南方地区120份甜、糯玉米自交系重要目标性状和育种潜力分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 856-873.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

南方地区120份甜、糯玉米自交系重要目标性状和育种潜力分析

冯宣军¹(),潘立腾¹(),熊浩¹,汪青军¹,李静威¹,张雪梅¹,胡尔良¹,林海建¹,郑洪建²,卢艳丽¹()

¹四川农业大学玉米研究所,四川温江 611130
²上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海 201403

收稿日期:2021-08-24 接受日期:2021-10-21 出版日期:2022-03-01 发布日期:2022-03-08
通讯作者: 卢艳丽
作者简介:冯宣军,E-mail： xuanjunfeng@sicau.edu.cn。|潘立腾,E-mail： 441400904@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省科技厅应用基础研究(2020YJ0350);成都市国际科技合作项目(2020-GH02-00027-HZ);四川省科技计划(2021JDRC0124);国家自然科学基金(31801371)

Investigation on Important Target Traits and Breeding Potential of 120 Sweet and Waxy Maize Inbred Lines in the South of China

FENG XuanJun¹(),PAN LiTeng¹(),XIONG Hao¹,WANG QingJun¹,LI JingWei¹,ZHANG XueMei¹,HU ErLiang¹,LIN HaiJian¹,ZHENG HongJian²,LU YanLi¹()

¹Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan
²Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403

Received:2021-08-24 Accepted:2021-10-21 Online:2022-03-01 Published:2022-03-08
Contact: YanLi LU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评价120份甜、糯玉米自交系的产量、品质和农艺性状,解析各性状间的相关性,筛选优良自交系,开展育种潜力评价。【方法】测定120份甜、糯玉米自交系的农艺性状（花期、株高、穗位高）、产量性状（鲜苞穗重、鲜穗重、鲜粒重等）及品质性状（皮渣率、糖度、粗蛋白、粗淀粉、脂肪含量等）。选择产量、糖度、皮渣率最优的前50%自交系开展完全双列杂交试验和配合力测定。利用相同的方法对杂交组合材料进行性状调查,同时通过人工品尝对气味、色泽、糯性/甜度、风味、柔嫩度、细腻度共6个方面进行打分,并获得综合得分,与对照品种进行比较,评价杂交组合的利用价值。【结果】参试甜、糯玉米自交系皮渣率、产量、糖度的变异系数分别达到20%、30%和10%,有较大的遗传变异基础。皮渣率、产量、糖度等大部分性状的广义遗传力在50%以上,说明具有较高的遗传稳定性。甜玉米群体中开花期与糖度呈显著负相关,与产量和皮渣率呈显著正相关;产量与皮渣率呈显著正相关,与糖度相关性不显著。结果表明,甜玉米育种的目标性状口感好与高产不易兼得,生产中应该适当选择早花短生育期材料。糯玉米群体中皮渣率与开花期、产量性状存在显著负相关,而糖度与开花期、产量性状无显著相关性,表明糯玉米育种的目标性状口感好与高产可同时兼得,生产中应该适当选择晚花长生育期材料。在甜玉米自交系中分别鉴定到产量性状一般配合力（general combining ability,GCA）效应值为正值、糖度GCA效应值为正值和皮渣率GCA效应值为负值的自交系各3个。在糯玉米自交系中分别鉴定到产量性状GCA效应值为正值的自交系3个,糖度GCA效应值为正值的自交系3个,皮渣率GCA效应值为负值的自交系4个。筛选获得6个综合育种潜力较大的甜、糯玉米组合,4个有应用潜力的紫黑色甜玉米组合,1个粒色有较大应用价值的自交系SICAU76。【结论】收集的甜、糯玉米自交系存在较大的遗传变异。花期性状与品质性状间有较强的内在联系。依据其相关性,甜玉米生产应适当选择早花短生育期材料,糯玉米生产应适当选择晚花长生育期材料。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 产量, 品质, 育种潜力

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the agronomy, yield and quality traits of 120 sweet and waxy maize inbred lines, and analyze the correlation between different traits and evaluate the breeding potential by using candidate inbred lines. 【Method】 Investigating the general agronomic traits (flowering time, plant height, ear height), yield traits (fresh bud ear weight, fresh ear weight, fresh kernel weight, etc.) and quality traits (residue rate, brix, crude protein, crude starch, crude fat, etc.). The top 50% inbred lines with high yield and brix, and low residue rate were selected to determine the General Combining Ability (GCA) via diallel crossing. The same method was used to investigate the traits of the hybrid combinations, and the artificial score of taste was applied to six traits of smell, cheerful color, waxy/sweetness, flavor, tenderness and fineness, and the comprehensive score was obtained. The utilization value of the hybrid combinations was evaluated by comparing with the control varieties. 【Result】 The coefficients of variation of residue rate, yield, and sugar content of the tested inbred lines reached 20%, 30%, and 10%, respectively, implying there is a large genetic variation. The generalized heritability of most traits such as residue rate, yield and sugar content are above 50%, indicating that these traits have high genetic stability. In the sweet corn population, flowering time is negatively correlated with sugar content, and positively correlated with yield and residue rate. Yield is positively correlated with residue rate, but has no significant correlation with sugar content. These results suggested that it is not easy to have both good taste and high yield in sweet corn breeding, and that moderate early flowering materials will be better in field. In the waxy corn population, residue rate is negatively correlated with flowering time and yield traits, while the sugar content has no significant correlation with flowering time and yield traits. These results suggested that good taste and high yield can be achieved simultaneously in waxy maize breeding, and that moderate late flowering will be better in field. In the candidate sweet corn inbred lines, there are 3 lines have been identified to have positive GCA value for yield traits, brix, and negative GCA value for the residue rate, respectively. In the candidate waxy corn inbred lines, there are 3, 3, and 4 lines have been identified to have positive GCA value for yield traits, brix, and negative GCA value for the residue rate, respectively. Six sweet corn hybrid combinations and six waxy corn hybrid combinations with great comprehensive breeding potential have been isolated. Four black sweet corn hybrid combinations with application potential, and one inbred line SICAU76 with great application value in black grain have been isolated. 【Conclusion】The sweet and waxy corn inbred lines collected in this study have a large degree of genetic variation. The agronomic, yield, and quality traits of sweet and waxy corn have some intrinsic correlation. According to the correlation between flowering time and quality traits, moderate early flowering materials for sweet corn production, and moderate late flowering materials for waxy corn production will be better in field.

Key words: fresh corn, yield, quality, breeding potential

冯宣军, 潘立腾, 熊浩, 汪青军, 李静威, 张雪梅, 胡尔良, 林海建, 郑洪建, 卢艳丽. 南方地区120份甜、糯玉米自交系重要目标性状和育种潜力分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(5): 856-873.

FENG XuanJun, PAN LiTeng, XIONG Hao, WANG QingJun, LI JingWei, ZHANG XueMei, HU ErLiang, LIN HaiJian, ZHENG HongJian, LU YanLi. Investigation on Important Target Traits and Breeding Potential of 120 Sweet and Waxy Maize Inbred Lines in the South of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 856-873.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I5/856

图/表 9

表1

表2

表3

图1

表4

6份甜玉米自交系及7份糯玉米自交系各性状的一般配合力"

自交系 Inbred lines	抽雄期 DTT (d)	吐丝期 DTS (d)	散粉期 DTA (d)	散粉吐丝间期ASI (d)	株高 PH (cm)	穗位高 EH (cm)	鲜苞穗重 FBEW (g)	鲜穗重 FEW (g)	鲜籽粒重 FKW (g)	干籽粒重 DKW (g)	出籽率 KR (%)	含水量 WC (%)	糖度 BR	皮渣率 RR (%)	粗蛋白 CP (%)	粗淀粉 CS (%)	粗脂肪 CF (%)
SHTL03	-1.53e	-1.08d	-0.78d	-0.01a	-15.66d	-12.03d	-5.27b	-2.88b	3.49c	1.41b	2.14a	-0.28b	0.66a	0.69a	-0.84c	-0.30b	-0.02abc
SICAU66	0.32bc	0.53b	0.20bc	0.01a	0.05b	4.54b	37.39a	26.25a	10.48bc	-0.07b	-2.46c	1.44a	-0.44c	-0.27bc	-0.15b	0.22a	-0.09c
SICAU72	0.66b	-0.08bc	0.41ab	-0.32b	4.91b	3.22b	35.15a	31.97a	26.18a	4.32a	1.74a	1.15a	0.19ab	0.22ab	-0.21b	0.21a	-0.06bc
SICAU75	1.44a	1.21a	0.74a	0.12a	14.73a	13.76a	47.78a	27.88a	15.93b	2.18ab	-1.09bc	1.07a	-0.16bc	-0.01b	0.28a	0.14a	0.08a
SICAU76	-0.71d	-0.08bc	-0.26cd	0.09a	2.46b	-2.25c	-56.93c	-40.15c	-25.81d	-3.28c	0.38ab	-1.76c	-0.43c	-0.70c	0.45a	-0.16b	0.05ab
SICAU77	-0.29c	-0.63cd	-0.42d	0.10a	-7.27c	-7.62d	-57.67c	-43.16c	-29.32d	-4.35c	-0.38b	-1.64c	0.30ab	0.18ab	0.38a	-0.14b	0.04ab
SHWL22	-0.59d	-1.26e	-0.71c	0.08ab	-7.42b	-5.59c	-21.57e	-34.31d	-11.03c	-2.84b	4.51a	-0.86cd	0.49a	-0.04	0.30a	0.22a	0.00b
SHWL44	-0.98d	-0.58d	-0.85c	0.28a	-5.53b	-3.63c	-11.88de	-0.30b	11.15a	3.80a	4.63a	0.74b	-0.02bc	0.04	-0.05b	-0.08bc	0.06ab
SICAU03	0.90a	0.64a	0.77a	-0.12b	0.68a	-4.38c	-5.14cd	-12.77c	-12.14c	-3.15b	-2.47c	-1.25d	0.08ab	0.26	0.11ab	0.01abc	0.09a
SICAU12	0.41b	0.05bc	0.17b	-0.14b	4.52a	8.52a	15.76a	18.97a	3.64b	1.26a	-2.57c	0.08bc	-0.08bc	-0.39	0.26a	0.21ab	-0.03b
SICAU21	-0.75d	-0.22cd	-0.70c	0.25a	2.80a	3.60b	6.64ab	12.65a	13.16a	1.26a	2.82b	2.29a	-0.30bc	0.42	-0.34c	-0.06abc	-0.21c
SICAU34	-0.05c	0.09bc	0.16b	0.02ab	4.90a	6.03ab	2.29bc	0.07b	4.89b	4.00a	2.01b	-1.24d	-0.36c	-0.23	-0.05b	-0.18c	0.05ab
SICAU47	0.63ab	0.46ab	0.74a	-0.25b	-6.15b	-9.88d	-6.21cd	-11.25c	-18.36d	-6.51c	-5.28d	-0.50cd	0.46a	-0.01	-0.09bc	-0.01abc	0.04ab

表4

表5

甜玉米组合特殊配合力（SCA）"

组合 Combinations	抽雄期 DTT (d)	吐丝期 DTS (d)	散粉期 DTA (d)	散粉吐丝间期ASI (d)	株高 PH (cm)	穗位高 EH (cm)	鲜苞穗重 FBEW (g)	鲜穗重 FEW (g)	鲜籽粒重 FKW (g)	干籽粒重 DKW (g)	出籽率 KR (%)	含水量 WC (%)	糖度 BR	皮渣率 RR (%)	粗蛋白 CP (%)	粗淀粉 CS (%)	粗脂肪 CF (%)
SHTL03×SICAU66	-1.91	-1.41	-1.21	-0.58	-21.61	-15.1	-45.25	-36.7	-29.97	-8.28	-2.10	0.75	0.23	-0.80	-0.34	0.70	-0.17
SHTL03×SICAU72	5.36	5.74	5.71	0.35	11.64	5.24	22.57	39.62	36.16	13.05	2.07	-1.80	-1.10	-0.18	-0.19	-2.37	-0.14
SHTL03×SICAU75	6.57	7.12	6.05	-0.09	12.62	6.83	60.05	75.94	65.88	18.81	3.76	-1.19	-0.20	4.21	0.65	-2.16	0.04
SHTL03×SICAU76	-1.08	-1.19	-1.15	-0.26	-6.55	0.8	-11.04	-5.84	-4.92	-2.05	0.52	0.46	-0.85	-0.16	0.03	0.64	-0.13
SHTL03×SICAU77	4.64	3.95	4.21	-0.06	13.69	-0.05	43.98	13.53	4.39	5.27	-0.95	-2.58	-0.42	4.29	-0.23	-1.46	0.05
SICAU66×SHTL03	6.03	4.46	5.59	0.35	9.51	-0.47	17.00	16.45	18.08	5.72	1.96	-0.64	0.42	-1.37	-0.50	-2.33	-0.37
SICAU66×SICAU72	-2.66	-2.54	-2.43	-0.17	-11.43	-7.58	-30.26	-20.02	-17.96	-6.83	-1.23	1.06	-0.83	-0.46	0.42	0.93	-0.11
SICAU66×SICAU75	-3.12	-2.16	-2.76	0.39	-10.91	-1.13	-12.81	-7.08	-8.97	-4.46	-1.14	1.01	-0.78	-0.79	0.09	0.71	0.24
SICAU66×SICAU76	-1.47	-1.03	-1.76	-0.08	-4.88	-5.55	-6.40	10.96	7.68	6.46	-0.03	-1.83	1.03	-0.2	0.06	0.82	0.12
SICAU66×SICAU77	-3.05	-3.49	-3.27	-0.75	-19.25	-13.91	-42.49	-22.6	-22.35	-9.17	-3.05	2.42	0.35	-0.05	-0.12	1.13	0.09
SICAU72×SHTL03	-2.98	-2.93	-3.12	0.19	-12.86	-7.76	-24.38	-18.33	-13.97	-5.19	-0.96	1.13	0.11	-0.30	0.38	0.96	0.12
SICAU72×SICAU66	-3.33	-2.54	-2.93	-0.33	-3.30	-1.42	10.85	1.71	-3.18	-4.12	-1.12	1.09	-0.37	0.07	0.32	1.33	-0.16
SICAU72×SICAU75	-2.45	-1.38	-1.30	-0.44	-24.04	-17.45	-48.04	-38.22	-30.44	-7.80	-1.95	0.18	0.60	-0.70	0.00	1.26	-0.06
SICAU72×SICAU76	-4.47	-4.79	-5.14	-0.55	-2.08	-2.68	5.89	1.57	8.02	0.84	2.33	1.01	0.37	-0.11	0.62	1.31	0.23
SICAU72×SICAU77	-3.89	-4.04	-3.98	0.25	-2.32	-0.92	-13.86	4.95	6.11	0.10	1.57	1.07	1.99	-0.61	-1.00	0.99	-0.11
SICAU75×SHTL03	-2.93	-2.55	-2.95	-0.09	4.56	0.70	-9.80	-6.95	-1.96	-0.35	0.82	-0.04	0.98	0.05	-0.12	0.84	0.06
SICAU75×SICAU66	-2.62	-1.99	-2.93	0.39	0.25	3.53	-9.27	-13.97	-13.22	-5.80	-0.87	1.22	0.42	0.18	0.66	1.32	-0.09
SICAU75×SICAU72	-2.62	-2.54	-2.30	-0.28	-17.64	-12.65	-50.04	-28.31	-18.28	-4.61	0.24	-0.29	1.26	0.03	0.20	1.15	0.22
SICAU75×SICAU76	1.75	0.38	0.78	0.31	10.50	6.35	21.65	11.62	8.83	1.01	0.20	0.80	-0.92	-0.62	-0.28	-0.4	-0.02
SICAU75×SICAU77	6.33	7.67	5.69	0.81	24.63	14.63	114.45	82.88	67.00	17.75	4.09	-0.33	-0.59	0.97	0.03	-1.17	0.22
SICAU76×SHTL03	1.72	1.66	1.55	0.19	5.19	9.04	22.76	3.46	-14.35	-4.99	-4.59	0.56	-0.15	-1.16	-0.54	-0.47	0.00
SICAU76×SICAU66	-2.73	-2.20	-1.93	0.12	-5.42	-1.28	-11.74	-5.24	-3.91	-0.55	-0.28	-0.1	0.92	-0.62	-0.74	0.22	0.14
SICAU76×SICAU72	0.53	-0.34	0.11	0.25	23.77	10.70	-0.14	-11.06	-0.29	1.46	3.04	-0.34	0.47	-0.11	-0.06	-0.76	-0.01
SICAU76×SICAU75	4.75	3.13	4.20	-0.52	37.63	26.65	35.15	5.43	-2.58	-0.47	-2.76	-0.03	-1.43	-0.81	0.04	-2.43	-0.19
SICAU76×SICAU77	-3.02	-2.2	-2.48	-0.17	-16.20	-15.79	-59.36	-45.42	-36.34	-13.21	-3.65	1.91	0.02	-0.43	0.41	1.10	-0.03
SICAU77×SHTL03	1.05	0.45	0.96	0.19	-4.93	-3.88	8.25	-1.44	-6.16	0.30	-1.40	-1.18	0.59	-1.60	-0.12	-0.76	0.03
SICAU77×SICAU66	5.45	4.34	6.23	0.91	15.91	15.06	32.84	7.84	7.82	5.16	1.39	-1.74	-2.00	1.13	-0.10	-1.65	0.06
SICAU77×SICAU75	-2.67	-2.49	-2.64	-0.36	0.83	-1.01	-8.88	-3.5	-0.13	0.92	0.96	0.05	-0.26	-0.69	0.59	0.81	-0.01
SICAU77×SICAU76	4.23	3.46	4.19	-0.17	-1.80	8.49	-38.59	-21.57	-13.66	-1.05	1.18	-3.04	-0.63	0.13	0.84	0.14	-0.14

表5

表6

糯玉米组合特殊配合力（SCA）"

组合 Combinations	抽雄期 DTT	吐丝期 DTS	散粉期 DTA	散粉吐丝间期ASI	株高 PH	穗位高 EH	鲜苞穗重 FBEW	鲜穗重 FEW	鲜籽粒重 FKW	干籽粒重 DKW	出籽率 KR	含水量 WC	糖度 BR	皮渣率 RR	粗蛋白 CP	粗淀粉 CS	粗脂肪 CF
SHWL44×SHWL22	0.45	1.68	1.06	0.05	-32.79	-16.95	-67.30	-43.52	-39.11	-19.65	-4.77	2.54	0.07	2.19	-0.13	0.63	-0.14
SHWL44×SICAU03	-1.04	-1.39	-1.25	-0.09	3.91	-1.59	23.76	25.35	12.27	5.11	-0.60	0.03	0.65	0.25	-0.44	0.03	0.04
SHWL44×SICAU12	-0.05	0.21	-0.32	-0.06	-1.93	2.47	-3.64	-7.47	-6.62	-4.04	-1.16	0.42	-0.42	-0.58	0.41	-0.02	0.03
SHWL44×SICAU21	-0.06	-0.36	-0.62	-0.46	-9.11	-6.95	-45.51	-40.77	-28.69	-14.31	-2.23	2.51	-0.41	0.25	0.27	0.41	-0.17
SHWL44×SICAU34	-1.42	-1.50	-0.15	-0.06	0.02	1.42	13.84	12.23	11.74	4.78	1.24	0.04	0.26	-0.68	-0.16	0.39	0.07
SHWL44×SICAU47	7.73	5.79	6.44	-0.29	31.10	20.33	81.34	76.13	64.93	37.73	7.49	-6.75	0.89	-1.17	-0.38	-2.76	-0.01
SICAU03×SHWL22	-1.43	-1.88	-1.55	0.12	9.77	6.1	31.78	6.51	3.63	1.58	-0.12	-0.28	0.35	0.13	-0.24	0.12	0.05
SICAU03×SHWL44	-1.21	-1.56	-2.09	0.25	10.91	4.21	33.43	34.71	22.21	8.93	1.03	-0.01	0.61	-1.30	-0.25	-0.37	0.13
SICAU03×SICAU12	-1.43	-1.52	-1.27	-0.16	11.13	4.12	8.29	6.54	-6.19	-2.13	-3.30	0.23	-0.05	-0.48	0.43	0.52	0.18
SICAU03×SICAU21	-0.27	-0.75	-0.4	0.28	4.85	2.68	32.75	26.13	16.61	6.14	0.99	0.28	-0.75	-1.69	-0.6	0.79	-0.01
SICAU03×SICAU34	0.03	0.27	-0.10	0.01	-9.99	-4.19	-13.24	-13.18	-16.79	-8.84	-3.34	1.11	-1.02	-1.43	0.25	0.33	-0.05
SICAU03×SICAU47	1.52	2.57	2.16	-0.22	-28.78	-18.48	-90.91	-76.46	-43.32	-19.47	-1.74	1.36	0.37	2.61	0.80	-0.01	-0.04
SICAU12×SHWL22	-0.60	-0.12	-0.29	0.31	1.16	4.53	20.05	27.94	11.38	2.52	-3.19	1.82	-0.18	-0.16	0.34	0.13	-0.03
SICAU12×SHWL44	11.29	11.54	12.18	-0.73	22.94	30.17	12.03	-8.00	20.38	15.48	9.66	-5.12	-0.41	2.96	0.17	-1.87	-0.42
SICAU12×SICAU03	-0.76	-1.19	-0.94	-0.16	8.13	1.26	25.29	18.11	-1.19	1.38	-4.28	-0.51	-0.25	-0.66	0.24	0.32	0.18
SICAU12×SICAU21	0.06	0.01	0.03	-0.03	-4.73	-1.23	-8.32	-8.31	5.57	2.89	3.40	-0.78	0.09	0.02	-0.03	-0.39	0.05
SICAU12×SICAU34	-0.13	-0.47	-0.50	0.03	-6.39	-0.52	2.36	13.11	10.81	-0.16	0.98	2.36	0.06	1.95	-0.57	-0.09	-0.24
SICAU12×SICAU47	-1.15	-1.17	-1.41	-0.03	2.75	-1.18	12.86	13.73	-5.32	-1.35	-4.37	-0.43	0.84	-1.41	-0.08	0.74	-0.08
SICAU21×SHWL22	0.22	0.15	-0.09	-0.42	-3.65	-2.85	-21.82	-10.97	-7.77	-4.43	-0.87	0.89	-0.17	-1.07	0.38	0.01	-0.08
SICAU21×SHWL44	-0.06	0.81	0.21	0.88	-15.98	-9.15	-48.34	-29.35	-21.47	-10.94	-1.97	1.36	-0.71	0.77	0.47	0.44	-0.15
SICAU21×SICAU03	-0.43	-0.92	-0.57	-0.39	5.65	5.48	63.41	60.38	32.20	11.18	-0.60	1.02	-0.28	0.02	-0.56	-0.04	0.02
SICAU21×SICAU12	-0.60	0.01	-0.47	0.14	-8.59	-3.43	0.16	1.14	3.57	-5.2	0.74	3.40	-0.20	-0.14	-0.16	0.07	-0.28
SICAU21×SICAU34	-1.31	-1.03	-1.13	-0.03	2.53	1.26	-9.01	-10.47	-16.67	-8.94	-4.31	1.06	-0.18	-0.46	-0.02	-0.52	0.10
SICAU21×SICAU47	-1.00	-0.74	-0.87	0.07	1.90	2.27	33.49	37.53	23.05	10.79	1.32	-1.19	0.03	0.62	-0.51	0.35	-0.06
SICAU34×SHWL22	-0.47	-0.66	-0.62	-0.36	6.65	2.69	-2.14	-5.43	6.07	6.41	4.45	-2.75	-0.31	-0.12	0.00	0.25	0.09
SICAU34×SHWL44	-1.09	-1.17	-0.82	-0.06	9.42	5.42	12.50	19.82	15.73	6.65	0.54	-0.05	-0.03	-0.68	0.22	-0.02	0.29
SICAU34×SICAU03	0.20	0.44	-0.43	0.17	5.01	2.18	-5.41	-3.49	-2.28	0.33	0.40	-0.76	0.13	0.15	-0.09	-0.25	0.00
SICAU34×SICAU12	0.03	0.03	-0.17	-0.13	-3.73	0.88	-15.97	-8.45	-1.92	1.80	0.62	-1.00	0.01	0.56	0.04	0.36	-0.01
SICAU34×SICAU21	-1.48	-0.03	-1.30	0.47	13.06	6.33	14.99	11.81	11.09	7.98	0.76	-2.00	1.23	0.98	0.42	0.19	0.05
SICAU34×SICAU47	0.31	0.45	0.26	0.14	-3.23	-4.49	2.50	-8.96	-11.23	-6.73	-2.52	1.97	-0.97	-0.83	0.03	0.38	-0.13
SICAU47×SHWL22	-1.16	-1.86	-1.69	0.25	14.59	2.93	44.03	29.76	17.85	6.92	-0.42	0.03	0.28	-1.35	-0.23	-0.21	0.15
SICAU47×SHWL44	-1.44	-1.71	-1.73	-0.29	9.43	3.57	47.17	33.35	19.80	7.26	0.49	0.21	-0.30	-1.16	-0.31	-0.48	0.10
SICAU47×SICAU03	1.18	2.57	2.33	-0.06	-25.14	-15.04	-105.91	-92.45	-53.06	-22.47	-3.36	-0.32	0.12	2.01	0.78	0.23	-0.23
SICAU47×SICAU12	-0.82	-1.34	-1.08	0.14	4.95	1.52	2.03	13.20	-1.52	0.27	-2.55	-0.64	-0.22	-1.30	-0.17	-0.02	0.36
SICAU47×SICAU21	-1.83	-1.90	-1.54	-0.09	10.74	6.80	15.66	12.30	-0.87	-4.28	-2.31	2.72	0.37	0.89	-0.32	0.06	0.15
SICAU47×SICAU34	-0.03	-0.38	-0.24	-0.19	-5.30	-2.06	17.17	12.21	-4.35	-3.40	-3.74	0.98	-0.02	-0.39	-0.06	0.24	0.04

表6

表7

不同鲜食玉米品系与对照品种在产量、糖度、皮渣率、品尝性状上的比较"

甜糯类型 Sweet or waxy	组合 Combinations	鲜苞穗重 FBEW (g)	显著性 Sig.	糖度 BR	显著性 Sig.	皮渣率 RR (%)	显著性 Sig.	品尝综合得分 Taste score	显著性 Sig.
甜玉米 Sweet corn	SHTL03×SICAU66	331.31	*	18.46	*	11.85	**	55.50	ns
	SHTL03×SICAU72	396.89	ns	17.72	ns	12.95	**	53.68	ns
	SHTL03×SICAU75	447.00	ns	18.27	ns	17.11	**	56.71	ns
	SHTL03×SICAU76	310.00	**	17.48	ns	11.98	**	54.75	ns
	SHTL03×SICAU77	325.48	**	18.51	ns	17.39	**	52.00	ns
	SICAU66×SHTL03	393.56	ns	18.59	*	11.27	**	54.63	ns
	SICAU66×SICAU72	386.72	ns	16.88	ns	11.71	**	53.37	ns
	SICAU66×SICAU75	416.80	ns	16.58	ns	11.15	*	52.43	ns
	SICAU66×SICAU76	318.50	*	18.12	ns	11.05	**	54.65	ns
	SICAU66×SICAU77	281.67	***	18.17	ns	12.08	**	54.05	ns
	SICAU72×SHTL03	349.94	ns	18.93	**	12.83	**	53.06	ns
	SICAU72×SICAU66	427.83	ns	17.33	ns	12.23	**	55.00	ns
	SICAU72×SICAU75	379.33	ns	18.60	*	11.73	*	53.91	ns
	SICAU72×SICAU76	328.56	*	18.02	ns	11.78	**	53.88	ns
	SICAU72×SICAU77	308.06	*	20.45	**	12.01	**	54.72	ns
	SICAU75×SHTL03	377.15	ns	19.45	*	12.95	**	53.35	ns
	SICAU75×SICAU66	420.33	ns	17.78	ns	12.12	**	54.73	ns
	SICAU75×SICAU72	377.33	ns	19.25	*	12.46	**	55.00	ns
	SICAU75×SICAU76	356.94	ns	16.33	*	10.59	*	53.00	ns
	SICAU75×SICAU77	449.00	ns	17.52	ns	13.36	**	56.00	ns
	SICAU76×SHTL03	305.00	ns	18.18	ns	11.04	**	52.60	ns
	SICAU76×SICAU66	313.16	*	18.17	ns	10.56	**	51.81	ns
	SICAU76×SICAU72	322.53	*	18.37	ns	11.42	**	52.92	ns
	SICAU76×SICAU75	370.44	ns	15.94	**	10.70	ns	53.50	ns
	SICAU76×SICAU77	170.48	***	17.86	ns	11.27	*	52.86	ns
	SICAU77×SHTL03	289.75	**	19.09	*	11.65	**	50.25	*
	SICAU77×SICAU66	357.00	ns	15.82	**	13.25	**	52.60	ns
	SICAU77×SICAU75	325.67	*	17.84	ns	11.71	**	55.48	*
	SICAU77×SICAU76	191.25	***	17.62	ns	11.47	**	54.75	ns
	荣玉甜99 Rongyutian 99	406.63		17.55		9.53		53.11
糯玉米 Waxy corn	SHWL44×SHWL22	225.33	***	16.14	**	7.72	ns	51.67	*
	SHWL44×SICAU03	332.83	*	16.32	**	7.83	*	53.42	ns
	SHWL44×SICAU12	326.33	*	15.08	**	8.14	ns	53.06	ns
	SHWL44×SICAU21	275.33	**	14.87	**	8.14	ns	53.05	ns
	SHWL44×SICAU34	330.33	*	15.48	**	8.39	ns	50.58	**
	SHWL44×SICAU47	389.33	ns	16.93	**	8.41	ns	52.83	ns
	SICAU03×SHWL22	331.17	*	16.52	**	8.46	ns	53.95	ns
	SICAU03×SHWL44	342.50	ns	16.28	**	8.53	ns	52.14	ns
甜糯类型 Sweet or waxy	组合 Combinations	鲜苞穗重 FBEW (g)	显著性 Sig.	糖度 BR	显著性 Sig.	皮渣率 RR (%)	显著性 Sig.	品尝综合得分 Taste score	显著性 Sig.
	SICAU03×SICAU12	345.00	ns	15.56	**	8.55	ns	51.74	*
	SICAU03×SICAU21	360.33	ns	14.64	*	8.61	ns	54.00	ns
	SICAU03×SICAU34	310.00	*	14.30	*	8.67	ns	51.43	*
	SICAU03×SICAU47	223.83	***	16.51	**	8.67	ns	52.42	ns
	SICAU12×SHWL22	340.33	ns	15.82	**	8.74	ns	52.45	ns
	SICAU12×SHWL44	342.00	ns	15.09	ns	8.85	ns	53.29	ns
	SICAU12×SICAU03	362.00	ns	15.35	**	8.90	ns	52.61	ns
	SICAU12×SICAU21	340.17	ns	15.31	**	8.93	ns	51.91	*
	SICAU12×SICAU34	346.50	ns	15.22	**	8.94	ns	52.68	ns
	SICAU12×SICAU47	348.50	ns	16.81	**	9.14	ns	54.21	ns
	SICAU21×SHWL22	289.33	**	15.62	**	9.27	ns	53.82	ns
	SICAU21×SHWL44	272.50	***	14.58	**	9.43	ns	53.12	ns
	SICAU21×SICAU03	391.00	ns	15.11	**	9.47	ns	53.11	ns
	SICAU21×SICAU12	348.65	ns	15.02	**	9.58	ns	52.56	ns
	SICAU21×SICAU34	326.00	*	14.75	**	9.72	ns	50.12	***
	SICAU21×SICAU47	360.00	ns	15.78	**	9.89	ns	53.59	ns
	SICAU34×SHWL22	304.67	**	15.41	**	10.10	ns	51.21	*
	SICAU34×SHWL44	329.00	*	15.20	**	10.25	ns	50.75	**
	SICAU34×SICAU03	317.83	**	15.45	**	10.25	ns	52.18	ns
	SICAU34×SICAU12	328.17	*	15.17	**	10.56	ns	53.17	ns
	SICAU34×SICAU21	350.00	ns	16.17	**	10.71	ns	51.00	*
	SICAU34×SICAU47	324.67	ns	14.72	*	10.76	*	51.29	**
	SICAU47×SHWL22	342.33	ns	16.82	**	10.83	ns	54.31	ns
	SICAU47×SHWL44	355.17	ns	15.74	**	10.85	ns	52.52	ns
	SICAU47×SICAU03	208.83	***	16.26	**	11.73	ns	54.08	ns
	SICAU47×SICAU12	337.67	ns	15.75	**	11.80	*	53.24	ns
	SICAU47×SICAU21	342.17	ns	16.13	**	12.15	ns	54.14	ns
	SICAU47×SICAU34	339.33	ns	15.67	**	12.40	*	51.83	*
	荣玉糯100 Rongyunuo 100	376.17		11.83		9.24		54.08

表7

图2

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	抽雄期 DTT	吐丝期 DTS	散粉期 DTA	散粉吐丝间期 ASI	株高 PH	穗位高 EH	鲜苞穗重 FBEW	鲜穗重 FEW	鲜籽粒重 FKW	干籽粒重 DKW	出籽率 KR	含水量 WC	糖度 BR	皮渣率 RR	粗蛋白 CP	粗淀粉 CS	粗脂肪 CF
年份 Year	1	169.23***	131.96***	172.09***	1.86	8.30**	44.19***	23.64***	9.40**	3.56	1.35	0.27	4.86*	15.80***	1.74	5.91*	488.14***	11.40*
材料 Line	48	10.04***	7.51***	8.07***	3.12***	25.96***	19.71***	10.29***	10.17***	4.01***	2.82***	3.75***	3.78***	5.66***	7.05***	4.07***	1.65*	3.69***
年份×材料 Year×Line	48	1.52	0.93	1.01	1.17	1.29	1.44	1.43	1.91**	1.57*	1.61*	1.16	1.03	1.07	1.78*	1.58*	1.06	1.36

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	抽雄期 DTT	吐丝期 DTS	散粉期 DTA	散粉吐丝间期 ASI	株高 PH	穗位高 EH	鲜苞穗重 FBEW	鲜穗重 FEW	鲜籽粒重 FKW	干籽粒重 DKW	出籽率 KR	含水量 WC	糖度 BR	皮渣率 RR	粗蛋白 CP	粗淀粉 CS	粗脂肪 CF
年份 Year	1	134.65***	121.92***	146.07***	9.52**	44.24***	141.28***	35.20***	18.45***	5.62*	8.89**	0.19	7.90**	18.53***	28.81***	3.65	798.90***	6.82*
材料 Line	70	14.54***	11.49***	10.92***	1.78**	26.24***	20.11**	6.11***	5.76***	2.83***	2.70***	3.01***	13.10***	3.31***	4.36***	5.21***	2.81***	2.10***
年份×材料 Year×Line	70	0.78	0.61	0.97	1	0.87	1.47*	0.79	1.03	0.79	0.74	0.91	1.85**	1.16	2.11***	1.64**	1.82**	1.02

南方地区120份甜、糯玉米自交系重要目标性状和育种潜力分析

Investigation on Important Target Traits and Breeding Potential of 120 Sweet and Waxy Maize Inbred Lines in the South of China

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性状 Traits	类型 Types	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	变幅 Range	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	广义遗传力H² Broad-sense heritability(H²)
抽雄期 DTT (d)	S	70.2±4.3	55.5—77.3	6.2	0.85
抽雄期 DTT (d)	W	71.4±3.8	48.8—78.5	5.3	0.94
吐丝期 DTS (d)	S	74.8±4.1	60.5—81.0	5.5	0.87
吐丝期 DTS (d)	W	74.1±3.6	58.3—82.8	4.9	0.93
散粉期 DTA (d)	S	73.8±3.7	61.8—80.3	5.0	0.88
散粉期 DTA (d)	W	73.7±3.3	57.8—81.5	4.5	0.91
散粉吐丝间期ASI (d)	S	1.4±1.0	0.3—6.3	68.7	0.63
散粉吐丝间期ASI (d)	W	1.0±0.6	0.0—3.5	60.8	0.44
株高 PH (cm)	S	161.4±32.2	106.5—226.3	20.0	0.95
株高 PH (cm)	W	171.6±27.4	109.3—223.9	16.0	0.96
穗位高 EH (cm)	S	52.4±17.4	19.0—91.6	33.1	0.93
穗位高 EH (cm)	W	67.3±17.1	22.7—129.4	25.4	0.93
鲜苞穗重 FBEW (g)	S	212.5±71.4	102.0—356.8	33.6	0.87
鲜苞穗重 FBEW (g)	W	180.8±45.2	59.2—293.7	25.0	0.86
鲜穗重 FEW (g)	S	129.2±45.6	43.0—225.6	35.3	0.82
鲜穗重 FEW (g)	W	109.2±30.4	46.2—215.2	27.8	0.83
鲜籽粒重 FKW (g)	S	70.7±27.4	5.0—125.5	38.7	0.62
鲜籽粒重 FKW (g)	W	58.9±17.8	18.6—123.3	30.2	0.69
干籽粒重 DKW (g)	S	17.2±6.0	1.1—26.8	34.6	0.41
干籽粒重 DKW (g)	W	23.5±7.2	7.6—45.6	30.8	0.68
出籽率 KR (%)	S	53.2±11.4	6.4—70.6	21.4	0.71
出籽率 KR (%)	W	53.5±9.0	32.5—68.7	16.8	0.69
含水量 WC (%)	S	75.0±3.3	66.0—80.2	4.3	0.75
含水量 WC (%)	W	60.0±4.3	48.8—68.2	7.1	0.87
糖度 BR (%)	S	17.7±1.8	14.2—23.9	10.0	0.84
糖度 BR (%)	W	15.3±1.5	10.2—18.8	10.1	0.66
皮渣率 RR (%)	S	11.2±2.2	7.0—15.9	19.9	0.78
皮渣率 RR (%)	W	9.7±2.3	6.4—19.5	23.7	0.55
粗蛋白 CP (%)	S	9.0±1.1	6.3—12.7	12.4	0.67
粗蛋白 CP (%)	W	10.5±1.1	8.0—12.9	10.0	0.69
粗淀粉 CS (%)	S	67.8±1.2	64.3—71.4	1.8	0.35
粗淀粉 CS (%)	W	69.1±1.0	66.3—71.1	1.4	0.35
粗脂肪 CF (%)	S	3.4±0.4	2.8—4.2	11.8	0.68
粗脂肪 CF (%)	W	2.8±0.3	1.9—3.5	10.3	0.51

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