中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 1971-1985.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.10.005
收稿日期:
2019-09-11
接受日期:
2019-10-17
出版日期:
2020-05-16
发布日期:
2020-05-22
通讯作者:
廖允成
作者简介:
赵德强,E-mail:zhaodeqiang@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
ZHAO DeQiang,LI Tong,HOU YuTing,YUAN JinChuan,LIAO YunCheng()
Received:
2019-09-11
Accepted:
2019-10-17
Online:
2020-05-16
Published:
2020-05-22
Contact:
YunCheng LIAO
摘要:
【目的】 间作是提高土地利用率和作物产量的重要农作措施,通过对不同行比玉米大豆间作模式中作物干物质积累速率和积累量以及产量的计算,分析2种作物干物质分配规律、种间竞争能力以及边际效应的强度和范围,探讨间作种植提高土地生产力的机理。【方法】 试验以4种不同行比的玉米大豆间作(6M6S、6M3S、3M6S、3M3S)为研究对象,设置2种作物的单作(CKM、CKS)为对照,分析干物质积累分配规律、间作系统产量和生物量组成,采用每一行(依次从玉米和大豆的交接行向内记为第I行、第II行和第III行)取样的方法,计算边际效应和茎叶输出量、输出率和贡献率。【结果】 在2年试验中,4个间作处理的玉米单株干物质积累量均高于CKM,其中6M6S、3M6S处理的大豆单株干物质积累量高于CKS。间作提高了玉米全生育期和大豆分枝前期、分枝后期、鼓粒期、成熟期时的干物质积累速率。2年试验中,6M6S、6M3S、3M6S和3M3S处理的玉米产量分别达到CKM的73.9%、88.7%、52.8%、65.5%,大豆产量分别达到CKS的26.1%、11.3%、47.2%、34.5%,其产量土地当量比(LERYMS)分别为1.31、1.23、1.33、1.13,玉米对大豆的产量种间相对竞争力分别为0.44、0.47、0.45、0.46。间作提高了玉米I行、II行和III行,大豆II行和III行的干物质积累速率与积累量,而降低了I行大豆的干物质积累速率和积累量。2年试验中,间作玉米的I行、II行、III行的单株产量分别为CKM的151.43%、138.51%、130.83%,间作大豆的I行、II行、III行的单株产量分别为CKS的90.22%,104.16%、109.03%。2年试验中作物茎叶干物质积累量均在吐丝期(盛花期)达到最大值,各处理的玉米叶、玉米茎、大豆茎叶的输出量平均分别为15.70 g/plant、27.64 g/plant、7.43 g/plant,输出率平均分别为22.80%、44.23%、19.61%,贡献率平均分别为14.99%、26.28%、27.79%。【结论】 玉米和大豆间作提高了作物干物质积累量和产量,提高了茎叶干物质输出量,提高了土地当量比,其中玉米的贡献大于大豆。不同行比配置对间作的边际效应有影响,间作玉米中I、II、III行的干物质积累量和产量依次降低,间作大豆则依次升高。相比于其他间作处理,3M6S处理土地当量比最高,是最有利于发挥间作优势,提高土地利用率的间作模式。
赵德强,李彤,侯玉婷,元晋川,廖允成. 玉米大豆间作模式下干物质积累和产量的边际效应及其系统效益[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(10): 1971-1985.
ZHAO DeQiang,LI Tong,HOU YuTing,YUAN JinChuan,LIAO YunCheng. Benefits and Marginal Effect of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Patterns[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(10): 1971-1985.
表1
不同行比玉米大豆间作下土地当量比和种间相对竞争力变化"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 产量土地当量比LERYMS | 产量种间相对竞争力AYMS | 生物量土地当量比LERBMS | 生物量种间相对竞争力ABMS | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 Maize | 大豆 Soybean | LERYMS | 玉米 Maize | 大豆 Soybean | AYMS | 玉米 Maize | 大豆 Soybean | LERBMS | 玉米 Maize | 大豆 Soybean | ABMS | ||
2017 | 6M6S | 0.77 | 0.56 | 1.33b | 1.43 | 1.04 | 0.39c | 0.73 | 0.53 | 1.26a | 1.47 | 1.05 | 0.42c |
6M3S | 1.02 | 0.27 | 1.30c | 1.42 | 0.76 | 0.66a | 0.93 | 0.26 | 1.20b | 1.40 | 0.79 | 0.61a | |
3M6S | 0.55 | 0.81 | 1.36a | 1.53 | 1.14 | 0.39c | 0.51 | 0.76 | 1.27a | 1.53 | 1.14 | 0.38c | |
3M3S | 0.72 | 0.46 | 1.18d | 1.34 | 0.86 | 0.48b | 0.67 | 0.42 | 1.09c | 1.34 | 0.84 | 0.50b | |
2018 | 6M6S | 0.76 | 0.52 | 1.28ab | 1.53 | 1.04 | 0.49ab | 0.72 | 0.53 | 1.25a | 1.44 | 1.07 | 0.38a |
6M3S | 0.83 | 0.32 | 1.15b | 1.24 | 0.97 | 0.28c | 0.84 | 0.26 | 1.10b | 1.26 | 1.06 | 0.20b | |
3M6S | 0.55 | 0.75 | 1.30a | 1.64 | 1.13 | 0.51a | 0.51 | 0.76 | 1.27a | 1.52 | 1.13 | 0.39a | |
3M3S | 0.64 | 0.43 | 1.07c | 1.28 | 0.85 | 0.43b | 0.67 | 0.42 | 1.09b | 1.33 | 0.89 | 0.44a |
表2
不同种植模式下玉米叶干物质量积累及输出规律"
行号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 2017 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V4 | R1 | R7 | 输出量 Remobilization amount (g/plant) | 输出率 Remobilization efficiency (%) | 贡献率 Conversion rate (%) | V3 | V6 | V12 | R1 | R3 | R7 | 输出量 Remobilization amount (g/plant) | 输出率 Remobilization efficiency (%) | 贡献率 Conversion rate (%) | ||
I | 6M6S | 19.11 | 77.67 | 58.18 | 19.49 | 25.1 | 16.5 | 1.04 | 15.31 | 59.93 | 76.45 | 81.44 | 64.15 | 17.29 | 21.2 | 15.0 |
6M3S | 21.19 | 69.96 | 50.89 | 19.06 | 27.3 | 15.7 | 1.10 | 17.81 | 56.65 | 78.55 | 77.17 | 60.72 | 16.45 | 21.3 | 15.0 | |
3M6S | 18.55 | 73.51 | 57.65 | 15.87 | 21.6 | 12.8 | 1.07 | 19.74 | 46.95 | 88.17 | 87.82 | 67.93 | 19.89 | 22.7 | 16.9 | |
3M3S | 16.55 | 68.32 | 55.44 | 12.88 | 18.9 | 11.8 | 1.30 | 14.66 | 48.41 | 67.41 | 65.63 | 49.05 | 16.58 | 25.3 | 15.1 | |
均值Mean | 18.85 | 72.37 | 55.54 | 16.83 | 23.3 | 14.2 | 1.13 | 16.88 | 52.98 | 77.64 | 78.01 | 60.46 | 17.55 | 22.5 | 15.5 | |
II | 6M6S | 17.86 | 64.55 | 52.13 | 12.42 | 19.2 | 10.9 | 0.97 | 15.25 | 55.72 | 69.62 | 70.42 | 59.53 | 10.88 | 15.5 | 10.1 |
6M3S | 20.85 | 57.13 | 45.88 | 11.25 | 19.7 | 10.7 | 1.26 | 16.23 | 48.77 | 68.05 | 66.93 | 51.98 | 14.95 | 22.3 | 17.2 | |
3M6S | 20.48 | 70.89 | 51.39 | 19.50 | 27.5 | 16.5 | 1.18 | 18.44 | 42.43 | 81.97 | 83.64 | 62.99 | 20.65 | 24.7 | 19.3 | |
3M3S | 15.54 | 61.05 | 45.39 | 15.65 | 25.6 | 15.1 | 0.81 | 15.49 | 45.27 | 69.17 | 70.21 | 49.53 | 20.67 | 29.4 | 22.1 | |
均值Mean | 18.68 | 63.40 | 48.70 | 14.71 | 23.2 | 13.3 | 1.05 | 16.35 | 48.05 | 72.20 | 72.80 | 56.01 | 16.79 | 23.1 | 17.0 | |
III | 6M6S | 15.36 | 60.57 | 49.23 | 11.34 | 18.7 | 10.5 | 1.01 | 14.75 | 55.95 | 66.19 | 64.77 | 50.59 | 14.18 | 21.9 | 14.9 |
6M3S | 17.14 | 59.00 | 48.05 | 10.95 | 18.6 | 9.8 | 0.84 | 21.79 | 45.62 | 60.01 | 66.37 | 49.33 | 17.04 | 25.7 | 20.0 | |
均值Mean | 16.68 | 61.00 | 47.84 | 13.16 | 21.6 | 12.0 | 0.93 | 17.09 | 48.72 | 66.89 | 68.54 | 51.37 | 17.17 | 25.1 | 19.1 | |
CKM | CKM | 16.23 | 52.66 | 41.82 | 10.84 | 20.6 | 13.6 | 1.04 | 15.49 | 40.23 | 56.29 | 57.96 | 42.40 | 15.56 | 26.8 | 19.1 |
表3
不同种植模式下玉米茎干物质量积累及输出规律"
行号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 2017 | 2018 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R7 | 输出量Remobilization amount (g/plant) | 输出率Remobilization efficiency (%) | 贡献率Conversion rate (%) | V12 | R1 | R3 | R7 | 输出量Remobilization amount (g/plant) | 输出率Remobilization efficiency (%) | 贡献率 Conversion rate (%) | ||
I | 6M6S | 72.05 | 39.71 | 32.34 | 44.9 | 27.3 | 25.77 | 75.14 | 50.82 | 41.62 | 33.52 | 44.6 | 29.1 |
6M3S | 61.59 | 35.31 | 26.28 | 42.7 | 21.7 | 24.36 | 67.01 | 45.05 | 35.35 | 31.66 | 47.3 | 28.9 | |
3M6S | 66.10 | 32.40 | 33.70 | 51.0 | 27.1 | 20.19 | 70.98 | 54.59 | 32.97 | 38.01 | 53.5 | 32.3 | |
3M3S | 56.75 | 34.82 | 21.93 | 38.6 | 20.1 | 20.82 | 57.59 | 39.17 | 35.88 | 21.70 | 37.7 | 19.8 | |
均值Mean | 64.12 | 35.56 | 28.56 | 44.5 | 24.2 | 22.78 | 67.68 | 47.40 | 36.45 | 31.22 | 46.2 | 27.6 | |
II | 6M6S | 67.42 | 37.60 | 29.82 | 44.2 | 26.1 | 23.96 | 65.28 | 39.24 | 37.07 | 28.20 | 43.2 | 26.3 |
6M3S | 55.59 | 24.45 | 31.14 | 56.0 | 29.6 | 20.97 | 59.01 | 31.03 | 21.86 | 37.15 | 63.0 | 42.7 | |
3M6S | 65.27 | 36.91 | 28.36 | 43.5 | 23.9 | 18.24 | 72.28 | 47.49 | 38.69 | 33.58 | 46.5 | 31.4 | |
3M3S | 55.82 | 37.05 | 18.77 | 33.6 | 18.1 | 19.47 | 55.75 | 40.81 | 38.19 | 17.56 | 31.5 | 18.8 | |
均值Mean | 61.03 | 34.00 | 27.02 | 44.3 | 24.5 | 20.66 | 63.08 | 39.64 | 33.95 | 29.12 | 46.2 | 29.5 | |
III | 6M6S | 62.14 | 37.17 | 24.97 | 40.2 | 23.1 | 24.06 | 65.86 | 40.03 | 36.97 | 28.89 | 43.9 | 30.4 |
6M3S | 59.96 | 35.45 | 24.51 | 40.9 | 22.0 | 19.62 | 54.25 | 35.31 | 31.14 | 23.10 | 42.6 | 27.2 | |
均值Mean | 59.74 | 35.92 | 23.82 | 39.9 | 21.7 | 21.84 | 59.73 | 38.95 | 35.06 | 24.67 | 41.3 | 27.4 | |
CKM | CKM | 52.51 | 30.90 | 21.62 | 41.2 | 27.2 | 17.30 | 50.17 | 38.78 | 27.29 | 22.88 | 45.6 | 28.1 |
表4
不同种植模式下大豆茎叶干物质积累及输出规律"
行号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 2017 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V4 | R2 | R7 | 输出量Remobilization amount (g/plant) | 输出率Remobilization efficiency (%) | 贡献率Conversion rate (%) | V3 | V4 | V5 | R2 | R5 | R7 | 输出量 Remobilization amount (g/plant) | 输出率 Remobilization efficiency (%) | 贡献率 Conversion rate (%) | ||
I | 6M6S | 9.18 | 29.23 | 22.95 | 6.28 | 21.5 | 28.1 | 1.02 | 9.11 | 17.46 | 28.42 | 32.92 | 25.80 | 7.12 | 21.6 | 29.2 |
6M3S | 8.43 | 26.23 | 21.78 | 4.45 | 17.0 | 22.8 | 1.11 | 9.47 | 20.78 | 23.33 | 33.59 | 26.58 | 7.01 | 20.9 | 24.3 | |
3M6S | 8.17 | 40.39 | 31.19 | 9.20 | 22.8 | 32.9 | 0.99 | 8.57 | 27.98 | 37.23 | 41.81 | 35.89 | 5.92 | 14.2 | 16.3 | |
3M3S | 7.07 | 23.35 | 20.07 | 3.28 | 14.1 | 18.2 | 0.97 | 8.82 | 19.52 | 25.07 | 30.88 | 26.03 | 4.85 | 15.7 | 16.9 | |
均值Mean | 8.21 | 29.80 | 24.00 | 5.80 | 19.5 | 26.4 | 1.02 | 8.99 | 21.44 | 28.51 | 34.80 | 28.58 | 6.22 | 17.9 | 21.1 | |
II | 6M6S | 9.63 | 48.38 | 38.66 | 9.72 | 20.1 | 35.4 | 0.88 | 8.34 | 21.28 | 32.33 | 47.83 | 37.59 | 10.24 | 21.4 | 29.1 |
6M3S | 10.07 | 51.25 | 38.16 | 13.10 | 25.6 | 66.6 | 1.14 | 9.28 | 21.80 | 27.21 | 46.23 | 33.78 | 12.45 | 26.9 | 34.2 | |
3M6S | 11.07 | 45.35 | 36.90 | 8.45 | 18.6 | 31.1 | 1.10 | 8.02 | 24.73 | 32.39 | 42.25 | 37.32 | 4.93 | 11.7 | 13.1 | |
3M3S | 7.92 | 30.00 | 25.18 | 4.82 | 16.1 | 21.3 | 1.09 | 9.95 | 21.47 | 24.23 | 32.38 | 24.58 | 7.80 | 24.1 | 29.5 | |
均值Mean | 9.67 | 43.75 | 34.72 | 9.02 | 20.6 | 37.3 | 1.05 | 8.90 | 22.32 | 29.04 | 42.17 | 33.32 | 8.85 | 21.0 | 26.1 | |
III | 6M6S | 10.40 | 44.20 | 35.89 | 8.30 | 18.8 | 34.1 | 1.07 | 9.21 | 20.94 | 31.71 | 42.71 | 33.09 | 9.62 | 22.5 | 29.5 |
3M6S | 8.96 | 31.14 | 24.08 | 7.07 | 22.7 | 27.4 | 1.26 | 9.33 | 19.28 | 21.56 | 33.05 | 27.47 | 5.58 | 16.9 | 22.5 | |
均值Mean | 9.24 | 37.27 | 29.97 | 7.30 | 19.6 | 29.1 | 1.12 | 9.35 | 21.00 | 26.64 | 37.58 | 29.61 | 7.96 | 21.2 | 27.7 | |
CKS | CKS | 8.37 | 35.02 | 27.94 | 7.08 | 20.2 | 29.8 | 1.01 | 8.95 | 20.38 | 28.62 | 34.41 | 28.87 | 5.54 | 16.1 | 18.3 |
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