不同类型地膜对花生生长及根际细菌群落影响的比较分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】表征不同类型地膜对花生根际细菌群落和花生生长及产量的影响，探讨根际细菌群落与花生生长和产量间的相互关系，为进一步提高花生产量提供理论依据。【方法】设置4个处理并进行9年定位试验，包括露天对照处理（LU）、黑膜处理（HEI）、降解膜处理（JI）和普通膜处理（PU）。以2022年开花期和成熟期花生根际土壤为研究对象，借助Illumina MiSeq PE300 测序平台，以16S rRNA基因为靶标，研究不同类型地膜对根际细菌群落结构和功能、花生生长和产量的影响。【结果】与对照相比，黑膜、降解膜和普通膜处理中花生产量分别提高-0.45%—2.34%、2.44%—14.36%和6.14%—24.69%。在开花期和成熟期，黑膜处理共改变了6种纲和属水平的根际细菌群落相对丰度，但相关性分析结果表明这些细菌群落与花生生长和产量无关；降解膜处理共改变了6种纲和属水平的根际细菌群落相对丰度，其中1纲（Blastocatellia）细菌群落与花生产量呈正相关；普通膜处理共改变了12种纲和属水平根际细菌群落的相对丰度，其中1纲（Acidobacteriae）和1属（Ellin6067）细菌群落与花生主茎高和侧枝数相关，1纲（Clostridia）和2属（Pseudomonas、Ellin6067）细菌群落与花生产量相关。根际细菌群落的功能预测结果显示，黑膜处理在开花期和成熟期降低了与氮代谢相关的氮呼吸和硝酸盐呼吸功能；降解膜处理在开花期降低了硝酸盐还原、氮呼吸和硝酸盐呼吸功能，在成熟期对氮代谢功能无显著影响；普通膜处理在开花期降低了需氧氨氧化和硝酸盐呼吸功能，在成熟期提高了这两种氮代谢功能。【结论】黑膜对花生产量和根际细菌群落影响不显著；降解膜具备改善成熟期根际细菌群落结构和增产的能力，但增产效果不稳定；普通膜的增产和改善根际细菌群落结构和功能的效果优于降解膜。

关键词: 黑膜, 降解膜, 普通膜, 花生, 根际细菌群落

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different types of plastic film on peanut rhizobacterial community and peanut growth/yield, explore the relationships between rhizobacterial community and peanut growth/yield, and provide a basis for further improving peanut yield.【Method】Four treatments were set up and conducted for 9 continuous years, including control treatment (LU), black film treatment (HEI), bio-degradable film treatment (JI) and conventional film treatment (PU). Taking the rhizosphere soil of peanut at the flowering stage and mature stage in 2022 as the research object, Illumina MiSeq PE300 as the sequencing platform, and 16S rRNA gene as the target gene, effects of different types of film treatments on the structure and function of rhizobacterial community and the growth and yield of peanut were studied.【Result】Compared with LU, peanut yield was increased by -0.45%-2.34%, 2.44%-14.36% and 6.14%-24.69% in HEI, JI and PU treatment, respectively. At the flowering stage and mature stage, HEI treatment totally altered the relative abundances of 6 rhizobacterial communities at the levels of class and genus, while results of correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between rhizobacterial community and peanut growth or yield. JI treatment totally altered 6 rhizobacterial communities at the levels of class and genus, among which, 1 class (Blastocatellia) showed positive relationship with peanut yield. PU treatment totally influenced 12 rhizobacterial communities at the levels of class and genus, of these, 1 class (Acidobacteriae) and 1 genus (Ellin6067) were correlated with peanut main stem height and lateral branch number at the flowering stage, 1 class (Clostridia) and 2 genera (Pseudomonas, Ellin6067) were correlated with peanut yield at the mature stage. The functional prediction results of rhizobacterial community showed that HEI treatment reduced the nitrogen and nitrate respiration functions at the flowering stage and mature stage; JI treatment reduced the functions of nitrate reduction, nitrogen respiration and nitrate respiration at the flowering stage, but had no significant effect on nitrogen metabolism at the mature stage; PU treatment decreased aerobic ammonia oxidation and nitrate respiration at the flowering stage, and increased these two nitrogen metabolism functions at the mature stage.【Conclusion】Black film has no significant effect on peanut yield and rhizobacterial community; Bio-degradable film can improve the structure of rhizobacterial community and yield at the mature stage, but its yield increasing effect is not stable; Conventional film possesses better improving effects than bio-degradable film in peanut yield and rhizobacterial community structure and function.

Key words: black film, bio-degradable film, conventional film, peanut, rhizobacterial community

于天一, 杨吉顺, 吴正锋, 张智猛, 沈浦, 郑永美, 李尚霞, 吴菊香, 孙棋棋, 吴月. 不同类型地膜对花生生长及根际细菌群落影响的比较分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(24): 4842-4853.

YU TianYi, YANG JiShun, WU ZhengFeng, ZHANG ZhiMeng, SHEN Pu, ZHENG YongMei, LI ShangXia, WU JuXiang, SUN QiQi, WU Yue. Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Different Types of Plastic Film on Peanut Growth and Rhizobacterial Community[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4842-4853.

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时期Stage	指标Index	LU-HEI	LU-PU	LU-JI
开花期Flowering stage	OTU-主茎高Main shoot height	0.269	0.035*	0.060
	OTU-侧枝数Lateral branch number	0.107	0.328	0.320
	OTU-侧枝长Lateral branch length	0.119	0**	0.005**
成熟期Mature stage	OTU-主茎高Main shoot height	0.807	0.587	0.899
	OTU-地上干重Shoot dry weight	0.573	0.541	0.605
	OTU-果针数Fruit needle number	0.384	0.487	0.713
	OTU果干重Fruit dry weight	0.341	0.028*	0.042*
	OTU-产量Yield	0.074	0.041*	0.044*

功能 Function	开花期Flowering stage				成熟期Mature stage
功能 Function	LU	HEI	PU	JI	LU	HEI	PU	JI
化能异养 Chemoheterotrophy	13.96±0.23a	14.03±0.23a	14.53±0.03a	12.26±0.10b	11.81±0.52a	12.06±0.27a	11.44±0.53ab	10.26±0.12b
需氧异养 Aerobic chemoheterotrophy	9.65±0.37bc	9.44±0.26c	11.48±0.49a	10.63±0.02ab	10.96±0.63a	11.13±0.42a	9.37±0.31b	9.31±0.33b
发酵 Fermentation	0.45±0.02c	4.11±0.53a	3.56±0.08a	1.36±0.12b	0.58±0.03b	0.56±0.04b	1.21±0.05a	0.49±0.03b
尿素分解 Ureolysis	0.78±0.02a	0.71±0.07a	0.55±0.02b	0.67±0.05ab	0.52±0.03a	0.52±0.07a	0.63±0.05a	0.57±0.04a
硝酸盐还原 Nitrate reduction	0.72±0.08a	0.74±0.06a	0.64±0.01ab	0.55±0.03b	0.95±0.04a	0.75±0.05b	0.99±0.05a	1.01±0.09a
需氧氨氧化 Aerobic ammonia oxidation	0.72±0.01a	0.42±0.06b	0.38±0.08b	0.63±0.05a	0.14±0.02b	0.16±0.02b	0.41±0.0004a	0.17±0.03b
硝化作用 Nitrification	0.72±0.01a	0.51±0.03bc	0.38±0.08c	0.63±0.05ab	0.15±0.02a	0.18±0.03a	0.29±0.08a	0.17±0.03a
氮呼吸 Nitrogen respiration	0.38±0.02a	0.28±0.04b	0.25±0.01b	0.25±0.01b	0.28±0.02a	0.16±0.03b	0.33±0.02a	0.28±0.01a
硝酸盐呼吸 Nitrate respiration	0.38±0.02a	0.28±0.04b	0.28±0.02b	0.25±0.01b	0.28±0.02b	0.12±0.01c	0.33±0.02a	0.28±0.01b
芳香化合物降解 Aromatic compound degradation	0.26±0.01b	0.39±0.01a	0.20±0.02c	0.31±0.03b	0.55±0.02a	0.34±0.04c	0.59±0.01a	0.43±0.01b