人工草地土壤有机碳组分与微生物群落对施氮补水的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.016

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (13): 2678-2690.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.016

• 退耕地恢复技术与原理 • 上一篇下一篇

人工草地土壤有机碳组分与微生物群落对施氮补水的响应

徐梦¹,徐丽君²,程淑兰³,方华军^1,³(),卢明珠¹,于光夏³,杨艳¹,耿静¹,曹子铖³,李玉娜³

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101
²中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京 100081
³中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-09-13 接受日期:2019-12-08 出版日期:2020-07-01 发布日期:2020-07-16
通讯作者: 方华军
作者简介:徐梦,Tel:15201029279;E-mail: xumeng@igsnrr.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2016YFC0500603);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFA0604802);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFA0604804);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2016YFC0503603);国家自然科学基金项目(41907036);国家自然科学基金项目(41977041);国家自然科学基金项目(31770558);国家自然科学基金项目(41703081);中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA2002040203);中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA23060401);青海省“高端创新人才千人计划”

Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Fractionation and Microbial Community to Nitrogen and Water Addition in Artificial Grassland

XU Meng¹,XU LiJun²,CHENG ShuLan³,FANG HuaJun^1,³(),LU MingZhu¹,YU GuangXia³,YANG Yan¹,GENG Jing¹,CAO ZiCheng³,LI YuNa³

¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
²Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100081
³College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2019-09-13 Accepted:2019-12-08 Online:2020-07-01 Published:2020-07-16
Contact: HuaJun FANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 人工草地建设是缓解天然草地放牧压力、促进退化草地恢复的有效方式。开展施氮和补水对呼伦贝尔人工草地土壤有机碳（SOC）组成、土壤微生物群落数量和活性变化的研究,以深入认识不同管理方式对人工草地土壤碳截存及其稳定性的影响及调控机制。【方法】 在3种人工草地种植模式（紫花苜蓿单播、无芒雀麦单播及苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播）下构建施氮（0、150 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1）和补水（0、60 mm）双因素试验,采集各处理土壤样品,使用SOC物理分组、磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析以及土壤酶活性测定,分析不同水氮处理对SOC组分以及土壤微生物数量、组成和活性的影响,揭示土壤微生物群落组成或活性与SOC组分的耦联关系。【结果】 3年的施氮和补水处理显著影响不同土壤有机碳组分的含量。施氮处理整体上增加了苜蓿单播和苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播草地土壤的颗粒态有机碳（POC）含量,但是降低了矿物结合态有机碳（MAOC）的含量,而旱季补水则显著提高了无芒雀麦单播草地土壤粗颗粒态有机碳的含量。施氮和补水对土壤微生物群落数量和组成没有产生显著影响,但是显著影响了4种土壤酶的活性。单施氮处理显著降低β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）在苜蓿单播草地土壤中的活性,但是显著提高其在无芒雀麦单播草地土壤中的活性。单补水处理显著降低了苜蓿单播和无芒雀麦单播草地土壤的纤维二糖水解酶（CB）和NAG活性。补水+施氮处理显著降低苜蓿单播草地土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶（βG）、CB和NAG的活性,但显著提高苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播草地土壤中CB活性。不同水氮处理下土壤总PLFA及各微生物类群PLFA的变化量与POC变化显著正相关,而与MAOC显著负相关。βG和CB活性以及土壤酶C/N比、C/P比的变化量则与POC变化量负相关,并且在补水情况下更为显著。【结论】 在呼伦贝尔半干旱区人工草地,施氮显著促进土壤活性碳组分积累、降低惰性有机碳组分含量,不利于土壤碳库的稳定性。补水和施氮显著影响了土壤微生物群落的活性,并且不同水氮处理下土壤酶化学计量比的变化与土壤有机碳组分变化密切相关。这些结果表明人工草地土壤微生物对碳、氮、磷养分需求的差异是调控活性有机碳组分周转的重要驱动力。

关键词: 人工草地, 施氮, 补水, 土壤有机碳, 土壤微生物, 土壤酶活性, 酶化学计量比, 呼伦贝尔

Abstract:

【Objective】 Establishment of artificial grassland provides one solution for releasing some of the grazing pressure on natural grassland, and thus is conducive to the restoration of degraded grassland. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) addition and water supplement on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractionation, composition and activity of soil microbial community on artificial grassland established in Hulunber region, so as to provide insight into the effect of management practices on SOC sequestration and stability of artificial grassland. 【Method Experimental plots were designed with two factors of N addition (0, and 150 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1) and water addition (0, and 60 mm), and were constructed under three types of artificial grasslands, i.e., alfalfa monoculture, smooth bromegrass monoculture, and the mixed cultivation of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass. Soil samples were collected from experimental plots and SOC of bulk soil was fractionated into different particulate-size fractions by wet-sieving method. The abundance, composition and activity of soil microbial community were measured by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and extracellular enzyme activity. Then, the effects of N addition and watering treatments on SOC fractions and soil microbial community, and investigated the relationship between these two components were analyzed. 【Result】 Three years of N fertilization and water addition exerted significant impact on SOC fractionation. Addition of N generally increased the content of particulate organic carbon (POC) in soils of alfalfa monoculture and the mixed cultivation but decreased the content of mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC), while water addition significantly increased the content of coarse POC in soils of smooth bromegrass monoculture. The activities of four soil extracellular enzymes but not the abundance or composition of soil microbial community were significantly affected by N and water addition. Nitrogen application without water addition significantly inhibited the activity of β-N-acetylglucosidase (NAG) in soils of alfalfa monoculture, but promoted that in soils of smooth bromegrass monoculture. The activities of cellobiohydorlase (CB) and NAG were significantly decreased by water addition in soils of two monoculture grasslands. Nitrogen application with water addition significantly inhibited the activities of β-glucosidase (βG), CB and NAG in soils of alfalfa monoculture, but significantly promoted CB activity in soils of the mixed cultivation. The changes in PLFA concentration of total community and specific microbial groups were positively correlated with changes in content of POC, but negatively correlated with MAOC. There were negative correlations between the activities of βG and CB, as well as the ratio of enzyme C/N and C/P with changes in POC content, and these correlations were stronger under treatments with water addition. 【Conclusion】 Results of the present study showed that in artificial grassland established in semi-arid Hulunbeier region, the addition of N fertilization significantly promoted the accumulation of labile SOC fraction, but decreased the proportion of recalcitrant fraction, which reduced the stability of soil carbon sequestration. Nitrogen fertilization and water supplement induced significant changes in activity of soil microbial communities, and these changes in enzyme stoichiometric ratios were closely related to changes in SOC fractions. These results implied that the differential demands for C, N and P by microbial communities were crucial in regulating the turnover of labile SOC fraction in artificial grassland.

Key words: artificial grassland, nitrogen addition, water addition, soil organic carbon, soil microbial community, extracellular enzyme activity, enzyme stoichiometric ratio, Hulunber

徐梦,徐丽君,程淑兰,方华军,卢明珠,于光夏,杨艳,耿静,曹子铖,李玉娜. 人工草地土壤有机碳组分与微生物群落对施氮补水的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2678-2690.

XU Meng,XU LiJun,CHENG ShuLan,FANG HuaJun,LU MingZhu,YU GuangXia,YANG Yan,GENG Jing,CAO ZiCheng,LI YuNa. Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Fractionation and Microbial Community to Nitrogen and Water Addition in Artificial Grassland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2678-2690.

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酶 Enzyme	缩写 Abbreviation	底物 Substrate
β-葡萄糖苷酶β-glucosidase	βG	4-MUB-β-D-glucoside
纤维二糖水解酶 Cellobiohydorlase	CB	4-MUB-β-D-cellobioside
β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶β-N-acetylglucosidase	NAG	4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide
酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	AP	4-MUB-phosphate

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	总氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	总可溶性氮 TDN (mg kg^-1)	土壤水分 Soil moisture (%)
苜蓿单播 Alfalfa monoculture
CK	7.0±0.4a	21.6±1.5a	2.1±0.1a	27.0±2.6c	4.6±0.4a	51.3±1.2c	12.4±0.3a
N	7.1±0.4a	20.2±0.7a	2.0±0.1a	52.9±6.9b	6.1±0.8a	78.8±6.8b	12.8±0.4a
W	6.6±0.5a	22.0±1.0a	2.1±0.1a	28.7±1.8c	5.4±0.8a	54.3±3.3c	13.6±0.6a
N+W	6.4±0.5a	21.3±1.0a	2.2±0.1a	78.3±11.4a	6.6±1.4a	103.8±11.4a	12.7±0.8a
无芒雀麦单播 Smooth bromegrass monoculture
CK	7.2±0.2a	20.6±0.1a	2.1±0.0a	28.6±2.2b	4.7±0.8a	54.7±2.9b	12.5±0.9a
N	6.6±0.2a	21.4±0.5a	2.2±0.0a	81.3±19.4a	6.4±0.9a	121.2±26.1a	13.0±0.9a
W	7.2±0.2a	19.6±1.3a	2.0±0.1a	40.4±9.0b	4.9±0.4a	67.1±10.0b	13.0±1.1a
N+W	7.0±0.3a	20.4±0.8a	2.0±0.1a	55.4±7.6ab	4.8±0.9a	80.9±9.0ab	12.2±0.5a
苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播 Mixed cultivation
CK	6.8±0.2a	21.6±1.2a	2.1±0.1a	29.9±3.0b	5.6±1.0a	55.7±4.7b	12.9±0.5a
N	6.8±0.3a	21.8±1.4a	2.2±0.1a	72.3±7.8a	6.0±1.7a	104.6±6.8a	13.1±0.7a
W	7.0±0.2a	22.5±0.8a	2.2±0.1a	25.8±3.8b	6.0±0.9a	54.4±4.3b	12.4±0.3a
N+W	7.1±0.3a	21.8±2.3a	2.2±0.2a	78.1±10.3a	5.8±0.7a	109.1±11.6a	12.4±0.4a

处理 Treatment	总磷脂脂肪酸含量 Total PLFA	革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram-positive bacteria	革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram-negative bacteria	真菌 Fungi	丛枝菌根真菌 AMF	真菌细菌比 F/B	革兰氏阳性/ 阴性细菌比 G+/G-
苜蓿单播 Alfalfa monoculture
CK	25.1±1.7a	10.2±0.8a	8.3±0.5a	2.5±0.2a	0.86±0.07a	0.137±0.003a	1.23±0.05a
N	21.7±2.7a	8.7±1.1a	7.3±0.8a	2.4±0.4a	0.72±0.09a	0.147±0.006a	1.19±0.03a
W	25.6±3.2a	10.3±1.2a	8.6±1.1a	2.6±0.4a	0.87±0.12a	0.137±0.006a	1.21±0.04a
N+W	26.0±2.3a	10.5±0.9a	8.6±0.8a	2.7±0.3a	0.83±0.09a	0.143±0.002a	1.22±0.03a
无芒雀麦单播 Smooth bromegrass monoculture
CK	23.9±2.6a	9.7±1.1a	7.8±0.8a	2.4±0.3a	0.88±0.10a	0.138±0.008a	1.24±0.02a
N	22.8±2.3a	9.5±0.8a	7.4±0.8a	2.2±0.2a	0.79±0.14a	0.128±0.003a	1.28±0.02a
W	21.7±1.6a	8.8±0.6a	7.1±0.6a	2.3±0.2a	0.75±0.06a	0.143±0.001a	1.25±0.04a
N+W	22.6±1.8a	9.2±0.7a	7.5±0.6a	2.2±0.2a	0.79±0.04a	0.133±0.004a	1.22±0.02a
苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播 Mixed cultivation
CK	22.1±1.1ab	9.1±0.5ab	7.3±0.3ab	2.2±0.1a	0.73±0.03ab	0.132±0.004a	1.25±0.04a
N	25.9±1.6a	10.2±0.7a	8.8±0.5a	2.6±0.2a	0.95±0.07a	0.135±0.003a	1.16±0.02a
W	21.2±2.4ab	8.7±0.9ab	6.9±0.7ab	2.1±0.3a	0.73±0.10ab	0.135±0.005a	1.26±0.05a
N+W	19.8±1.4b	7.8±0.6b	6.8±0.5b	3.0±0.2a	0.69±0.06b	0.144±0.002a	1.15±0.04a

处理 Treatment	土壤酶C/N比 Enzyme C/N		土壤酶C/P比 Enzyme C/P
处理 Treatment	βG/NAG	CB/NAG	βG/AP	CB/AP
苜蓿单播 Alfalfa monoculture
CK	6.5±0.6c	0.33±0.11b	0.58±0.05a	0.033±0.004a
N	12.4±0.6a	0.65±0.11a	0.75±0.06a	0.035±0.006a
W	10.2±1.6ab	0.30±0.02b	0.77±0.14a	0.037±0.006a
N+W	7.7±1.3bc	0.15±0.04b	0.61±0.13a	0.032±0.001a
无芒雀麦单播 Smooth bromegrass monoculture
CK	7.7±0.3a	0.30±0.05a	0.84±0.07a	0.057±0.010a
N	6.4±0.1a	0.32±0.01a	0.70±0.07a	0.052±0.009a
W	8.0±1.0a	0.32±0.07a	1.47±0.33a	0.069±0.006a
N+W	6.8±0.6a	0.28±0.08a	1.25±0.27a	0.087±0.027a
苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播 Mixed cultivation
CK	9.9±0.7a	0.32±0.03ab	0.86±0.12a	0.034±0.003b
N	9.0±0.4a	0.26±0.05b	0.75±0.08a	0.036±0.002b
W	9.5±1.5a	0.40±0.05a	0.91±0.10a	0.038±0.006ab
N+W	8.9±0.5a	0.40±0.04a	1.15±0.20a	0.059±0.012a

项目 Item	全部处理 All treatments				不补水 No water addition			补水 With water addition
项目 Item	Coarse POC	Fine POC	POC	MAOC	Coarse POC	POC	MAOC	Coarse POC	Fine POC	POC	MAOC
土壤微生物量 Soil microbial biomass
PLFA总量 Total PLFA	—	0.424*	0.486*	-0.657**	—	0.554?	-0.679*	—	0.679*	0.534?	-0.767**
革兰氏阳性细菌 G+	—	0.426*	0.461*	-0.628**	—	0.520?	-0.616*	—	0.682*	—	-0.781**
革兰氏阴性细菌 G-	0.390?	0.366?	0.435*	-0.629**	—	0.538?	-0.772**	—	0.585?	—	-0.635*
真菌 Fungi	—	0.419*	0.498*	-0.623**	—	0.574?	-0.660*	0.585?	0.564?	0.550?	-0.733*
丛枝菌根真菌 AMF	0.464*	0.378?	0.508*	-0.632**	—	0.558?	-0.710*	0.617*	0.627*	0.563?	-0.596?
土壤酶活性 Extracellular enzyme activity
βG	—	—	—	—	-0.642*	—	0.685*	—	—	-0.709*	—
CB	—	—	—	—	-0.651*	—	0.711*	—	—	-0.748*	—
土壤酶化学计量比 Enzyme stoichiometric ratio
βG/NAG	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-0.581?	—
CB/NAG	—	—	—	—	-0.691*	—	0.607?	—	—	-0.540?	—
βG/AP	—	-0.463*	-0.476*	0.404?	—	—	—	—	-0.797**	-0.821**	—
CB/AP	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.572?	—	-0.572?	-0.667*	—

人工草地土壤有机碳组分与微生物群落对施氮补水的响应

Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Fractionation and Microbial Community to Nitrogen and Water Addition in Artificial Grassland

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