中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 31-45.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.003
张玮1(),严玲玲2,傅志强1,徐莹1,郭慧娟1,周梦瑶1,龙攀1(
)
收稿日期:
2022-02-21
接受日期:
2022-06-14
出版日期:
2023-01-01
发布日期:
2023-01-17
通讯作者:
龙攀
作者简介:
张玮,E-mail:基金资助:
ZHANG Wei1(),YAN LingLing2,FU ZhiQiang1,XU Ying1,GUO HuiJuan1,ZHOU MengYao1,LONG Pan1(
)
Received:
2022-02-21
Accepted:
2022-06-14
Online:
2023-01-01
Published:
2023-01-17
Contact:
Pan LONG
摘要:
【目的】探讨有利于湖南省双季稻产量和资源利用效率的最佳播期,通过对比不同播期对早晚稻产量和光热资源效率的影响,分析不同熟型双季稻对播期响应的敏感性。【方法】以双季稻主产区湖南省通过审定的主推双季稻品种为试验材料,于2018年至2019年早晚稻各设置3个播期进行大田试验,通过测定分析生育期、产量和产量构成因子、气象资料,比较不同播期下各品种的产量和光热资源利用效率的差异。【结果】随着播期推迟,早晚稻通过缩短播种—始穗阶段的天数使生育期缩短,早稻产量呈增加的趋势,对中熟早稻和迟熟早稻产量影响不显著,晚稻产量呈下降的趋势,迟熟晚稻对播期推迟的响应比中熟晚稻快;2018年随着播期推迟早稻的热能利用率分别下降2.73%、4.45%,光能利用率分别下降1.28%、-1.77%,晚稻的热能利用率分别下降-2.64%、8.15%,光能利用率分别下降-2.14%、13.25%;2019年随着播期推迟早稻的热能利用率分别增加0.36%、10.36%,光能利用率分别增加1.53%、12.52%,晚稻的热能利用率分别下降-0.72%、6.09%,光能利用率分别下降0.58%、6.21%。【结论】播期对双季稻光、热资源利用效率影响显著,早稻播期宜适当推迟、晚稻播期适当提前有利于光热资源效率的提高,双季稻周年以早稻第Ⅱ播期+晚稻第Ⅱ播期组合的综合效率较高,品种搭配以迟熟早稻和中熟晚稻组合的综合效益较高。
张玮,严玲玲,傅志强,徐莹,郭慧娟,周梦瑶,龙攀. 播期对湖南省双季稻产量和光热资源利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(1): 31-45.
ZHANG Wei,YAN LingLing,FU ZhiQiang,XU Ying,GUO HuiJuan,ZHOU MengYao,LONG Pan. Effects of Sowing Date on Yield of Double Cropping Rice and Utilization Efficiency of Light and Heat Energy in Hunan Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 31-45.
表1
2018-2019年供试双季稻品种及基本信息"
品种名称 Variety | 类型 Type | 生育期 Growth period (d) | 选育单位 Breeding units | |
---|---|---|---|---|
中熟早稻 Medium Maturing Early Rice | 株两优819 Zhuliangyou819 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 105 | 湖南亚华种业科学科学院 Hunan Yahua Academy of Seed Science |
陵两优942 Lingliangyou942 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 109 | 湖南亚华种业科学科学院 Hunan Yahua Academy of Seed Science | |
湘早籼45号 Xiangzaoxian45hao | 常规稻 Conventional rice | 106 | 益阳农业科学研究所 Yiyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences | |
中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao17 | 常规稻 Conventional rice | 114 | 中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute | |
中早39 Zhongzao39 | 常规稻 Conventional rice | 112 | 中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute | |
迟熟早稻 Late Maturing Early Rice | 陵两优4024 Lingliangyou4024 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 117 | 湖南农业大学 Hunan Agricultural University |
陆两优996 Luliangyou996 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 110 | 湖南农业大学、湖南亚华种业科学科学院 Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Yahua Academy of Seed Science | |
荣优233 Rongyou233 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 114 | 湖南金稻种业有限公司 Hunan Golden Rice Seed Industry Co., Ltd | |
淦鑫203 Ganxin203 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 117 | 江西现代种业股份有限公司 Jiangxi Modern Seed Industry Co., Ltd | |
中早35 Zhongzao35 | 常规稻 Conventional rice | 110 | 中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute | |
中熟晚稻 Medium Maturing Late Rice | 桃优香占 Taoyouxiangzhan | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 113 | 桃源县农业科学研究所 Taoyuan Agricultural Science Research Institute |
H优518 Hyou518 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 108 | 湖南农业大学 Hunan Agricultural University | |
五丰优T025 WufengyouT025 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 112 | 江西农业大学 Jiangxi Agricultural University | |
迟熟晚稻 Late Maturing Late Rice | 天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 119 | 中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute |
泰优390 Taiyou390 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | 119 | 湖南金稻种业有限公司 Hunan Jindao Seed Industry Co., Ltd | |
吉优258 Jiyou258 | 杂交稻 Hybrid rice | - | 广州市金粤生物科技有限公司 Guangzhou Jinyue Biotechnology Co., Ltd |
表2
双季稻生育期、产量、热能利用率、光能利用率的F值"
变异来源 Source of variation | 早稻Early rice | 晚稻Late rice | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生育期Growth Period | 产量 Yield | 热能利用率Production efficiency of accumulated temperature | 光能利用率Production efficiency of radiation | 生育期Growth Period | 产量 Yield | 热能利用率Production efficiency of accumulated temperature | 光能利用率Production efficiency of radiation | |
品种Variety | — | 3.65** | 5.52*** | 4.62*** | — | 19.98*** | 20.36*** | 21.59*** |
年份Year (Y) | 45.189*** | 18.68*** | 2.89 | 7.661** | 9.55** | 1.11 | 36.68*** | 136.46*** |
播期Sowing date (S) | 37.44*** | 1.59 | 0.27 | 3.403* | 45.18*** | 18.42*** | 3.47* | 7.486** |
熟型Varity type (V) | 7.31** | 2.43 | 5.80* | 8.591** | 35.46*** | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
年份×播期Y×S | 1.54 | 5.59** | 3.55* | 2.593 | 5.73** | 0.43 | 0.16 | 1.593 |
年份×熟型 Y×V | 1.53 | 3.90 | 5.30* | 7.666** | 4.14 | 2.32 | 1.72 | 0.996 |
播期×熟型 S×V | 0.11 | 1.34 | 1.11 | 1.812 | 0.07 | 0.57 | 0.47 | 0.871 |
年份×播期×熟型Y×S ×V | 0.24 | 5.27** | 4.05* | 5.566** | 0.15 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.588 |
表3
播期对2018年双季稻各品种生育进程及生育期的影响"
播期 Sowing date | 品种类型 Variety type | 播种期(月-日) Sowing (M-D) | 始穗期(月-日) Initial heading (M-D) | 成熟期(月-日) Maturity (M-D) | 播种-始穗期 Sowing-Initial heading | 始穗-成熟期 Initial heading - Maturity | 生育期 Growth period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER-Ⅰ | MMER | 03-15 | 06-07 | 07-10 | 84.4 | 33.4 | 117.8 |
LMER | 03-15 | 06-11 | 07-11 | 88.2 | 29.8 | 118.0 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 86.3a | 31.6a | 117.9a | |
ER-Ⅱ | MMER | 03-22 | 06-08 | 07-09 | 78.2 | 31.0 | 109.2 |
LMER | 03-22 | 06-10 | 07-11 | 80.6 | 31.0 | 111.6 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 79.4a | 31.0a | 110.4b | |
ER-Ⅲ | MMER | 03-29 | 06-07 | 07-13 | 70.2 | 36.4 | 106.6 |
LMER | 03-29 | 06-12 | 07-14 | 75.8 | 32.0 | 107.8 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 73c | 34.2a | 107.2b | |
LR-Ⅰ | MMLR | 06-18 | 09-01 | 10-17 | 75.7 | 45.3 | 121.0 |
LMLR | 06-18 | 09-06 | 10-23 | 80.0 | 47.7 | 127.7 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 77.8a | 46.5a | 124.3a | |
LR-Ⅱ | MMLR | 06-28 | 09-03 | 10-21 | 67.3 | 47.7 | 115.0 |
LMLR | 06-28 | 09-07 | 10-26 | 71.7 | 48.3 | 120.0 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 69.5b | 48.0a | 117.5b | |
LR-Ⅲ | MMLR | 07-08 | 09-13 | 10-31 | 67.7 | 47.7 | 115.3 |
LMLR | 07-08 | 09-18 | 11-06 | 72.3 | 49.0 | 121.3 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 70b | 48.3a | 118.3b |
表4
播期对2019年双季稻各品种生育进程及生育期的影响"
播期 Sowing date | 品种类型 Variety type | 播种期(月-日) Sowing (M-D) | 始穗期(月-日) Initial heading (M-D) | 成熟期(月-日) Maturity (M-D) | 播种-始穗期 Sowing-Initial heading | 始穗-成熟期 Initial heading - Maturity | 生育期 Growth period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER-Ⅰ | MMER | 03-15 | 06-11 | 07-11 | 93.4 | 24.8 | 118.2 |
LMER | 03-15 | 06-15 | 07-15 | 97.4 | 25.2 | 122.6 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 95.4a | 25a | 120.4a | |
ER-Ⅱ | MMER | 03-22 | 06-13 | 07-14 | 88.2 | 26.0 | 114.2 |
LMER | 03-22 | 06-17 | 07-17 | 91.4 | 26.2 | 117.6 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 89.8b | 26.1a | 115.9b | |
ER-Ⅲ | MMER | 03-29 | 06-17 | 07-19 | 86.0 | 26.0 | 112.0 |
LMER | 03-29 | 06-21 | 07-21 | 89.8 | 25.0 | 114.8 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 87.9b | 25.5a | 113.4b | |
LR-Ⅰ | MMLR | 06-18 | 09-06 | 10-21 | 84.7 | 40.7 | 125.3 |
LMLR | 06-18 | 09-09 | 10-24 | 87.7 | 40.3 | 128.0 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 86.2a | 40.5a | 126.7a | |
LR-Ⅱ | MMLR | 06-25 | 09-07 | 10-22 | 79.7 | 40.0 | 119.7 |
LMLR | 06-25 | 09-11 | 10-25 | 82.7 | 40.0 | 122.7 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 81.2b | 40.0a | 121.2b | |
LR-Ⅲ | MMLR | 07-02 | 09-09 | 10-24 | 73.3 | 41.3 | 114.7 |
LMLR | 07-02 | 09-12 | 10-27 | 76.3 | 41.3 | 117.7 | |
平均Average | — | — | — | 74.8c | 41.3a | 116.2c |
表5
播期对2018年双季稻各品种的产量及构成因子的影响"
播期 Sowing date | 品种类型 Variety type | 有效穗 Effective panicle (×104 hm-2) | 每穗总粒数 Grains per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate (%) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER-Ⅰ | MMER | 413.29 | 145.55 | 84.78 | 26.74 | 8857.14 | |||
LMER | 375.72 | 126.26 | 84.05 | 28.76 | 8757.71 | ||||
平均Average | 394.51a | 135.90a | 84.41a | 27.75a | 8807.43a | ||||
ER-Ⅱ | MMER | 408.44 | 136.32 | 87.58 | 26.88 | 8533.71 | |||
LMER | 387.84 | 118.99 | 84.10 | 28.94 | 8336.00 | ||||
平均Average | 398.14a | 127.65a | 85.84a | 27.91a | 8434.86a | ||||
ER-Ⅲ | MMER | 375.11 | 153.85 | 83.69 | 26.62 | 7982.86 | |||
LMER | 381.17 | 142.98 | 84.25 | 28.62 | 8538.29 | ||||
平均Average | 378.14a | 148.42a | 83.97a | 27.62a | 8260.57a | ||||
LR-Ⅰ | MMLR | 575.70 | 107.50 | 27.00 | 0.96 | 9329.33 | |||
LMLR | 329.93 | 127.21 | 25.53 | 0.96 | 9762.74 | ||||
平均Average | 452.82a | 117.36a | 26.27a | 0.97a | 9546.04a | ||||
LR-Ⅱ | MMLR | 528.57 | 125.72 | 26.10 | 0.96 | 8627.45 | |||
LMLR | 377.07 | 125.18 | 25.50 | 0.97 | 9461.57 | ||||
平均Average | 452.82a | 125.45a | 25.80a | 0.97a | 9044.51a | ||||
LR-Ⅲ | MMLR | 356.87 | 94.07 | 27.70 | 0.94 | 7841.57 | |||
LMLR | 323.20 | 119.19 | 25.87 | 0.95 | 7799.33 | ||||
平均Average | 340.03a | 106.63a | 26.78a | 0.94b | 7820.45b |
表6
播期对2019年双季稻各品种的产量及构成因子的影响"
播期 Sowing date | 品种类型 Variety type | 有效穗 Effective panicle (×104·hm-2) | 每穗总粒数 Grains per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate (%) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER-Ⅰ | MMER | 299.94 | 104.55 | 91.37 | 26.51 | 7270.87 | ||||
LMER | 273.25 | 102.13 | 93.27 | 29.19 | 7245.50 | |||||
平均Average | 271.69b | 108.04b | 92.67a | 27.96a | 7258.19b | |||||
ER-Ⅱ | MMER | 243.62 | 99.91 | 93.67 | 25.84 | 7255.39 | ||||
LMER | 238.91 | 106.05 | 93.55 | 28.75 | 7659.59 | |||||
平均Average | 232.76b | 108.43b | 93.66a | 27.50a | 7457.49b | |||||
ER-Ⅲ | MMER | 395.43 | 125.20 | 91.20 | 25.66 | 9396.27 | ||||
LMER | 340.83 | 144.11 | 89.53 | 28.03 | 9175.51 | |||||
平均Average | 348.36a | 138.91a | 90.41b | 27.05a | 9285.90a | |||||
LR-Ⅰ | MMLR | 469.65 | 139.07 | 93.58 | 24.52 | 9081.52 | ||||
LMLR | 464.26 | 159.87 | 92.70 | 23.81 | 9149.60 | |||||
平均Average | 466.96a | 149.47a | 93.14a | 24.16a | 9115.56a | |||||
LR-Ⅱ | MMLR | 509.04 | 135.18 | 92.47 | 25.96 | 8954.51 | ||||
LMLR | 483.12 | 133.24 | 91.96 | 24.76 | 8614.11 | |||||
平均Average | 496.08a | 134.21a | 92.22a | 25.36a | 8784.31a | |||||
LR-Ⅲ | MMLR | 428.91 | 122.16 | 93.56 | 25.75 | 8052.88 | ||||
LMLR | 417.13 | 135.07 | 90.91 | 25.05 | 7656.41 | |||||
平均Average | 423.02a | 128.62a | 92.24a | 25.40a | 7854.65b |
表7
播期对2018年双季稻品种各阶段的热能利用率和光能利用率的影响"
播期 Sowing date | 品种类型 Variety type | 播种-始穗 有效积温 S-I effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 始穗-成熟 有效积温 I-M effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 全生育期有效积温 Whole growth period effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 热能利用率 Production efficiency of accumulated temperature (kg·℃-1·d-1·hm-2) | 播种-始穗 累积太阳 辐射量 S-I solar radiation (MJ·m-2) | 始穗-成熟 累积太阳 辐射量 I-M solar radiation (MJ·m-2) | 全生育期 累积辐射量 Whole growth period solar radiation (MJ·m-2) | 光能利用率 Production efficiency of radiation (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER-Ⅰ | MMER | 942.47 | 610.87 | 1553.35 | 5.70 | 1017.50 | 435.31 | 1452.81 | 1.10 | ||||
LMER | 1001.46 | 557.22 | 1558.68 | 5.67 | 1074.93 | 387.55 | 1462.47 | 1.08 | |||||
平均Average | 971.97a | 584.04a | 1556.01a | 5.69a | 1046.21a | 411.43a | 1457.64a | 1.09a | |||||
ER-Ⅱ | MMER | 942.65 | 568.17 | 1510.82 | 5.68 | 989.64 | 405.87 | 1395.51 | 1.10 | ||||
LMER | 980.46 | 577.71 | 1558.17 | 5.38 | 1024.77 | 408.43 | 1433.20 | 1.05 | |||||
平均Average | 961.55a | 572.94a | 1534.49a | 5.53a | 1007.21a | 407.15a | 1414.36a | 1.08a | |||||
ER-Ⅲ | MMER | 880.21 | 667.63 | 1547.84 | 5.15 | 866.88 | 475.16 | 1342.04 | 1.07 | ||||
LMER | 964.63 | 608.72 | 1573.36 | 5.42 | 943.80 | 425.46 | 1369.26 | 1.12 | |||||
平均Average | 922.42a | 638.18a | 1560.60a | 5.29a | 905.34b | 450.31a | 1355.65b | 1.10a | |||||
LR-Ⅰ | MMLR | 1504.84 | 574.88 | 2079.71 | 4.49 | 1029.31 | 422.82 | 1452.13 | 1.16 | ||||
LMLR | 1583.63 | 541.61 | 2125.24 | 4.59 | 1077.08 | 407.97 | 1485.05 | 1.18 | |||||
平均Average | 1544.23a | 558.25a | 2102.48a | 4.54a | 1053.20a | 415.39a | 1468.59a | 1.17a | |||||
LR-Ⅱ | MMLR | 1350.89 | 569.25 | 1920.14 | 4.49 | 922.90 | 421.76 | 1344.66 | 1.15 | ||||
LMLR | 1423.17 | 536.73 | 1959.90 | 4.83 | 968.47 | 406.57 | 1375.04 | 1.24 | |||||
平均Average | 1387.03b | 552.99a | 1940.02b | 4.66a | 945.68b | 414.17a | 1359.85b | 1.20a | |||||
LR-Ⅲ | MMLR | 1320.12 | 490.89 | 1811.01 | 4.33 | 929.56 | 397.84 | 1327.40 | 1.06 | ||||
LMLR | 1395.66 | 447.82 | 1843.48 | 4.23 | 977.74 | 413.04 | 1390.78 | 1.01 | |||||
平均Average | 1357.89b | 469.36b | 1827.24c | 4.28a | 953.65b | 405.44a | 1359.09b | 1.04b |
表8
播期对2019年双季稻品种各阶段的热能利用率和光能利用率的影响"
播期 Sowing date | 品种类型 Variety type | 播种-始穗 有效积温 S-I effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 始穗-成熟 有效积温 I-M effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 全生育期有效积温 Whole growth period effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 热能利用率 Production efficiency of accumulated temperature (kg·℃-1·d-1·hm-2) | 播种-始穗 累积太阳 辐射量 S-I solar radiation (MJ·m-2) | 始穗-成熟 累积太阳 辐射量 I-M solar radiation (MJ·m-2) | 全生育期 累积辐射量 Whole growth period solar radiation (MJ·m-2) | 光能利用率 Production efficiency of radiation (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER-Ⅰ | MMER | 905.91 | 493.84 | 1399.75 | 5.19 | 791.05 | 353.84 | 1144.90 | 1.14 | ||||
LMER | 962.40 | 512.57 | 1474.97 | 4.91 | 832.30 | 378.29 | 1210.59 | 1.08 | |||||
平均Average | 934.16a | 503.21b | 1430.98 b | 5.05a | 811.68a | 366.07b | 1177.75a | 1.11b | |||||
ER-Ⅱ | MMER | 893.04 | 506.05 | 1399.10 | 5.19 | 772.78 | 362.70 | 1135.48 | 1.15 | ||||
LMER | 943.95 | 518.91 | 1462.86 | 4.95 | 805.03 | 380.65 | 1185.68 | 1.10 | |||||
平均Average | 918.50a | 512.48b | 1437.36b | 5.07a | 788.91ab | 371.67b | 1160.58a | 1.13b | |||||
ER-Ⅲ | MMER | 921.17 | 542.51 | 1463.67 | 6.42 | 755.41 | 406.28 | 1161.69 | 1.46 | ||||
LMER | 990.19 | 529.62 | 1519.81 | 4.77 | 800.47 | 409.67 | 1210.13 | 1.08 | |||||
平均Average | 955.68a | 536.06a | 1491.74a | 5.60a | 777.94b | 407.98a | 1185.91a | 1.27a | |||||
LR-Ⅰ | MMLR | 1539.67 | 754.83 | 2294.50 | 3.96 | 1343.34 | 545.67 | 1889.01 | 0.86 | ||||
LMLR | 1602.02 | 728.51 | 2330.53 | 3.93 | 1406.29 | 502.63 | 1908.92 | 0.86 | |||||
平均Average | 1570.85a | 741.67a | 2312.51a | 3.94a | 1374.82a | 524.15a | 1898.97a | 0.86a | |||||
LR-Ⅱ | MMLR | 1453.54 | 742.38 | 2195.93 | 4.08 | 1303.75 | 526.66 | 1830.41 | 0.88 | ||||
LMLR | 1518.40 | 709.69 | 2228.09 | 3.87 | 1363.20 | 481.66 | 1844.86 | 0.84 | |||||
平均Average | 1485.97b | 726.04a | 2212.01b | 3.97a | 1333.47a | 504.16a | 1837.64b | 0.86a | |||||
LR-Ⅲ | MMLR | 1353.26 | 747.85 | 2101.11 | 3.83 | 1232.11 | 512.35 | 1744.46 | 0.83 | ||||
LMLR | 1416.35 | 698.94 | 2115.29 | 3.62 | 1284.26 | 481.43 | 1765.69 | 0.78 | |||||
平均Average | 1384.81c | 723.40a | 2108.20c | 3.73a | 1258.19b | 496.89a | 1755.07c | 0.81a |
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