K M. A taxonomist’s experience with hybrids in the wild. Science, 1935, 81(2094): 161-166. doi: 10.1126/science.81.2094.161
[82]	邓衍明, 贾新平, 梁丽建. 观赏植物远缘杂交后代的鉴定方法. 核农学报, 2016, 30(7): 1308-1315. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.07.1308
	DENG Y M, JIA X P, LIANG L J. Identification methods of hybridity in ornamental plants distant hybridization. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 30(7): 1308-1315. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.07.1308
[83]	LU C C, CURRAH L, PEFFLEY E B. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in diploid Allium fistulosum × A. cepa F₁ hybrid onions. Plant Cell Reports, 1989, 7(8): 696-700. doi: 10.1007/BF00272064
[84]	BASTAKI S M A, OJHA S, KALASZ H, ADEGHATE E. Chemical constituents and medicinal properties of Allium species. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2021, 476(12): 4301-4321. doi: 10.1007/s11010-021-04213-2
[85]	LIAO N Q, HU Z Y, MIAO J S, HU X D, LYU X L, FANG H T, ZHOU Y M, MAHMOUD A, DENG G C, MENG Y Q, et al. Chromosome-level genome assembly of bunching onion illuminates genome evolution and flavor formation in Allium crops. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 6690. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34491-3
[86]	LIU N, HU M M, LIANG H, TONG J, XIE L, WANG B J, JI Y H, HAN B B, HE H J, LIU M C, WU Z H. Physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses reveal that mild salinity improves the growth, nutrition, and flavor properties of hydroponic Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spr). Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022, 9: 1000271. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1000271
[87]	LIU N, TONG J, HU M M, JI Y H, WANG B J, LIANG H, LIU M C, WU Z H. Transcriptome landscapes of multiple tissues highlight the genes involved in the flavor metabolic pathway in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum). Genomics, 2021, 113(4): 2145-2157. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.005 pmid: 33991618
[88]	TAO H, LI L Y, HE Y Q, ZHANG X Y, ZHAO Y, WANG Q M, HONG G J. Flavonoids in vegetables: improvement of dietary flavonoids by metabolic engineering to promote health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2024, 64(11): 3220-3234. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131726
[89]	UMEHARA M, SUEYOSHI T, SHIMOMURA K, IWAI M, SHIGYO M, HIRASHIMA K, NAKAHARA T. Interspecific hybrids between Allium fistulosum and Allium schoenoprasum reveal carotene-rich phenotype. Euphytica, 2006, 148(3): 295-301. doi: 10.1007/s10681-005-9029-8
[90]	路梦, 苏刚, 程菊, 陈建军, 周涛, 赵君利, 王静, 张莎莎, 马青龙, 谢小冬. 黄酮类化合物抗肿瘤活性及机制的研究进展. 华西药学杂志, 2023, 38(2): 236-240.
	LU M, SU G, CHENG J, CHEN J J, ZHOU T, ZHAO J L, WANG J, ZHANG S S, MA Q L, XIE X D. Research progress on anti-tumor activity and mechanism of flavonoids. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, 38(2): 236-240. (in Chinese)
[91]	钟宜科, 吴迪, 花晓丹, 赵彤, 王永霞. 黄酮类化合物抑菌作用研究进展. 中国食品添加剂, 2019, 30(8): 166-171.
	ZHONG Y K, WU D, HUA X D, ZHAO T, WANG Y X. Progress in the study of antibacterial effect of flavonoids compounds. China Food Additives, 2019, 30(8): 166-171. (in Chinese)
[92]	马琮鉴, 高健美, 孔浩, 徐应淑. 根皮苷药理作用研究进展. 医药导报, 2020, 39(3): 360-364. doi: 10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2020.03.019
	MA C J, GAO J M, KONG H, XU Y S. Research progress of pharmacological effects of phlorizin. Herald of Medicine, 2020, 39(3): 360-364. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2020.03.019

种间杂交 Interspecific combination (♀×♂)	接种子房数 No. of ovary culture	成芽数 No. of embryo germinated	成苗数 No. of developed plants	成苗率 Rate of developed plants (%)
Af×Ap	160	74	36	22.50
Ap×Af	100	0	0	0

样本 Sample	Reads总数 Total number of reads	碱基总数 Total number of bases	叶绿体基因组 Chloroplast genome size	ITS单倍型数目 No. of ITS haploid genotype	ITS单倍型 ITS haploid genotype
Ap	39989800	5998470000	153479	1	Ap
Af	8255274	1238291100	153162	1	Af
F_1-16	40205264	6030789600	153162	2	Af+Ap

参数Parameter	ITS1	5.8S	ITS2	ITS1-5.8S-ITS2
长度Length (bp)	245	160	242	647
多态性位点数No.of polymorphic sites (S)	40	7	39	86
突变总数Total number of mutations (Eta)	40	7	39	86
每个位点核苷酸多样性Nucleotide diversity per site (Pi)	0.17316	0.04375	0.16318	0.13651
插入缺失位点总数Total number of InDel sites	14	0	3	17
每个位点的插入缺失多样性InDel diversity per site Pi(i)	0.01633	0	0.00826	0.00927

性状 Characteristics	营养生长期Vegetative growth stage			抽薹开花期Bolting and flowering stage
性状 Characteristics	Af	Ap	Af×Ap	Af	Ap	Af×Ap
株高Height (cm)	68.28±6.60a	36.18±2.91b	68.05±6.70a	70.18±4.23a	37.82±3.85b	70.65±5.09a
平均分蘖数Average tiller number	1.60±0.52c	5.70±1.95b	10.80±4.94a	1.60±0.52c	8.60±2.22b	17.50±9.97a
叶片最大直径Leaf maximum diameter (cm)	1.69±0.35a	0.18±0.04c	0.39±0.06b	2.04±0.60a	0.26±0.12b	0.50±0.35b
假茎长Pseudostem length (cm)	26.15±3.52a	15.95±2.75c	22.04±4.35b	30.01±6.40a	16.35±3.34c	25.04±3.97b
假茎粗Pseudostem diameter (cm)	2.06±0.37a	0.23±0.12c	1.62±0.37b	2.11±0.45a	0.26±0.11c	1.63±0.34b
单分蘖群重Single tiller group weight (g）	234.62±35.94a	33.32±4.75b	226.32±16.91a	277.42±25.54b	36.32±4.82c	387.52±62.60a
最大薹高Maximum bolt height (cm)	/	/	/	82.39±9.50a	35.34±6.38b	77.02±4.22a
最大薹粗Maximum bolt diameter (cm)	/	/	/	1.98±0.49a	0.28±0.04c	0.66±0.11b

代谢物索引 Metabolite index	物质 Compounds	一级分类 Class I	获得/丢失+/-
mws2118	根皮苷Phloretin-2'-O-glucoside (Phlorizin)	黄酮Flavonoids	+
mws0629	L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸 L-Aspartyl-L-Phenylalanine	氨基酸及其衍生物 Amino acids and derivatives	-
Wafn002874	4-O-（4'-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基）咖啡酰奎尼酸 4-O-(4'-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl) caffeoylquinic acid	酚酸类 Phenolic acids	-
MWS1830	水杨酸乙酯Ethyl salicylate	酚酸类Phenolic acids	-
Zmcp004218	矢车菊素-3-O-（6''-O-阿魏酰）槐糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanogenin-3-O-(6''-O-feruloyl) sophorosine-5-O-glucoside	黄酮Flavone	-
Lacn007285	6'''-O-乙酰基去氢黄柏苷 6'''- O-Acetyl dehydroquercetin	黄酮Flavone	-
Wasn003353	葡萄糖基6-羟基-2,6-二甲基-2E,7-辛二烯酸 Glucosyl 6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2E, 7-octadienoic acid	其他类 Others	-
Qagp006800	枸杞酰胺B Goji berry amide B	生物碱Alkaloid	-
Zbsp007466	N-反式-桂皮酸酰对羟基苯乙胺 N-trans cinnamoyl p-hydroxyphenylethylamine	生物碱Alkaloid	-
Wagp007639	N-（4-羟基苯乙基）肉桂酰胺 N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) cinnamamide	生物碱Alkaloid	-
Wcjp001278	6-Hydroxycrinamidine	生物碱Alkaloid	-
MWSslk217	苦蒿素Blinin	萜类Terpenoids	-
pmp001054	异栀子苷Isogeniposide	萜类Terpenoids	-
Cmqn004417	7(R)-正丁基莫罗忍冬苷 7(R)-n-butyl Moro honeysuckle glycoside	萜类Terpenoids	-
pmn001505	齐墩果酸-3-O-木糖基(1→3)葡萄糖醛酸苷 Oleanolic acid-3-O-xylosyl (1→3) glucuronide	萜类Terpenoids	-
Cmyp003257	淫羊藿次苷B1 Epimedium glycoside B1	萜类Terpenoids	-
Wacn005438	羟基十五碳烯酸葡萄糖苷 Hydroxypentadecenoic acid glucoside	脂质Lipid	-

大葱和青甘韭种间杂种的获得及其特性

Production and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids Between Allium fistulosum and Allium przewalskianum Regel

RichHTML

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 15

参考文献 92

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	宁若云, 银煜祺, 沈建国, 章淑玲, 龚梅芳, 高芳銮. 辣椒轻斑驳病毒的谱系地理历史[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(3): 543-555.
[2]	王佳美, 徐奉奇, 周慧, 胡向东. 我国农业社会化服务发展现状、地区性特征及国际经验镜鉴[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(2): 459-474.
[3]	陈桂平, 韦金贵, 郭瑶, 李盼, 王菲儿, 仇海龙, 冯福学, 殷文. 宽窄行与增密对绿洲灌区玉米光合特性及资源利用的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.
[4]	吕旭东, 孙世媛, 李亚楠, 刘玉龙, 王艳群, 付鑫, 张佳英, 宁鹏, 彭正萍. 智能机械化分层施肥对麦田根-土养分分布和小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 129-146.
[5]	费耀莹, 王迪, 唐伟杰, 郭彩丽, 张小虎, 邱小雷, 程涛, 姚霞, 江冲亚, 朱艳, 曹卫星, 郑恒彪. 基于无人机多源影像融合的水稻籽粒蛋白质含量估测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 41-56.
[6]	唐华俊, 吴文斌, 余强毅, 史云, 段玉林, 李文娟, 钱建平, 宋茜, 夏浪, 李会宾, 苏宝峰, 范蓓蕾, 胡琼, 叶剑秋, 张帅. 基于形态指纹特征的耕地遥感监测轻量化大模型构建[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 78-89.
[7]	王爱冬, 李瑞杰, 冯向前, 洪卫源, 李子秋, 张晓果, 王丹英, 陈松. 基于多角度成像与机器学习的水稻叶面积精确估算[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(9): 1719-1734.
[8]	岳润清, 李文兰, 丁照华, 孟昭东. 转基因复合抗虫耐除草剂玉米LD05的分子特征及抗性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(7): 1269-1283.
[9]	王彬, 吴朋浩, 鲁剑巍, 任涛, 丛日环, 陆志峰, 李小坤. 长江中游地区水稻-油菜轮作体系需水特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(7): 1355-1365.
[10]	尹波, 于爱忠, 王鹏飞, 杨学慧, 王玉珑, 尚永盼, 张冬玲, 刘亚龙, 李悦, 王凤. 绿肥还田结合氮肥减施对干旱灌区麦田土壤水热特征及小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(7): 1366-1380.
[11]	宋岩, 柴明堂, 李王成, 孙利英, 吾连恩·赛尔奴, 杜天择. 基于RGB和纹理特征的土壤表层水盐信息反演方法[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(6): 1159-1172.
[12]	吴立东, 林淑婷, 邱胤晖, 刘亚婷, 张锐, 李永清, 尚伟, 钟柳青. 不同干燥方式辣椒品质的差异性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(3): 582-599.
[13]	陈均权, 马驰远, 胡鑫, 李朵, 郭艳琦, 刘灿, 周凯, 郑太辉. 有机无机肥配施调控红壤稻田土壤肥力、生态化学计量特征及产量[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(23): 4952-4966.
[14]	李明丽, 温彩运, 马东豪, 李存军, 王宇文, 康璐, 陆苗. 基于土壤高光谱特征波段优选的盐分预测模型构建[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4054-4069.
[15]	张斯佳, 杨杰, 赵帅, 李莉威, 王贵彦. 华北平原多样化作物与小麦-玉米轮作对土壤质量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(2): 238-251.