中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 1260-1271.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.013
收稿日期:
2018-09-10
接受日期:
2018-10-29
出版日期:
2019-04-01
发布日期:
2019-04-04
通讯作者:
姜存仓
作者简介:
张梦阳,Tel:027-87287141;E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG MengYang1,XIA Hao1,LÜ Bo1,CONG Ming1,SONG WenQun2,JIANG CunCang1()
Received:
2018-09-10
Accepted:
2018-10-29
Online:
2019-04-01
Published:
2019-04-04
Contact:
CunCang JIANG
摘要:
【目的】氨氧化作用是硝化作用的第一步,也是硝化作用的限速步骤,是全球氮循环的关键环节。本试验旨在研究在我国不同类型土壤中添加花生壳生物炭对细菌和氨氧化作用的影响,为生物炭的推广使用提供理论依据。【方法】试验以黄棕壤、潮土、黑土为供试土壤,通过短期培养试验,利用16SrRNA测序研究生物炭对不同类型土壤氨氧化微生物、细菌群落结构以及相关酶基因表达量的影响。每种土壤设置4个处理:CK(不施用化肥和生物炭),F(单施化肥),C(单施2%花生壳生物炭),FC(施用化肥+2%花生壳生物炭)。【结果】施用生物炭后(C、FC)酸性土壤pH显著提高了0.5—1.0个单位,但碱性土壤pH显著降低了0.5—0.6个单位;单施生物炭(C)造成黄棕壤的微生物丰富度和多样性显著提高,潮土在单施生物炭(C)时仅显著提高了土壤的微生物多样性指数,在黑土中施用生物炭和化肥都未显著改变土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性;在3种土壤中氨氧化细菌的丰度皆高于氨氧化古菌,测得的氨氧化细菌的OTU丰度约为氨氧化古菌的8.1倍;生物炭和化肥并未显著改变奇古菌门中的OTU丰度,却对β和γ变形菌中的OTU丰度产生了显著性影响;3种土壤的氨氧化细菌都以β变形菌为主,约占60%;另外,生物炭的施用(C、FC)在PC1(40.4%)上显著改变了黄棕壤的微生物群落结构,在PC1(42.3%)和PC2(21.3%)上都显著改变了潮土的微生物群落结构;施用生物炭后(C、FC),短期内潮土中氨合成相关酶基因表达量显著降低14.7%—39.9%,氨氧化古菌丰度在单一施炭(C)和化肥与生物炭同施(FC)时分别降低了70.5%和48.7%。【结论】施用生物炭后,短期内显著改变了黄棕壤和潮土的微生物群落结构,并明显抑制了潮土的氨氧化作用。
张梦阳,夏浩,吕波,丛铭,宋文群,姜存仓. 短期生物炭添加对不同类型土壤细菌和氨氧化微生物的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(7): 1260-1271.
ZHANG MengYang,XIA Hao,LÜ Bo,CONG Ming,SONG WenQun,JIANG CunCang. Short-Term Effect of Biochar Amendments on Total Bacteria and Ammonia Oxidizers Communities in Different Type Soils[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(7): 1260-1271.
表1
供试土壤的基本性质"
土壤类型 Soil type | 质地 Soil texture | pH | 碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黄棕壤Yellow-brown soil (YB) | 黏土Clay | 5.2 | 77.7 | 49.2 | 169.4 | 13.3 |
潮土Fluvo-aquic soil (FA) | 壤土Loam | 5.6 | 43.9 | 9.3 | 84.7 | 8.7 |
黑土Black soil (B) | 黏土Clay | 8.8 | 125.5 | 3.6 | 259.2 | 32.5 |
表5
土壤氨合成相关酶和氨氧化作用相关酶基因表达量"
酶 Enzyme | EC(编号)EC (number) | YB | FA | B | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | F | C | FC | CK | F | C | FC | CK | F | C | FC | ||
甲酰胺酶 Formamidase | 1.7.2.1 | 1073a | 1384a | 1014a | 1083a | 1077a | 1069a | 892a | 933a | 361b | 328b | 329b | 477a |
腈水解酶 Nitrilase | 3.5.1.49 | 4513ab | 5000a | 4044b | 4582ab | 5402a | 6062a | 5352a | 5025a | 5849a | 5448a | 5232a | 6008a |
氰酸裂合酶 Cyanate lyase | 3.5.5.1 | 7036ab | 7303ab | 5903b | 7985a | 9535a | 8958a | 9566a | 9398a | 9240ab | 8538bc | 8168c | 9710a |
氨基甲酸酯激酶 Carbamate kinase | 4.2.1.104 | 4006ab | 3632b | 3521b | 4448a | 4539a | 4761a | 4592a | 4837a | 4657a | 4547a | 4384a | 4533a |
谷氨酸脱氢酶 Glutamate dehydrogenase | 2.7.2.2 | 4984ab | 5332a | 4574ab | 4200b | 5148a | 5068a | 3263b | 3092b | 9561a | 9745a | 10561a | 10095a |
谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD(P)+) Glutamate dehydrogenase ((NAD(P)+) | 1.4.1.2 | 9631ab | 10188a | 8444b | 9389ab | 10659a | 11757a | 8684b | 8277b | 17594a | 16898a | 16405a | 16705a |
谷氨酸脱氢酶(NADP+) Glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) | 1.4.1.3 | 43350a | 42063a | 41901a | 35676a | 43520a | 39070b | 36778b | 37143b | 29553a | 32706a | 35500a | 32690a |
亚硝酸还原酶 (不分解) Nitrite reductase (No-forming) | 1.4.1.4 | 13424a | 11436a | 10945a | 12922a | 12085bc | 14166a | 13367ab | 10763c | 13604a | 13240a | 14048a | 13256a |
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