中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (24): 4826-4841.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.003

• 耕作栽培・生理生化・农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同抗旱性春小麦根系生长对干旱胁迫的响应及滴灌复水补偿效应

王荣荣(), 陈天鹏, 尹豪杰, 蒋桂英()   

  1. 石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-12 接受日期:2023-05-21 出版日期:2023-12-16 发布日期:2023-12-21
  • 通信作者:
    蒋桂英,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 王荣荣,E-mail:1179679457@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32060422); 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202210759001); 南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2021DB010)

Response and Drip Irrigation Re-Watering Compensation Effect of Spring Wheat Roots to Drought Stress with Different Drought Tolerance Varieties

WANG RongRong(), CHEN TianPeng, YIN HaoJie, JIANG GuiYing()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang
  • Received:2023-04-12 Accepted:2023-05-21 Published:2023-12-16 Online:2023-12-21

摘要:

【目的】研究不同干旱敏感型春小麦根系生长对阶段干旱胁迫的形态及生理响应差异,阐明新疆滴灌条件下春小麦的抗旱节水生理机制,为新疆麦区进一步节水高产提供科学依据。【方法】2021—2022年采用土柱栽培法,以强抗旱性品种新春6号和弱抗旱性品种新春22号为材料,分蘖和拔节期分别设置轻度(T1和T3,60%—65% FC,FC为田间持水量)、中度(T2和T4,45%—50% FC)干旱胁迫处理后滴灌复水,以常规滴灌为对照(CK,75%—80% FC),研究生育前期干旱胁迫下根系形态特征(根长密度(RLD)、根体积密度(RVD))、抗氧化系统(丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD))、渗透物质(脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS))及根系活力的时空变化特征,分析滴灌春小麦根系生长对干旱-复水的补偿效应。【结果】随干旱胁迫程度增加,根长密度和根体积密度呈先增后降的变化趋势,轻度干旱(T1和T3)条件下,显著增加了20—60 cm土层的根长密度和根体积密度。各土层根系丙二醛含量随着胁迫程度的加剧呈上升趋势,而SOD、POD、脯氨酸及可溶性糖均随干旱程度加剧呈先升后降趋势,并随土层加深逐渐增大。T1处理复水后,根系形态特征、抗氧化酶活性、渗透物质、根系活力均达到最大值,进而提高产量,较其余处理增加2.77%—19.58%。逐步回归分析表明,根体积密度和可溶性糖是决定产量的重要因素,根长密度、SOD和可溶性糖是对新春6号抗旱性影响较为显著的指标,根长密度、丙二醛含量以及POD是对新春22号抗旱性影响较为显著的指标。【结论】春小麦在分蘖和拔节期维持60%—65%田间持水量,滴灌复水后会增加根系在20—60 cm土层的分配比例,提高根系清除活性氧及渗透调节能力,延缓根系衰老,改善根系生理特性,进而提高产量。

关键词: 春小麦, 干旱胁迫, 分蘖和拔节期, 根系生长, 补偿效应

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in morphological and physiological responses of root growth of drip irrigated spring wheat with different drought sensitivity to stage drought stress, to further elaborate the physiological mechanisms of drought resistance and water conservation in drip irrigated spring wheat in Xinjiang, and to provide a theoretical basis for further water-saving and high-yield in Xinjiang wheat region. 【Method】 From 2021-2022, the strong drought resistance variety Xinchun 6 and the weak drought resistance variety Xinchun 22 were used as the test materials by using the soil column cultivation method. Mild (T1 and T3, 60%-65% FC, FC is the field capacity) and moderate (T2 and T4, 45%-50% FC) drought stress treatments were conducted during the tillering and jointing stages, with conventional irrigation as the control (CK, 75%-80% FC), the effects of pre-reproductive drought stress on root morphological characteristics (root length density (RLD), root volume density (RVD)), antioxidant system (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)), osmoregulation substance (proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS)) and spatial and temporal characteristics of root activity were studied. The compensatory effect of drip irrigated spring wheat root growth on drought-rehydration was analyzed.【Result】RLD and RVD showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing drought stress, and under mild drought (T1 and T3) conditions, RLD and RVD in the 20-60 cm soil layer were significantly increased. The MDA content in the root of each soil layer showed an upward trend with the intensification of stress, while SOD, POD, Pro, and SS all increased first and then decreased with the intensification of drought, and gradually increased with the deepening of the soil layer. After rehydration of T1 treatment, root morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic substances and root activity all reached the maximum value, which in turn increased the yield by 2.77% to 19.58% compared to the rest of the treatments. Stepwise regression analysis showed that RVD and SS were important determinants of yield, RLD, SOD and SS were the most significant indicators of Xinchun 6 drought resistance; RLD, MDA and POD were the most significant indicators of Xinchun 22 drought resistance.【Conclusion】Spring wheat maintains 60%-65% FC during the tillering and jointing stages, after drip irrigation and rehydration, it increases the distribution proportion of roots in the 20-60 cm soil layer, enhances the root system’s ability to remove reactive oxygen species and osmotic adjustment, delays root senescence and improves root physiological characteristics, thus increasing yield.

Key words: spring wheat, drought stress, tillering and jointing stages, root growth, compensation effect