有机无机肥配施下典型潮土小麦季有机肥氮磷的当季释放率

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 5234-5246.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

有机无机肥配施下典型潮土小麦季有机肥氮磷的当季释放率

房康睿¹(), 丁世杰², 陈雨珊¹, 杨秉庚¹, 郭腾飞², 徐新朋¹, 赵士诚¹, 王秀斌¹, 黄绍敏²^,^*(), 仇少君¹^,^*(), 何萍¹, 周卫¹

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室，北京 100081
² 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所，郑州 450002

收稿日期:2025-01-22 接受日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2025-12-16 发布日期:2025-12-22
通信作者:
黄绍敏，E-mail：hsm503@126.com。
仇少君，E-mail：qiushaojun@caas.cn
联系方式: 房康睿，E-mail：2583009347@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2300400); 中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-CSAL-202302)

In-Season Release Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Manure Fertilizers During the Wheat Season in Typical Fluvo-Aquic Soil Under the Combined Application of Chemical and Manure Fertilizers

FANG KangRui¹(), DING ShiJie², CHEN YuShan¹, YANG BingGeng¹, GUO TengFei², XU XinPeng¹, ZHAO ShiCheng¹, WANG XiuBin¹, HUANG ShaoMin²^,^*(), QIU ShaoJun¹^,^*(), HE Ping¹, ZHOU Wei¹

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
² Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002

Received:2025-01-22 Accepted:2025-03-17 Published:2025-12-16 Online:2025-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】有机无机肥配施能够提高作物产量和培肥土壤，但有机无机肥配施中有机养分释放率及其影响因素尚不明确。因此，明确有机养分释放率能够为提高养分利用效率、科学管理有机养分提供依据。【方法】研究依托 2013 年在潮土上建立的有机无机肥配施长期定位试验，采用随机区组设计，选取其中 5 个处理，分别为化肥不减量（F_-0%，N-P₂O₅-K₂O= 210-120-60）、化肥不减量配施有机肥（MF_-0%）以及化肥减量20%、30%、40%并配施有机肥（MF_-20%、MF_-30%、MF_-40%）。在小麦成熟期，对各处理的产量、土壤养分和微生物特性等指标进行测定，并分析有机肥氮、磷释放率及其影响因素。【结果】在有机无机肥配施的4个处理中，MF_-30%处理的2023、2024年及两年平均产量分别为8.6、8.6、8.6 t·hm^-2，较F_-0%（化肥不减量）处理分别增加0.3、0.1、0.1 t·hm^-2。同时，MF_-30%处理显著（P<0.05）提高了土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳、矿质氮、有效磷、微生物量碳、微生物量磷的含量。有机肥氮、磷释放率随化肥施用量的增加而降低，有机肥氮素释放范围为11.1%—60.7%，平均为37.7%，有机肥磷素释放范围为8.3%—54.4%，平均为30.4%。偏最小二乘模型分析结果表明，外源肥料投入（C、N）、土壤养分（易氧化有机碳和矿质态氮）对有机肥氮释放率有直接且极显著（P<0.01）的正效应，效应值分别为3.054、1.230；外源肥料投入计量比（C/N、C/P）对有机肥氮养分释放率有直接且极显著（P<0.01）的负效应，效应值为-1.377；外源肥料投入（N、P）和外源肥料投入计量比（N/P、C/P）对有机肥磷释放率有直接且显著（P<0.05）的负效应，效应值分别为-1.758、-0.640。【结论】潮土中有机肥氮、磷平均释放率分别为37.7%、30.4%，氮、磷释放率随化肥投入量增加而降低，外源肥料投入及其计量比对有机肥氮、磷释放率有直接且显著的影响。

关键词: 有机养分释放率, 有机无机肥配施, 化学计量比, 潮土, 冬小麦

Abstract:

【Objective】The combination of manure and chemical fertilizers can enhance crop yield and soil fertility, yet the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizer under chemical fertilization and their influencing factors remain unclear. Therefore, it was of great significance to clarify the manure nutrient release rate to improve nutrient use efficiency and scientifically manage manure nutrients. 【Method】This study utilized a long-term field experiment (established in 2013) on sandy loam fluvo-aquic soil, adopting a randomized block design with five treatments: no reduction in fertilizer (F_-0%, N-P₂O₅-K₂O=210-120-60), no reduction in chemical fertilizer with manure fertilizer (MF_-0%), and 20%, 30%, and 40% reduction in chemical fertilizer with manure fertilizer (MF_-20%, MF_-30%, and MF_-40%). At wheat maturity, yield and soil nutrient indicators were measured, and organic manure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release rate and their influencing factors were analyzed. 【Result】Among four combined application of manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments, MF_-30% achieved optimal wheat yield improvement and fertilizer reduction. Under the MF_-30% treatment, the yields in 2023, 2024, and the average of the two years were 8.6, 8.6, and 8.6 t·hm^-2, respectively, representing increases of 0.3, 0.1, and 0.1 t·hm^-2 compared with the F_-0% (no reduction in chemical fertilizer) treatment. Simultaneously, MF_-30% significantly increased soil organic carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass phosphorus (P<0.05). The release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizers decreased with increasing chemical fertilizers inputs. The nitrogen release ranged from 11.1% to 60.7% (mean 37.7%), while phosphorus release ranged from 8.3% to 54.4% (mean 30.4%). PLS-PM model analysis showed that exogenous fertilizer input (C, N) and soil nutrients (easily oxidized organic carbon, mineral nitrogen) had direct and highly significant positive effects on nitrogen release (P<0.01), with effect values of 3.054 and 1.230, respectively. Exogenous fertilizer stoichiometric ratios (C/N, C/P) exerted direct and highly significant negative effects on nitrogen release (P<0.01), with an effect value of -1.377. Exogenous fertilizer input (N, P) and stoichiometric ratio (N/P, C/P) showed direct and significant negative effects on phosphorus release (P<0.05), with effect values of -1.758 and -0.640, respectively. 【Conclusion】In fluvo-aquic soil, the average release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizer were 37.7% and 30.4%, respectively. Both N and P release rates declined with increasing chemical fertilizer inputs, and exogenous fertilizer inputs and their stoichiometric ratios directly and significantly affected manure nutrient release rates.

Key words: nutrients release rate in manure, combination of manure and chemical fertilizers, stoichiometric ratio, fluvo-aquic soil, winter wheat

房康睿, 丁世杰, 陈雨珊, 杨秉庚, 郭腾飞, 徐新朋, 赵士诚, 王秀斌, 黄绍敏, 仇少君, 何萍, 周卫. 有机无机肥配施下典型潮土小麦季有机肥氮磷的当季释放率[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(24): 5234-5246.

FANG KangRui, DING ShiJie, CHEN YuShan, YANG BingGeng, GUO TengFei, XU XinPeng, ZHAO ShiCheng, WANG XiuBin, HUANG ShaoMin, QIU ShaoJun, HE Ping, ZHOU Wei. In-Season Release Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Manure Fertilizers During the Wheat Season in Typical Fluvo-Aquic Soil Under the Combined Application of Chemical and Manure Fertilizers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5234-5246.

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处理 Treatment	化肥投入 Fertilizer input (kg·hm^-2)			有机肥投入 Manure input (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
化肥不减量F_-0%	210	120	60	0	0	0
化肥不减量配施有机肥MF_-0%	210	120	60	112.5	91	102
化肥减量20%配施有机肥MF_-20%	168	96	48	112.5	91	102
化肥减量30%配施有机肥MF_-30%	147	84	42	112.5	91	102
化肥减量40%配施有机肥MF_-40%	126	72	36	112.5	91	102

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t ·hm^-2)	地上部生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	籽粒氮吸收 Grain N uptake (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒磷吸收 Grain P uptake (kg·hm^-2)	地上部氮吸收 Aboveground N uptake (kg·hm^-2)	地上部磷吸收 Aboveground N uptake (kg·hm^-2)
2023	F_-20%	8.0	16.1	144.2	30.9	167.9	34.8
	F_-30%	7.4	14.5	126.2	29.9	144.9	33.5
	F_-40%	7.3	14.3	129.6	23.6	148.5	32.2
2024	F_-20%	7.9	18.7	143.1	29.6	181.2	33.1
	F_-30%	7.3	15.7	135.1	26.7	168.3	29.1
	F_-40%	7.3	16.5	135.1	25.1	170.2	27.9
平均 Mean	F_-20%	8.0	17.4	143.7	30.3	174.6	34.0
	F_-30%	7.4	15.1	130.6	28.3	156.6	31.3
	F_-40%	7.3	15.4	132.3	26.9	159.4	30.1

处理 Treatment	土壤全量和有效养分 Total and available nutrients								土壤生物特性Soil microbial characteristics
处理 Treatment	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	全钾 TK (g·kg^-1)	易氧化有机碳 EOC (g·kg^-1)	矿质氮 Nmin (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷Olsen P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量磷 MBP (mg·kg^-1)	β-葡萄糖苷酶 BG (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)	氨基肽酶 LAP (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)	几丁质酶 NAG (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)	酸性磷酸酶 AP (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)
F_-0%	10.8b	1.3b	0.38a	13.4a	6.5c	12.4d	29.3b	344.5a	313.1c	27.4a	21.0c	167.2b	455.5c	14.1b	376.3b
MF_-0%	11.8ab	1.3b	0.34a	10.3a	8.5a	16.9a	43.2a	348.5a	343.5bc	21.9ab	63.4b	209.9a	703.5a	22.8a	433.4a
MF_-20%	12.7a	1.5a	0.4a	14.5a	8.0b	17.0a	44.4a	330.5a	361.0bc	21.5ab	75.5a	125.8d	598.8b	17.4ab	400.1ab
MF_-30%	11.9a	1.4b	0.4a	13.4a	7.9b	15.7b	44.9a	339.3a	429.0a	16.1b	73.1ab	161.4bc	618.0b	17.0ab	410.7ab
MF_-40%	11.7ab	1.3b	0.3b	12.3a	7.8b	14.8c	33.9b	315.8a	406.4ab	14.7b	70.2ab	132.7cd	616.0b	14.0b	362.5b

处理 Treatment	养分计量比 Soil nutrients stoichiometric ratio						生物计量比Microbial stoichiometric ratio
处理 Treatment	SOC:TN	SOC:TP	TN:TP	EOC:Nmin	EOC:OP	Nmin:OP	MBC:MBN	MBC:MBP	MBN:MBP	E_C:N	E_C:P	E_N:P
F_-0%	8.3b	29.0b	3.5b	521.5a	230.4a	0.44a	11.6c	14.9a	1.30a	0.84a	0.86ab	1.03b
MF_-0%	9.1a	34.7b	3.8b	505.6ab	197.3a	0.39a	16.5b	5.4b	0.35b	0.81b	0.88a	1.08a
MF_-20%	8.4b	34.1b	4.1b	469.0b	179.9a	0.38a	16.9b	4.8b	0.29b	0.75d	0.81d	1.07a
MF_-30%	8.6ab	34.0b	3.9b	504.0ab	176.6a	0.35a	26.7a	5.9b	0.22b	0.79c	0.84bc	1.07a
MF_-40%	8.9ab	42.6a	4.8a	531.1a	238.7a	0.45a	28.0a	5.8b	0.21b	0.75d	0.83cd	1.09a

有机无机肥配施下典型潮土小麦季有机肥氮磷的当季释放率

In-Season Release Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Manure Fertilizers During the Wheat Season in Typical Fluvo-Aquic Soil Under the Combined Application of Chemical and Manure Fertilizers

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