土壤管理措施对坡耕地侵蚀退化耕层的恢复作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀严重,研究土壤管理措施对不同侵蚀程度坡耕地耕层侵蚀恢复作用,为紫色土坡耕地耕层质量调控和坡耕地持续利用提供理论及实践依据。【方法】采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）检验各指标的差异显著性,研究不施肥（CK）、施化肥（F）、施生物炭+化肥（BF）3种土壤管理措施对侵蚀0 cm（S_-0）、侵蚀5 cm（S_-5）、侵蚀10 cm（S_-10）、侵蚀15 cm（S_-15）、侵蚀20 cm（S_-20） 5个不同侵蚀程度坡耕地耕层土壤属性的恢复作用。【结果】（1）随侵蚀程度增加,土壤砂粒含量由38.1%—42.4%逐渐增至44.2%—46.4%,土壤黏粒含量由12.6%—14.8%逐渐减少至9.6%—11.0%;与S_-0、S_-5、S_-10相比,S_-15、S_-20土壤容重显著增大;S_-10侵蚀程度下,土壤抗剪强度最大,在8.71—9.56 kg·cm^-2之间;F、BF处理下S_-15侵蚀程度的土壤稳定入渗率、平均入渗率降幅均最大。（2）不同管理措施下坡耕地耕层土壤属性差异显著,BF处理下土壤砂粒含量小、黏粒含量最大,0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层土壤容重显著低于CK（P<0.05）,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度均显著高于CK、F处理;BF处理下土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、平均入渗率均最大,CK处理最小;与CK处理相比,BF处理土壤抗剪强度显著增大。（3）随侵蚀程度增加,土壤可蚀性K值显著下降,与S_-0相比,S_-20侵蚀程度下土壤可蚀性K值下降0.1960%—0.2192%;BF处理下土壤可蚀性K值最大,F处理次之,CK最小;S_-10侵蚀程度下F、BF处理的K值均较CK增加幅度最大,分别增加0.0684%、0.1404%。【结论】施加生物炭+化肥在改善土壤物质组成、结构特征、提高土壤蓄渗性能等方面较单施化肥效果更为显著,可有效减轻紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤侵蚀,对侵蚀10 cm条件下的坡耕地耕作层（0—20 cm）土壤的改良效果最佳。

关键词: 紫色土坡耕地, 耕层, 侵蚀程度, 管理措施, 土壤可蚀性

Abstract:

【Objective】The soil erosion of purple soil slope farmland is serious. The study on the effects of soil management measures on the restoration of soil erosion of different erosion degree of cultivated-layer in slope farmland could provide a theoretical and practical basis for the quality control and sustainable utilization of purple soil slope farmland. 【Method】One way ANOVA was used to test the significance of the differences of each index, and the effects of soil management measures on the restoration of soil properties in the cultivated-layer of slope farmland with five degrees of erosion was studied. 【Result】(1) With the increase of erosion degree, the content of sand increased from 38.1%-42.4% to 44.2%-46.4%, while the content of clay decreased from 12.6%-14.8% to 9.6%-11.0%. Compared with S_-0, S_-5 and S_-10, soil bulk density of S_-15 and S_-20 increased significantly. Under the S_-10 erosion degree, the total porosity and capillary porosity decreased the most, and the shear strength of soil was the largest, between 8.71 and 9.56 kg·cm^-2. Under the treatments of F and BF, the stable infiltration rate and average infiltration rate of S_-15 erosion degree soil decreased the most. (2) There was significant difference in soil properties of cultivated-layer under different management measures. The soil bulk density of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers under fertilization treatments was significantly lower than that under CK (P<0.05), and the soil total porosity and capillary porosity were significantly higher than that under CK and F. Under BF treatment, the initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate and average infiltration rate were the largest, while those under CK treatment are the smallest. Compared with CK treatment, the shear strength of BF treatment increased significantly. (3) With the increase of erosion degree, K value of soil erodibility decreased significantly. Compared with S_-0, K value of soil erodibility was decreased by 0.1960%-0.2192% under S_-20 erosion degree. Under BF treatment, K value of soil erodibility was the highest, followed by F treatment, and CK was the lowest. Compared with CK, the increase of F and BF in S_-10 was the largest, with an increase of 0.0684% and 0.1404%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The application of biochar and chemical fertilizer was more effective than that of chemical fertilizer alone in improving soil material composition, structural characteristics and soil water storage and permeability. Applying biochar and chemical fertilizer could effectively reduce the soil erosion in the cultivated-layer of purple soil slope farmland, and the effects of soil improvement in the cultivated-layer (0-20 cm) of 10 cm slope was the best.

Key words: slope farmland of purple soil, cultivated-layer, erosion degree, management measures, soil erodibility

宋鸽,史东梅,蒋光毅,江娜,叶青,张健乐. 土壤管理措施对坡耕地侵蚀退化耕层的恢复作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(8): 1702-1714.

SONG Ge,SHI DongMei,JIANG GuangYi,JIANG Na,YE Qing,ZHANG JianLe. Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Restoration of Eroded and Degraded Cultivated-Layer in Slope Farmland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(8): 1702-1714.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I8/1702

图/表 12

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表2

表3

参考文献 33

[1]	张怡, 何丙辉, 王仁新, 郭志敏, 唐柄哲. 横坡和顺坡耕作对紫色土土壤团聚体稳定性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2013,21(2):192-198.
	ZHANG Y, HE B H, WANG R X, GUO Z M, TANG B Z. Effects of across-and along-slope ploughs on soil aggregate stability. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013,21(2):192-198. (in Chinese)
[2]	文安邦, 张信宝, 王玉宽, 张一云, 徐家云, 白立新. 长江上游紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀-(137)Cs示踪法研究. 山地学报, 2001,19(S1):56-59.
	WEN A B, ZHANG X B, WANG Y K, ZHANG Y Y, XU J Y, BAI L X. A study on soil erosion rates of the purple slope cultivated land using caesium-137 technique in the upper of the Yangtze River. Journal of Mountain Science, 2001,19(S1):56-59. (in Chinese)
[3]	苏正安, 熊东红, 张建辉, 董一帆, 杨超, 张小波, 鲜纪绅. 紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀及其防治措施研究进展. 中国水土保持, 2018(2):42-47, 69.
	SU Z A, XIONG D H, ZHANG J H, DONG Y F, YANG C, ZHANG X B, XIAN J S. Research progress of soil erosion of purple soil slope farmland and its prevention and control measures. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2018(2):42-47, 69. (in Chinese)
[4]	史东梅. 基于RUSLE模型的紫色丘陵区坡耕地水土保持研究. 水土保持学报, 2010,24(3):39-44, 251.
	SHI D M. Soil and water conservation on cultivated slope land in purple hilly area based on RUSLE model. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010,24(3):39-44, 251. (in Chinese)
[5]	葛方龙, 张建辉, 苏正安, 聂小军. 坡耕地紫色土养分空间变异对土壤侵蚀的响应. 生态学报, 2007(2):57-62.
	GE F L, ZHANG J H, SU Z A, NIE X J. Response of changes in soil nutrients to soil erosion on a purple soil of cultivated sloping land. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2007(2):57-62. (in Chinese)
[6]	林超文, 庞良玉, 罗春燕, 陈一兵, 黄晶晶, 涂仕华, 张鸿. 平衡施肥及雨强对紫色土养分流失的影响. 生态学报, 2009(10):394-402.
	LIN C W, PANG L Y, LUO C Y, CHEN Y B, HUANG J J, TU S H, ZHANG H. Effect of balanced fertilization and rain intensity on nutrient losses from a purple soil in Sichuan. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2009(10):394-402. (in Chinese)
[7]	李富程, 张建辉. 耕作侵蚀对紫色土坡耕地土壤水分分布的影响. 水土保持学报, 2013(1):222-225, 264.
	LI F C, ZHANG J H. Spatial distribution of soil moisture in relation to soil redistribution by intense tillage in purple soils. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013(1):222-225, 264. (in Chinese)
[8]	史东梅, 蒋光毅, 蒋平, 娄义宝, 丁文斌, 金慧芳. 土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响. 农业工程学报, 2017,33(13):270-279.
	SHI D M, JIANG G Y, JIANG P, LOU Y B, DING W B, JIN H F. Effects of soil erosion factors on cultivated-layer quality of slope farmland in purple hilly area. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017,33(13):270-279. (in Chinese)
[9]	林超文, 罗春燕, 庞良玉, 黄晶晶, 付登伟, 涂仕华, 蒲波. 不同耕作和覆盖方式对紫色丘陵区坡耕地水土及养分流失的影响. 生态学报, 2010,30(22):6091-6101.
	LIN C W, LUO C Y, PANG L Y, HUANG J J, FU D W, TU S H, PU B. Effects of different cultivation and mulching methods on soil erosion and nutrient losses from a purple soil of sloping land. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2010,30(22):6091-6101. (in Chinese)
[10]	柴冠群, 赵亚南, 黄兴成, 张跃强, 石孝均. 不同炭基改良剂提升紫色土蓄水保墒能力. 水土保持学报, 2017(1):299-305, 312.
	CHAI G Q, ZHAO Y N, HUANG X C, ZHANG Y Q, SHI X J. Effects of different carbonaceous conditioners on water retention capacity of purple soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017(1):299-305, 312. (in Chinese)
[11]	代快, 计思贵, 张立猛, 李江舟, 乔志新, 焦永鸽, 张庆忠. 生物炭对云南典型植烟土壤持水性及烤烟产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(4):44-51.
	DAI K, JI S G, ZHANG L M, LI J Z, QIAO Z X, JIAO Y G, ZHANG Q Z. Effect of biochar application on soil water retention and flue-cured tobacco yield in Yunnan typical soils. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2017(4):44-51. (in Chinese)
[12]	KARHU K, MATTILA T, IRINA B, REGINA K. Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH₄ uptake and water holding capacity- results from a short-term pilot field study. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2011,140(1):309-313.
[13]	PRIIT T, ASKO S, PIRJO M, FREDERICK L S, LAURA A, JUHA H. Short-term effects of biochar on soil properties and wheat yield formation with meat bone meal and inorganic fertiliser on a boreal loamy sand. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2014,191:108-116. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.007
[14]	LAIRD D A, FLEMING P, DAVIS D D, HORTON R, WANG B Q, DOUGLAS L K. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma, 2010,158(3/4):440-449.
[15]	王红兰, 唐翔宇, 张维, 刘琛, 关卓, 校亮. 施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响. 农业工程学报, 2015,31(4):107-112.
	WANG H L, TANG X Y, ZHANG W, LIU C, GUAN Z, XIAO L. Effects of biochar application on tilth soil hydraulic properties of slope cropland of purple soil. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015,31(4):107-112. (in Chinese)
[16]	张旭辉, 李治玲, 李勇, 王洋清. 施用生物炭对西南地区紫色土和黄壤的作用效果. 草业学报, 2017,26(4):63-72.
	ZHANG X H, LI Z L, LI Y, WANG Y Q. Effect of biochar amendment on purple and yellow soil. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017,26(4):63-72. (in Chinese)
[17]	SHIRAZI M A, HART J W, BOERSMA L. A unifying quantitative analysis of soil texture: improvement of precision and extension of scale. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1988,52(1):181. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010032x
[18]	江娜, 史东梅, 蒋光毅, 宋鸽, 司承静, 叶青. 土壤侵蚀对紫色土坡耕地耕层物理及力学特性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2020,53(9):1845-1859. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.09.012
	JIANG N, SHI D M, JIANG G Y, SONG G, SI C J, YE Q. Effects of soil erosion on physical and mechanical properties of cultivated layer of purple soil slope farmland. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020,53(9):1845-1859. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.09.012
[19]	李帅霖, 王霞, 王朔, 张永旺, 王杉杉, 上官周平. 生物炭施用方式及用量对土壤水分入渗与蒸发的影响. 农业工程学报, 2016,32(14):135-144.
	LI S L, WANG X, WANG S, ZHANG Y W, WANG S S, SHANG GUAN Z P. Effects of application patterns and amount of biochar on water infiltration and evaporation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016,32(14):135-144. (in Chinese)
[20]	吴昱, 刘慧, 杨爱峥, 赵雨森. 黑土区坡耕地施加生物炭对水土流失的影响. 农业机械学报, 2018,49(5):287-294.
	WU Y, LIU H, YANG A Z, ZHAO Y S. Influences of biochar supply on water and soil erosion in slopping farm-land of black soil region. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2018,49(5):287-294. (in Chinese)
[21]	BORSELLI L, TORRI D, POESEN J, IAQUINTA P. A robust algorithm for estimating soil erodibility in different climates. Catena, 2012,97:85-94. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2012.05.012
[22]	YANG X H, GRAY J, CHAPMAN G, ZHU Q G Z, TULAU M, MCINNES-CLARKE S. Digital mapping of soil erodibility for water erosion in New South Wales, Australia. Soil Research, 2017(2). https://doi.org/10.1071/sr17058. doi: 10.1071/SR16332 pmid: 33584863
[23]	文安邦, 齐永青, 汪阳春, 贺秀斌, 伏介雄, 张信宝. 三峡地区侵蚀泥沙的-(137)Cs法研究. 水土保持学报, 2005(2):33-36.
	WEN A B, QI Y Q, WANG Y C, HE X B, DAI J X, ZHANG X B. Study on erosion and sedimentation in Yangtze Three Gorge Region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005(2):33-36. (in Chinese)
[24]	徐文秀, 韦杰, 李进林, 鲍玉海, 李沙沙. 三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土的可蚀性研究. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(3):7-11, 18.
	XU W X, WEI J, LI J L, BAO Y H, LI S S. Topsoil erodibility on purple soil sloping farmlands in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019,39(3):7-11, 18. (in Chinese)
[25]	吴媛媛, 杨明义, 张风宝, 张加琼, 赵恬茵, 刘淼. 添加生物炭对黄绵土耕层土壤可蚀性的影响. 土壤学报, 2016,53(1):81-92.
	WU Y Y, YANG M Y, ZHANG F B, ZHANG J Q, ZHAO T Y, LIU M. Effect of biochar application on erodibility of plow layer soil on loess slopes. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2016,53(1):81-92. (in Chinese)
[26]	邓良基, 侯大斌, 王昌全, 张世熔, 夏建国. 四川自然土壤和旱耕地土壤可蚀性特征研究. 中国水土保持, 2003(7):23-25.
	DENG L J, HOU D B, WANG C Q, ZHANG S R, XIA J G. Study on characteristics of erodibility of natural soil and non-irrigated soil of Sichuan. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2003(7):23-25. (in Chinese)
[27]	朱冰冰, 李占斌, 李鹏, 沈中原, 卢金伟. 土地退化/恢复中土壤可蚀性动态变化. 农业工程学报, 2009,25(2):56-61.
	ZHU B B, LI Z B, LI P, SHEN Z Y, LU J W. Dynamic changes of soil erodibility during process of land degradation and restoration. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009,25(2):56-61. (in Chinese)
[28]	OGUNTUNDE P G, ABIODUN B J, AJAYI A E, GIESEN N. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008,171(4):591-596. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624
[29]	吴媛媛. 添加生物炭对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响研究[D]. 杨凌: 中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心), 2016.
	WU Y Y. Effect of biochar application on soil erosion of Loess Slopes[D]. Yangling: The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (In partial fulfillment of the requirement), 2016. (in Chinese)
[30]	李晓, 张吉旺, 李恋卿, 潘根兴, 张旭辉, 郑聚锋, 郑金伟, 俞欣妍, 王家芳. 施用生物质炭对黄淮海地区玉米生长和土壤性质的影响. 土壤, 2014(2):269-274.
	LI X, ZHANG J W, LI L Q, PAN G X, ZHANG X H, ZHENG J F, ZHENG J W, YU X Y, WANG J F. Effects of biochar amendment on maize growth and soil properties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Soils, 2014(2):269-274. (in Chinese)
[31]	刘祥宏. 生物炭在黄土高原典型土壤中的改良作用[D]. 杨凌: 中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心), 2013.
	LIU X H. Effects of biochar application on soil improvement on the Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling: The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (In partial fulfillment of the requirement), 2013. (in Chinese)
[32]	HSEU Z Y, JIEN S H, CHIEN W H, LIOU R C. Impacts of biochar on physical properties and erosion potential of a mudstone slopeland soil. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/602197.
[33]	JIEN S H, WANG C S. Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena, 2013,110:225-233. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.021

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity (%)	土壤抗剪强度 Soil shearing strength (kg·cm^-2)
0-10	44.00	45.33	10.67	1.33	49.56	34.01	6.32
10-20	42.67	45.33	12.00	1.32	48.06	33.78	7.51

管理措施 Management measure	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	侵蚀程度 Erosion degree
管理措施 Management measure	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	S_-0	S_-5	S_-10	S_-15	S_-20
CK	0-10	0.04832Ca	0.04829Bb	0.04826Cc	0.04824Cd	0.04822Ce
CK	10-20	0.04834Ca	0.04832Cb	0.04828Cc	0.04826Cd	0.04824Ce
F	0-10	0.04834Ba	0.04832Ab	0.04829Bc	0.04827Bd	0.04825Be
F	10-20	0.04836Ba	0.04834Bb	0.04832Bc	0.04829Bd	0.04826Be
BF	0-10	0.04836Aa	0.04835Ab	0.04833Ac	0.04829Ad	0.04827Ae
BF	10-20	0.04839Aa	0.04837Aa	0.04835Ab	0.04831Ac	0.04829Ad

管理措施 Management measure	砂粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	黏粒 Clay	容重 Bulk density	总孔隙度 Total porosity	毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity	土壤抗剪强度 Soil shearing strength	初始入渗率 Initial infiltration rate	稳定入渗率 Infiltration capacity	平均入渗率 Average infiltration rate	饱和导水率 Hydraulic conductivity
CK	-0.997^**	0.996^**	0.998^**	-0.982^**	0.992^**	0.996^**	0.363	0.995^**	0.988^**	0.990^**	0.993^**
F	-0.992^**	0.991^**	0.992^**	-0.965^**	0.992^**	0.988^**	0.569	0.981^**	0.977^**	0.980^**	0.976^**
BF	-0.996^**	0.997^**	0.996^**	-0.996^**	0.993^**	0.994^**	0.534	0.984^**	0.973^**	0.980^**	0.983^**