黑土与潮土铁氧化物结合态有机碳对长期秸秆还田的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (19): 3823-3834.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

黑土与潮土铁氧化物结合态有机碳对长期秸秆还田的响应

孙悦¹(), 任科宇¹, 邹洪琴¹, 高洪军², 张水清³, 李德近¹, 李冰洁¹, 廖楚芊¹^,⁴, 段英华¹(), 徐明岗¹^,⁵

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室，北京 100081
² 吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，长春 130033
³ 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所，郑州 450002
⁴ 南京林业大学生态与环境学院，南京 210037
⁵ 山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院，太原 030031

收稿日期:2023-11-23 接受日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2024-10-01 发布日期:2024-10-09
通信作者:
段英华，E-mail：duanyinghua@caas.cn
联系方式: 孙悦，E-mail：15641209869@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500301); 中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-CSAL-202302)

Effect of Long-Term Straw Returning on the Soil Organic Carbon Bound to Iron Oxides in Black Soil and Fluvo-Aquic Soil

SUN Yue¹(), REN KeYu¹, ZOU HongQin¹, GAO HongJun², ZHANG ShuiQing³, LI DeJin¹, LI BingJie¹, LIAO ChuQian¹^,⁴, DUAN YingHua¹(), XU MingGang¹^,⁵

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033
³ Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
⁴ College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037
⁵ Engineer and Technology Academy of Ecology and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031

Received:2023-11-23 Accepted:2024-01-30 Published:2024-10-01 Online:2024-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】旨在探究不同旱地土壤中不同类型铁氧化物结合态有机碳含量和性质的差异及其对长期秸秆还田的响应。【方法】基于1990年开始位于我国吉林公主岭和河南郑州的黑土和潮土长期定位施肥试验，选择长期定位试验中的不施肥对照（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）和化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）3个处理进行。通过连续浸提法获取土壤中络合铁（Fe_PP）、非晶型铁氧化物（Fe_HH）及晶型铁氧化物（Fe_DH），探究不同形态铁氧化物及其结合态有机碳的含量差异；结合紫外可见光谱分析，探究铁氧化物结合态有机碳的性质差异。【结果】与CK及NPK处理相比，NPKS处理下黑土有机碳含量显著提高了18.1%和14.9%，潮土有机碳含量显著提高了46.1%和13.3%。两种土壤中Fe_PP含量均低于Fe_HH及Fe_DH含量，但络合铁结合态有机碳（OC_PP）含量明显高于非晶型铁氧化物结合态有机碳（OC_HH）及晶型铁氧化物结合态有机碳（OC_DH）含量，可占总铁氧化物结合态有机碳含量的71.4%—93.2%，说明OC_PP是铁氧化物结合有机碳的主要存在形态。与NPK相比，NPKS处理黑土中Fe_PP含量显著降低了65.6%，Fe_HH含量显著降低了17.8%，Fe_DH含量没有显著变化；潮土中Fe_PP含量显著增加了15.9%，Fe_HH含量没有显著变化，Fe_DH含量显著提高了24.6%。NPKS较NPK处理显著降低了黑土中总铁氧化物结合有机碳的含量，其中OC_PP降低了11.3%，OC_DH增加了53.7%，OC_HH没有显著变化，而对潮土中总铁氧化物结合有机碳含量没有显著影响。进一步对每克铁氧化物结合有机碳含量的分析发现，与NPK相比，NPKS处理显著增加了黑土中3种铁氧化物结合有机碳的能力，而对潮土中结合有机碳的能力没有显著影响。Fe_PP主要与疏水性较强、芳香性较弱的大分子有机碳结合，Fe_HH主要与疏水性、芳香性均较强的小分子有机碳结合，而Fe_DH主要与一些疏水性及芳香性均较差的大分子化合物结合。【结论】与单施化肥相比，长期秸秆还田后黑土和潮土中晶型和非晶型铁氧化物结合有机碳的含量均显著增加，而络合铁结合有机碳在黑土中显著降低，在潮土中无变化。这是秸秆还田后土壤有机碳水平提升且在土壤类型中存在差异的重要机制之一。

关键词: 长期秸秆还田, 土壤有机碳, 有机碳性质, 铁氧化物

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in the content and properties of different types of iron oxide bound organic carbon in different dryland soils and their responses to long-term straw returning. 【Method】 Based on the long-term fertilization experiments of black soil and fluvo-aquic soil in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province and Zhengzhou, Henan Province since 1990, soil samples under no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK) and chemical fertilizer +straw returning (NPKS) for 29 years were collected, and the complex iron (Fe_PP), amorphous iron oxides (Fe_HH) and crystalline iron oxides (Fe_DH) were obtained through continuous extraction method. The differences in the content of different forms of iron oxides and their bound organic carbons were explored. Combined with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, the differences in the properties of iron oxide-bound organic carbon were also accessed. 【Result】 Compared with CK and NPK treatments, the soil organic carbon content under NPKS treatment in black soil was significantly increased by 18.1% and 14.9%, respectively, and fluvo-aquic soil was significantly increased by 46.1% and 13.3%, respectively. The content of Fe_PP in the two soils were lower than those under Fe_HH and Fe_DH, but the content of complexed iron-bound organic carbon (OC_PP) were significantly higher than those of amorphous iron oxide-bound organic carbon (OC_HH) and crystalline iron oxide-bound organic carbon (OC_DH), accounting for 71.4%-93.2% of the total iron oxide-bound organic carbon content, indicating that OC_PP was the main form of iron oxide-bound organic carbon. Compared with NPK treatment, the Fe_PP content in black soil was significantly reduced by 65.6%. Fe_HH content was significantly reduced by 17.8%, and Fe_DH content was not significantly changed under NPKS treatment, while the Fe_PP content in fluvo-aquic soil was significantly increased by 15.9%. Fe_HH content was not significantly changed, and Fe_DH content was significantly increased by 24.6%. Compared with NPK treatment, NPKS treatment significantly reduced the content of total iron oxide bound organic carbon in black soil, among which OC_PP decreased by 11.3%, while OC_DH increased by 53.7%, and OC_HH did not change significantly, but had no significant effect on the content of total iron oxide bound organic carbon in fluvo-aquic soil. Further analysis of the binding organic carbon content per gram of iron oxides showed that compared with NPK treatment, NPKS treatment significantly increased the binding capacity of three iron oxides in black soil, but had no significant effect in the fluvo-aquic soil. Fe_PP was mainly combined with macromolecular organic carbon with strong hydrophobicity and weak aromaticity while Fe_HH was mainly combined with small molecule organic carbon with strong hydrophobicity and aromaticity, and Fe_DH was mainly combined with some macromolecular compounds with poor hydrophobicity and aromaticity. 【Conclusion】 Comparing with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the content of crystalline and amorphous iron oxide bound organic carbon in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil increased significantly after long-term straw returning to the field, while the content of complexed iron bound organic carbon in black soil decreased significantly and did not change in fluvo-aquic soil. This was one of the important mechanisms for the different increases of soil organic carbon levels in different soil types after straw returning.

Key words: long-term straw returning, soil organic carbon, feature of organic carbon, iron oxides

孙悦, 任科宇, 邹洪琴, 高洪军, 张水清, 李德近, 李冰洁, 廖楚芊, 段英华, 徐明岗. 黑土与潮土铁氧化物结合态有机碳对长期秸秆还田的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(19): 3823-3834.

SUN Yue, REN KeYu, ZOU HongQin, GAO HongJun, ZHANG ShuiQing, LI DeJin, LI BingJie, LIAO ChuQian, DUAN YingHua, XU MingGang. Effect of Long-Term Straw Returning on the Soil Organic Carbon Bound to Iron Oxides in Black Soil and Fluvo-Aquic Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3823-3834.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.009

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	吉林公主岭 Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province （124°48′E, 43°30′N）	河南郑州 Zhengzhou City, Henan Province （35°00′E, 113°41′N）
土壤类型 Soil style	中层典型黑土-黏砾黑土 Middle-layer typical black soil-clayey black soil genus	潮土土类-潮砂土 Fluvo-aquic soil type-green sandy soil genus
成土母质 Soil parent material	第四纪黄土状沉积物 Quaternary loess-like sediments	黄土状沉积物 Loess-like sediments
土壤质地 Soil texture	壤黏土 Loamy clay	轻壤土 Light loam
种植制度 Cropping system	玉米连作 Corn continuous cropping	小麦-玉米轮作 Wheat-corn
气候类型 Type of climate	温带半湿润区 Temperate semi-humid zone	暖温带大陆性季风 Warm temperate continental monsoon
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	450-650	700
年均温 Average annual temperature (℃)	4-5	14.4
初始耕层有机碳 Organic carbon in the initial tillage layer (g·kg^-1)	13.23	6.15
初始耕层全氮 Total nitrogen in the initial tillage layer (g·kg^-1)	1.40	1.01
初始耕层 pH Initial tillage layer pH	7.6	8.1

处理 Treatment	吉林公主岭 Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province （124°48′E, 43°30′N）	河南郑州Zhengzhou City, Henan Province（35°00′E, 113°41′N）
处理 Treatment		小麦季 Wheat season	玉米季 Corn season
CK (kg·hm^-2)	N, P₂O₅, K₂O：0	N, P₂O₅, K₂O：0	N, P₂O₅, K₂O：0
NPK (kg·hm^-2)	N：165	N：165	N：188
	P₂O₅：82.5	P₂O₅：82.5	P₂O₅：94
	K₂O：82.5	K₂O：82.5	K₂O：94
NPKS (kg·hm^-2)	N：112	N：49.5	N：282
	P₂O₅：82.5	P₂O₅：82.5	P₂O₅：94
	K₂O：82.5	K₂O：82.5	K₂O：94
	秸秆 Straw：7500 （含N 约52.5 kg）	秸秆 Straw：6000-9000 （含N 约115.5 kg）	秸秆 Straw：0

	处理 Treatment	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C﹕N	酸碱度 pH
黑土 Black soil	CK	15.5±0.10c	1.37±0.01c	11.0±0.19a	7.77±0.07a
	NPK	15.9±0.02b	1.47±0.01b	10.8±0.03a	6.05±0.07b
	NPKS	18.3±0.09a	1.63±0.03a	11.0±0.05a	7.99±0.06a
潮土 Fluvo-aquic soil	CK	7.94±0.17c	0.67±0.03c	11.5±0.07a	8.30±0.01a
	NPK	10.1±0.10b	0.93±0.01b	10.9±0.02b	8.11±0.13b
	NPKS	11.6±0.11a	1.09±0.04a	10.6±0.04c	8.10±0.03b

黑土与潮土铁氧化物结合态有机碳对长期秸秆还田的响应

Effect of Long-Term Straw Returning on the Soil Organic Carbon Bound to Iron Oxides in Black Soil and Fluvo-Aquic Soil

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