不同抗旱性春小麦根系生长对干旱胁迫的响应及滴灌复水补偿效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同干旱敏感型春小麦根系生长对阶段干旱胁迫的形态及生理响应差异，阐明新疆滴灌条件下春小麦的抗旱节水生理机制，为新疆麦区进一步节水高产提供科学依据。【方法】2021—2022年采用土柱栽培法，以强抗旱性品种新春6号和弱抗旱性品种新春22号为材料，分蘖和拔节期分别设置轻度（T1和T3，60%—65% FC，FC为田间持水量）、中度（T2和T4，45%—50% FC）干旱胁迫处理后滴灌复水，以常规滴灌为对照（CK，75%—80% FC），研究生育前期干旱胁迫下根系形态特征（根长密度（RLD）、根体积密度（RVD））、抗氧化系统（丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD））、渗透物质（脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性糖（SS））及根系活力的时空变化特征，分析滴灌春小麦根系生长对干旱-复水的补偿效应。【结果】随干旱胁迫程度增加，根长密度和根体积密度呈先增后降的变化趋势，轻度干旱（T1和T3）条件下，显著增加了20—60 cm土层的根长密度和根体积密度。各土层根系丙二醛含量随着胁迫程度的加剧呈上升趋势，而SOD、POD、脯氨酸及可溶性糖均随干旱程度加剧呈先升后降趋势，并随土层加深逐渐增大。T1处理复水后，根系形态特征、抗氧化酶活性、渗透物质、根系活力均达到最大值，进而提高产量，较其余处理增加2.77%—19.58%。逐步回归分析表明，根体积密度和可溶性糖是决定产量的重要因素，根长密度、SOD和可溶性糖是对新春6号抗旱性影响较为显著的指标，根长密度、丙二醛含量以及POD是对新春22号抗旱性影响较为显著的指标。【结论】春小麦在分蘖和拔节期维持60%—65%田间持水量，滴灌复水后会增加根系在20—60 cm土层的分配比例，提高根系清除活性氧及渗透调节能力，延缓根系衰老，改善根系生理特性，进而提高产量。

关键词: 春小麦, 干旱胁迫, 分蘖和拔节期, 根系生长, 补偿效应

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in morphological and physiological responses of root growth of drip irrigated spring wheat with different drought sensitivity to stage drought stress, to further elaborate the physiological mechanisms of drought resistance and water conservation in drip irrigated spring wheat in Xinjiang, and to provide a theoretical basis for further water-saving and high-yield in Xinjiang wheat region. 【Method】 From 2021-2022, the strong drought resistance variety Xinchun 6 and the weak drought resistance variety Xinchun 22 were used as the test materials by using the soil column cultivation method. Mild (T1 and T3, 60%-65% FC, FC is the field capacity) and moderate (T2 and T4, 45%-50% FC) drought stress treatments were conducted during the tillering and jointing stages, with conventional irrigation as the control (CK, 75%-80% FC), the effects of pre-reproductive drought stress on root morphological characteristics (root length density (RLD), root volume density (RVD)), antioxidant system (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)), osmoregulation substance (proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS)) and spatial and temporal characteristics of root activity were studied. The compensatory effect of drip irrigated spring wheat root growth on drought-rehydration was analyzed.【Result】RLD and RVD showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing drought stress, and under mild drought (T1 and T3) conditions, RLD and RVD in the 20-60 cm soil layer were significantly increased. The MDA content in the root of each soil layer showed an upward trend with the intensification of stress, while SOD, POD, Pro, and SS all increased first and then decreased with the intensification of drought, and gradually increased with the deepening of the soil layer. After rehydration of T1 treatment, root morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic substances and root activity all reached the maximum value, which in turn increased the yield by 2.77% to 19.58% compared to the rest of the treatments. Stepwise regression analysis showed that RVD and SS were important determinants of yield, RLD, SOD and SS were the most significant indicators of Xinchun 6 drought resistance; RLD, MDA and POD were the most significant indicators of Xinchun 22 drought resistance.【Conclusion】Spring wheat maintains 60%-65% FC during the tillering and jointing stages, after drip irrigation and rehydration, it increases the distribution proportion of roots in the 20-60 cm soil layer, enhances the root system’s ability to remove reactive oxygen species and osmotic adjustment, delays root senescence and improves root physiological characteristics, thus increasing yield.

Key words: spring wheat, drought stress, tillering and jointing stages, root growth, compensation effect

王荣荣, 陈天鹏, 尹豪杰, 蒋桂英. 不同抗旱性春小麦根系生长对干旱胁迫的响应及滴灌复水补偿效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(24): 4826-4841.

WANG RongRong, CHEN TianPeng, YIN HaoJie, JIANG GuiYing. Response and Drip Irrigation Re-Watering Compensation Effect of Spring Wheat Roots to Drought Stress with Different Drought Tolerance Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4826-4841.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I24/4826

图/表 14

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表3

干旱胁迫对不同抗旱性春小麦品种根系形态相关性状的影响"

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	土壤土层 Soil depth (cm)	根长密度 Root length density (RLD) (cm·cm^-3)			根体积密度 Root volume density (RVD) (cm³·cm^-3)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	土壤土层 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage
新春6号 Xinchun 6	CK	0-20	0.67±0.01a	1.96±0.06a	2.80±0.01a	0.26±0.05a	0.38±0.01a	0.65±0.01a
		20-40	0.21±0.02c	1.09±0.08e	1.86±0.04e	0.14±0.04c	0.23±0.01d	0.47±0.01c
		40-60	-	0.58±0.07e	1.42±0.05e	-	0.12±0.02e	0.30±0.01c
	T1	0-20	0.61±0.02b	1.82±0.06b	2.65±0.09b	0.24±0.03b	0.33±0.04b	0.61±0.01b
		20-40	0.28±0.08a	1.70±0.03a	2.47±0.08a	0.17±0.01a	0.30±0.02a	0.54±0.02a
		40-60	-	1.14±0.07a	1.80±0.01a	-	0.19±0.02a	0.34±0.01a
	T2	0-20	0.52±0.03c	1.60±0.02d	2.39±0.03d	0.21±0.01c	0.29±0.01d	0.56±0.01c
		20-40	0.26±0.05b	1.43±0.04c	2.22±0.06c	0.15±0.05b	0.29±0.01d	0.52±0.02ab
		40-60	-	0.82±0.04c	1.58±0.04c	-	0.27±0.01b	0.33±0.02ab
	T3	0-20	-	1.64±0.04c	2.55±0.05c	-	0.31±0.01c	0.59±0.01b
		20-40	-	1.57±0.05b	2.34±0.05b	-	0.28±0.04b	0.53±0.01a
		40-60	-	1.04±0.10b	1.71±0.02b	-	0.17±0.03b	0.33±0.02ab
	T4	0-20	-	1.53±0.07e	2.27±0.02e	-	0.28±0.04e	0.54±0.01c
		20-40	-	1.33±0.04d	2.03±0.01d	-	0.25±0.01c	0.50±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.60±0.05d	1.52±0.01d	-	0.14±0.04d	0.31±0.02bc
新春22号 Xinchun 22	CK	0-20	0.55±0.01a	1.65±0.09a	2.50±0.08a	0.24±0.02a	0.32±0.01a	0.57±0.01a
		20-40	0.17±0.03c	1.03±0.01e	1.71±0.06e	0.11±0.01c	0.21±0.01c	0.42±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.52±0.06e	1.11±0.02e	-	0.12±0.01d	0.27±0.01b
	T1	0-20	0.49±0.01b	1.46±0.07b	2.42±0.07b	0.21±0.01b	0.30±0.01b	0.56±0.02ab
		20-40	0.22±0.05a	1.43±0.04a	2.29±0.05a	0.14±0.01a	0.28±0.01a	0.47±0.02a
		40-60	-	1.09±0.03a	1.35±0.02a	-	0.17±0.01a	0.32±0.01a
	T2	0-20	0.45±0.05c	1.22±0.07d	2.13±0.08d	0.18±0.01c	0.26±0.05cd	0.51±0.01c
		20-40	0.20±0.03b	1.15±0.08c	1.92±0.06c	0.13±0.02b	0.22±0.03b	0.42±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.75±0.03c	1.21±0.03c	-	0.15±0.03b	0.31±0.01a
	T3	0-20	-	1.35±0.02c	2.29±0.08c	-	0.26±0.01c	0.54±0.01b
		20-40	-	1.32±0.10b	2.04±0.09b	-	0.23±0.01b	0.47±0.01a
		40-60	-	0.94±0.09b	1.26±0.06b	-	0.15±0.04b	0.31±0.01a
	T4	0-20	-	1.17±0.05e	1.98±0.08e	-	0.25±0.01d	0.49±0.01d
		20-40	-	1.13±0.07d	1.74±0.04d	-	0.21±0.03c	0.43±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.54±0.03d	1.14±0.04d	-	0.13±0.01c	0.29±0.01b
品种Variety (V)			**	**	**	**	**	**
处理Treatment (T)			**	**	**	**	**	**
V×T			**	**	**	**	ns	ns

表3

图3

表4

表5

表6

表7

图4

表8

表9

表10

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[29]	WANG J T, DU G F, TIAN J S, JIANG C D, ZHANG Y L, ZHANG W F. Mulched drip irrigation increases cotton yield and water use efficiency via improving fine root plasticity. Agricultural Water Management, 2021, 255: 106992. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106992
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[31]	张馨月, 王寅, 陈健, 陈安吉, 王莉颖, 郭晓颖, 牛雅郦, 张星宇, 陈利东, 高强. 水分和氮素对玉米苗期生长、根系形态及分布的影响. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 34-44. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.004.
	ZHANG X Y, WANG Y, CHEN J, CHEN A J, WANG L Y, GUO X Y, NIU Y L, ZHANG X Y, CHEN L D, GAO Q. Effects of soil water and nitrogen on plant growth, root morphology and spatial distribution of maize at the seedling stage. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 34-44. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.004. (in Chinese)
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年份 Year	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic (g·kg^-1)	pH
2021	1.37	58.71	16.96	139.02	17.84	7.6
2022	1.35	61.30	16.07	143.66	18.31	7.7

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	13.85±1.06b	12.06±1.06b	19.44±1.02c	19.11±1.01bc	30.88±1.76b	28.47±1.92bc
	20-40	18.14±0.83b	16.10±0.49b	23.56±1.23c	23.77±1.53b	34.47±0.49c	30.58±2.22bc
	40-60	-	-	26.91±1.20c	26.75±1.19b	38.92±0.68c	32.75±0.82c
T1	0-20	17.37±0.93a	15.43±1.24a	22.62±0.99b	21.77±1.14ab	35.96±1.46a	36.00±2.91a
	20-40	21.65±0.97a	21.01±0.30a	27.09±1.26ab	27.85±1.87a	39.41±2.80a	37.55±2.60a
	40-60	-	-	30.36±1.13ab	30.58±2.20a	43.78±0.76a	40.64±2.59a
T2	0-20	15.21±1.16b	10.07±1.13b	20.57±1.01c	17.38±1.81c	33.81±1.58ab	27.59±2.45bc
	20-40	19.18±1.12b	13.81±2.28b	24.74±1.32c	21.18±0.49c	36.79±1.09abc	29.65±2.56bc
	40-60	-	-	28.07±1.13bc	23.25±1.42c	41.50±1.42b	32.30±1.75c
T3	0-20	-	-	24.60±1.12a	22.75±1.40a	35.46±1.80a	32.07±2.47ab
	20-40	-	-	28.87±0.56a	28.42±0.47a	38.77±0.71ab	33.72±2.49ab
	40-60	-	-	32.31±1.40a	31.57±2.19a	43.45±1.05a	36.88±2.10b
T4	0-20	-	-	21.31±1.07bc	18.58±1.84c	32.79±1.68ab	26.38±2.34c
	20-40	-	-	25.76±1.45bc	22.36±0.44bc	36.32±0.92bc	28.55±2.41c
	40-60	-	-	29.03±1.45bc	26.24±1.61bc	40.86±1.07b	31.28±2.17c
品种Variety (V)		**		*		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		*		*

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	39.52±2.41c	35.53±0.96b	72.88±3.55e	69.28±3.79c	186.59±7.62d	181.34±5.25bc
	20-40	47.83±2.47b	44.59±1.55b	81.56±4.31d	78.38±3.20c	216.54±12.35c	193.76±6.43b
	40-60	-	-	86.83±3.67d	85.67±3.37c	225.25±8.86c	213.73±7.18b
T1	0-20	74.23±2.45a	57.20±1.22a	107.71±4.72b	87.36±4.75b	243.97±9.46a	219.32±10.56a
	20-40	78.21±3.42a	61.51±1.56a	111.37±4.73b	91.17±3.23b	263.93±8.83a	227.55±9.98a
	40-60	-	-	119.05±5.81b	98.70±5.56b	270.08±8.49a	246.92±10.01a
T2	0-20	47.41±1.90b	31.94±0.51c	82.83±4.24d	60.65±3.61d	207.63±7.77c	176.99±6.19bc
	20-40	51.99±1.99b	40.63±1.87c	85.64±4.35d	65.07±2.77d	231.64±8.32bc	190.59±6.30bc
	40-60	-	-	90.49±4.63d	70.15±2.58d	238.32±9.26c	210.14±7.77b
T3	0-20	-	-	121.16±4.82a	100.64±4.81a	225.87±8.13b	191.86±10.43b
	20-40	-	-	129.17±6.29a	108.82±5.19a	246.01±9.58b	202.61±9.89b
	40-60	-	-	135.90±5.43a	113.75±3.83a	252.99±6.76b	224.20±10.04b
T4	0-20	-	-	94.60±4.52c	62.56±2.84cd	196.06±7.09cd	167.18±7.10c
	20-40	-	-	99.65±3.77c	71.22±3.59d	222.49±8.60c	177.99±6.34c
	40-60	-	-	104.86±5.27c	76.35±2.99d	228.76±6.42c	193.87±2.32c
品种Variety (V)		**		**		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		**		ns

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	45.22±1.65c	43.28±2.13b	104.98±1.06e	96.51±0.22c	188.77±3.32d	184.07±5.43c
	20-40	46.70±2.32c	44.44±1.62b	110.19±3.37e	98.82±1.84c	194.66±5.03d	187.82±5.10b
	40-60	-	-	114.53±1.10d	102.43±1.82c	198.94±6.44d	190.09±5.87b
T1	0-20	73.24±1.91a	61.88±1.71a	161.98±2.31b	148.29±1.00b	253.04±2.98a	232.88±3.49a
	20-40	76.20±1.46a	64.90±1.62a	168.65±1.73b	153.18±3.79b	258.01±12.53a	235.90±6.01a
	40-60	-	-	174.53±1.13a	153.85±1.29b	262.84±4.73a	236.84±1.50a
T2	0-20	65.48±1.01b	41.06±0.86b	133.31±0.78d	88.96±3.19d	231.09±9.32b	171.03±1.31d
	20-40	68.50±1.54b	43.41±2.30b	135.69±2.66d	89.70±2.42d	235.69±8.49b	175.99±4.68c
	40-60	-	-	138.99±2.10c	92.58±3.28d	238.68±7.78b	178.87±5.14c
T3	0-20	-	-	173.37±2.13a	157.17±1.08a	246.34±3.19a	226.36±1.89b
	20-40	-	-	176.62±3.63a	159.17±2.73a	252.69±5.95a	230.88±3.02a
	40-60	-	-	177.74±2.57a	162.44±1.38a	257.28±7.36a	235.68±5.31a
T4	0-20	-	-	149.60±1.86c	90.50±1.15d	205.79±2.89c	169.18±2.47d
	20-40	-	-	151.19±4.34c	91.66±1.07d	212.51±2.66c	173.80±3.83c
	40-60	-	-	154.26±3.32b	95.72±2.19d	216.18±1.62c	176.35±5.20c
品种Variety (V)		**		**		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		**		**

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	1.70±0.10c	1.62±0.05b	2.44±0.09c	2.38±0.09bc	3.54±0.14d	3.49±0.18b
	20-40	1.82±0.02b	1.70±0.03b	2.52±0.16c	2.47±0.18bc	3.76±0.21d	3.54±0.15b
	40-60	-	-	2.67±0.10c	2.64±0.22bc	4.06±0.21d	3.66±0.12b
T1	0-20	2.10±0.08a	1.81±0.13a	2.82±0.06b	2.59±0.18b	4.55±0.20a	4.15±0.18a
	20-40	2.25±0.15a	2.05±0.15a	2.95±0.12ab	2.66±0.14b	5.00±0.18a	4.29±0.22a
	40-60	-	-	3.11±0.10b	2.73±0.11b	5.30±0.14a	4.53±0.21a
T2	0-20	1.93±0.05b	1.48±0.02b	2.47±0.09c	1.96±0.16d	3.99±0.21bc	3.14±0.09c
	20-40	2.07±0.16a	1.56±0.14b	2.66±0.08bc	2.04±0.14d	4.30±0.17c	3.33±0.20bc
	40-60	-	-	2.75±0.10c	2.10±0.15d	4.38±0.12c	3.46±0.15bc
T3	0-20	-	-	2.98±0.10a	2.85±0.11a	4.19±0.20b	4.02±0.10a
	20-40	-	-	3.13±0.26a	2.99±0.13a	4.63±0.17b	4.27±0.23a
	40-60	-	-	3.39±0.17a	3.18±0.14a	4.74±0.11b	4.43±0.15a
T4	0-20	-	-	2.67±0.06b	2.24±0.05c	3.70±0.16cd	3.05±0.06c
	20-40	-	-	2.73±0.14bc	2.30±0.09c	3.89±0.15d	3.14±0.14c
	40-60	-	-	2.81±0.09c	2.38±0.12c	4.20±0.10cd	3.25±0.16c
品种Variety (V)		**		**		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		**		**