中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 1579-1588.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.08.009
收稿日期:
2021-03-12
接受日期:
2021-11-11
出版日期:
2022-04-16
发布日期:
2022-05-11
联系方式:
高佳蕊,E-mail: 1203997865@qq.com。
基金资助:
GAO JiaRui(),FANG ShengZhi,ZHANG YuLing(),AN Jing,YU Na,ZOU HongTao
Received:
2021-03-12
Accepted:
2021-11-11
Published:
2022-04-16
Online:
2022-05-11
摘要:
【目的】分析东北黑土自然荒地开垦种稻后土壤矿化氮含量、氮净矿化速率和氮净矿化率,探讨土壤供氮能力及其特点,揭示土壤氮素的演变规律,为东北黑土的合理利用和培肥提供理论依据。【方法】以东北黑土自然荒地(0 a,为对照土壤,原始自然草甸植被)和不同开垦年限(12、35、62和85 a)的稻田(地形、种植制度、施肥和水分管理等大致相同)土壤为研究对象,采用长期淹水密闭-间歇淋洗培养方法,研究黑土自然荒地开垦种稻后土壤有机氮矿化的特征。【结果】在培养初期(约1个月),各年限土壤累积矿化氮量迅速增加,之后呈缓慢增加趋势;在淹水培养结束(297 d)时,土壤累积矿化氮量为212.43—388.11 mg·kg-1,各开垦年限土壤累积矿化氮量大小顺序为0、12、35、85和62 a。土壤有机氮矿化过程可用混合模型(Special 模型)很好地进行描述,并可将土壤有机氮库分为增量氮库和其他组分氮库,与对照土壤(0 a)相比,各年限稻田土壤增量氮库的氮矿化势(NF)均呈下降趋势,其中,开垦12 a与开垦35、62和85 a稻田土壤的NF 之间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但开垦12和35 a稻田土壤的NF显著高于开垦62和85 a稻田土壤(P<0.05),而矿化速率常数(kF)均呈上升趋势,但各年限田土壤的kF 之间均无显著差异(P>0.05);开垦12和35 a稻田土壤其他组分氮库的矿化速率常数(k0)无显著变化(P>0.05),但开垦62和85 a稻田土壤的k0则显著下降(P<0.05)。各年限土壤氮净矿化速率在培养4 d时为最大,之后逐渐下降,在淹水培养结束(297 d)时,土壤氮净矿化速率大小顺序与其累积矿化氮量的大小顺序相一致;各年限土壤氮净矿化率在淹水培养初期较高,之后缓慢增加,在培养结束(297 d)时,土壤氮净矿化率为78.60—101.82 mg·g-1,各开垦年限土壤氮净矿化率的大小顺序为0 a、35 a、12 a、85和62 a;土壤全氮和C/N是影响土壤矿化氮量和氮净矿化速率的重要因素(P<0.05)。土壤初始矿质氮与NF之和可用来表征当季稻田土壤供氮能力大小,与对照土壤(0 a)相比,各年限稻田土壤的供氮能力显著下降(P<0.05),开垦12和35 a稻田土壤的供氮能力显著高于开垦62和85 a的稻田土壤(P<0.05)。【结论】黑土自然荒地开垦种稻85 a间,稻田土壤的供氮能力均有所下降,种稻大于35 a时下降显著,因此在稻田土壤地力培育中应注重土壤有机质含量的提高。
高佳蕊, 方胜志, 张玉玲, 安晶, 虞娜, 邹洪涛. 东北黑土不同开垦年限稻田土壤有机氮矿化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1579-1588.
GAO JiaRui, FANG ShengZhi, ZHANG YuLing, AN Jing, YU Na, ZOU HongTao. Characteristics of Organic Nitrogen Mineralization in Paddy Soil with Different Reclamation Years in Black Soil of Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1579-1588.
表1
供试土壤基本性质"
年限 Year (a) | 地理坐标 Geographical coordinate | 有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | pH | C/N | 初始矿质氮 Initial minera nitrogen (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 127.466° E,47.031° N | 38.84±1.46b | 3.81±0.10a | 1.02±0.06a | 10.88±0.04a | 5.02±0.08c | 10.20±0.14b | 137.92±40.08a |
12 | 127.470° E,47.026° N | 44.16±2.24a | 3.67±0.14a | 0.94±0.06a | 10.17±0.67b | 5.61±0.14a | 12.03±0.25a | 98.20±4.58ab |
35 | 127.476° E,47.028° N | 39.32±2.51b | 3.32±0.44a | 0.81±0.06b | 10.57±0.33a | 5.42±0.05a | 11.92±0.97a | 125.58±10.06a |
62 | 127.479° E,47.027° N | 35.82±1.14bc | 2.74±0.29b | 1.00±0.02a | 0.56±0.36a | 5.52±0.12a | 13.15±1.02a | 60.47±30.62bc |
85 | 127.476° E,47.033° N | 32.54±1.60c | 2.52±0.17b | 0.83±0.04b | 10.70±0.37a | 5.38±0.09b | 12.95±0.15a | 42.82±1.53c |
表2
Special模型的拟合参数"
年限 Year (a) | 模型参数 Model parameter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NF (mg·kg-1) | kF (d-1) | k0 (mg·kg-1·d-1) | R2 | Se | |
0 | 254.50±12.84a | 0.042±0.005b | 0.460±0.063a | 0.993** | 1.729 |
12 | 208.79±8.73bc | 0.104±0.014a | 0.478±0.055a | 0.982** | 0.902 |
35 | 217.34±8.98ab | 0.115±0.016a | 0.414±0.058a | 0.979** | 0.791 |
62 | 146.78±3.37d | 0.119±0.010a | 0.231±0.022b | 0.993** | 0.219 |
85 | 174.17±3.99cd | 0.116±0.009a | 0.208±0.026b | 0.992** | 0.106 |
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