磷肥不同施用量对紫色土坡面胶体态磷流失的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】农田磷流失风险与磷肥用量密切相关，鉴于土壤胶体在土-水界面磷素迁移转化过程中的重要作用，探讨施用磷肥对紫色土坡面胶体态磷流失的影响及其与产流产沙之间的关系，为从土壤胶体视角认识磷素迁移机制提供科学依据。【方法】试验采用人工模拟降雨和室内分析相结合的方法，开展4个磷肥施用量0（P0）、20（P20）、40（P40）和100（P100）mg·kg^-1下紫色土坡面产流产沙及胶体态磷流失特征研究。【结果】地表径流量受磷肥施用量影响较小, 侵蚀产沙量受磷肥施用量影响较大，施磷后坡面初始产沙量显著降低了49.3%—68.7%，P100处理累积产沙量较其他施磷处理显著降低了26.5%—30.9%。地表径流是紫色土坡面水分散性总磷（WTP）和胶体态磷（CP）的主要流失途径，其流失比例分别占总流失量的57.5%—93.9%和62.3%—94.8%，且CP是地表径流WTP流失的主要形态，占WTP流失量的72.1%—80.7%。施磷显著增加了磷素流失风险，与P0处理相比，施磷后地表径流WTP、CP、DP（溶解态磷）累积流失负荷量分别提高了2.56—20.97倍、2.72—22.21倍、1.17—10.40倍，侵蚀泥沙WTP、CP、DP的累积流失负荷量分别提高了0.24—0.92倍、0.05—1.09倍、0.47—0.76倍。【结论】紫色土坡面胶体态磷流失的主要途径为地表径流，胶体态磷流失与产流过程密切相关，流失负荷量主要取决于磷肥施用量。水分散性总磷与胶体态磷呈极显著相关关系,胶体态磷是紫色土坡面磷素流失主要形态，可以通过调控地表径流，合理减施磷肥以减少坡面CP流失。

关键词: 胶体态磷, 磷肥, 地表径流, 侵蚀泥沙, 紫色土

Abstract:

【Objective】The risk of phosphorus loss from farmland is closely related to the amount of phosphorus fertilizer. Given the important role of soil colloids in the process of phosphorus transport and transformation at the soil-water interface, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on the loss of phosphorus from colloidal state on purple soil slopes and its relationship with runoff and sand production were explored, in order to provide the scientific basis for the understanding of phosphorus transport mechanism from the soil colloid point of view. 【Method】 Combining artificial simulated rainfall with laboratory analysis, the experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of abortion sediment production and colloid phosphorus loss on purple soil slope under the dosage of phosphorus fertilizer 0 (P0), 20 (P20), 40 (P40) and 100 (P100) mg·kg^-1. 【Result】 Surface runoff was less affected by phosphorus fertilizer application, and erosion sand production was more affected by phosphorus fertilizer application. The initial sand production of the slope was significantly reduced by 49.3%-68.7% after phosphorus application, and the cumulative sand production was significantly reduced by 26.5%-30.9% under P100 treatment compared to the other phosphorus treatments. Surface runoff was the main loss pathway of water-dispersible total phosphorus (WTP) and colloidal phosphorus (CP) from purple soil slopes, which accounted for 57.5%-93.9 and 62.3%-94.8% of the total loss, respectively; CP was the main form of WTP loss from surface runoff, which accounted for 72.1%-80.7% of the WTP loss. Phosphorus application significantly increased the risk of phosphorus loss. Compared with P0 treatment, the cumulative loss loads of surface runoff WTP, CP, and DP (dissolved phosphorus) under phosphorus fertilizer application treatments were increased by 2.56-20.97, 2.72-22.21, and 1.17-10.40 times after phosphorus application, respectively, and the cumulative loss loads of eroded sediment WTP, CP, and DP were increased by 0.24-0.92 times, 0.05-1.09 times, 0.47-0.76 times, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The main pathway of colloidal phosphorus loss from purple soil slopes was surface runoff, and the characteristics of concentration change were closely related to the flow production process, while the loss load mainly depended on the phosphorus content of slope soil and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied. Total water dispersible phosphorus and colloidal phosphorus showed a highly significant correlation, colloidal phosphorus was the main form of phosphorus loss on purple soil slopes, and CP loss on slopes could be reduced by regulating surface runoff and reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer.

Key words: colloidal phosphorus, phosphorus fertilizer, surface runoff, erosion sediment, purple soil

仲金平, 郑子成, 李廷轩, 何晓玲. 磷肥不同施用量对紫色土坡面胶体态磷流失的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(8): 1547-1559.

ZHONG JinPing, ZHENG ZiCheng, LI TingXuan, HE XiaoLing. Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates on the Loss of Colloidal Phosphorus on Purple Soil Slopes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(8): 1547-1559.

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