中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 31-45.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.003

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对湖南省双季稻产量和光热资源利用效率的影响

张玮1(),严玲玲2,傅志强1,徐莹1,郭慧娟1,周梦瑶1,龙攀1()   

  1. 1.湖南农业大学农学院,长沙 410128
    2.益阳市农业科学研究所,湖南益阳 413046
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-21 接受日期:2022-06-14 出版日期:2023-01-01 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 联系方式: 张玮,E-mail:zhangwei_20210714@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300410);湖南省教育厅科研项目(20A256);国家自然科学基金(31501277)

Effects of Sowing Date on Yield of Double Cropping Rice and Utilization Efficiency of Light and Heat Energy in Hunan Province

ZHANG Wei1(),YAN LingLing2,FU ZhiQiang1,XU Ying1,GUO HuiJuan1,ZHOU MengYao1,LONG Pan1()   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    2. Yiyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yiyang 413046, Hunan
  • Received:2022-02-21 Accepted:2022-06-14 Published:2023-01-01 Online:2023-01-17

摘要:

【目的】探讨有利于湖南省双季稻产量和资源利用效率的最佳播期,通过对比不同播期对早晚稻产量和光热资源效率的影响,分析不同熟型双季稻对播期响应的敏感性。【方法】以双季稻主产区湖南省通过审定的主推双季稻品种为试验材料,于2018年至2019年早晚稻各设置3个播期进行大田试验,通过测定分析生育期、产量和产量构成因子、气象资料,比较不同播期下各品种的产量和光热资源利用效率的差异。【结果】随着播期推迟,早晚稻通过缩短播种—始穗阶段的天数使生育期缩短,早稻产量呈增加的趋势,对中熟早稻和迟熟早稻产量影响不显著,晚稻产量呈下降的趋势,迟熟晚稻对播期推迟的响应比中熟晚稻快;2018年随着播期推迟早稻的热能利用率分别下降2.73%、4.45%,光能利用率分别下降1.28%、-1.77%,晚稻的热能利用率分别下降-2.64%、8.15%,光能利用率分别下降-2.14%、13.25%;2019年随着播期推迟早稻的热能利用率分别增加0.36%、10.36%,光能利用率分别增加1.53%、12.52%,晚稻的热能利用率分别下降-0.72%、6.09%,光能利用率分别下降0.58%、6.21%。【结论】播期对双季稻光、热资源利用效率影响显著,早稻播期宜适当推迟、晚稻播期适当提前有利于光热资源效率的提高,双季稻周年以早稻第Ⅱ播期+晚稻第Ⅱ播期组合的综合效率较高,品种搭配以迟熟早稻和中熟晚稻组合的综合效益较高。

关键词: 播期, 双季稻, 产量, 光能利用效率, 热能利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】By comparing the effects of different sowing dates on yield of double cropping rice and utilization efficiency of light and heat energy, and analyzing the sensitivity of different varieties to sowing date and light and heat resource efficiency, the best sowing date was investigated, which was conducive to double-cropping rice yield and resource utilization efficiency in Hunan province. 【Method】Using the main double-cropping rice varieties approved in Hunan province, the main double-cropping rice producing area, as the test materials, three sowing dates for early and late rice were set up for field experiments from 2018 to 2019. The rice growth period, yield and yield components as well as meteorological data were analyzed to compare the yield and the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources of each variety under different sowing dates. 【Result】With the delay of the sowing date, the early and late rice shortened the growth period by shortening the days of the sowing-ear start stage, while the yield of early rice showed an increasing trend. Late-maturing rice responded faster to late sowing than middle-maturing late rice; In 2018, with the delay of sowing date, the heat energy utilization rate of early rice decreased by 2.73% and 4.45% respectively, the light energy utilization rate decreased by 1.28% and -1.77% respectively, the heat energy utilization rate of late rice decreased by -2.64% and 8.15% respectively, and the light energy utilization rate decreased by 2.14% and 13.25% respectively. In 2019, with the postponement of sowing date, the heat energy utilization rate of early rice increased by 0.36% and 10.36% respectively, and the light energy utilization rate increased by 1.53% and 12.52% respectively. The heat energy utilization rate of late rice decreased by -0.72% and 6.09% respectively, and the light energy utilization rate decreased by 0.58% and 6.21% respectively. 【Conclusion】The sowing date had a significant impact on the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources of double-cropping rice. It was appropriate to delay the sowing date of early rice and advance the sowing date of late rice to improve the efficiency of light and heat resources. The comprehensive efficiency of the combination of the second sowing date of early rice+the second sowing date of late rice for double cropping rice is higher, and the combination of late-maturing early rice and medium-maturing late rice combination had higher comprehensive efficiency.

Key words: sowing date, double-cropping rice, yield, light utilization efficiency, heat utilization efficiency