陆地棉萌发至幼苗期抗冷性的鉴定

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】低温胁迫是影响棉花正常生长的重要因子之一，通过对棉花种质进行合理的抗冷性鉴定，可以为棉花的抗冷机制研究提供重要的先决条件，进而为棉花抗冷品种的选育提供一定的理论参考。【方法】利用4个抗冷性不同的陆地棉品种（系），设置0、4、10和15℃不同温度处理7 d，然后在正常条件（28℃，光照/黑暗，14 h/10 h）恢复生长7 d，筛选适合棉花萌发期进行抗冷性鉴定的低温条件；然后对4个品种（系）进行0℃低温处理1、2、3、4、5、6和7 d，恢复正常生长7 d，筛选萌发期抗冷性鉴定0℃低温处理的天数。对于芽期的抗冷性鉴定，选用抗冷性差异显著的2个陆地棉材料进行4℃低温处理0、1、2、3、4、5、6和7 d，筛选适用于芽期抗冷鉴定的低温处理的天数。将47个陆地棉材料（子叶期）进行4℃处理24 h，恢复正常生长7 d后调查冷害指数，鉴定棉花子叶期的抗冷性。采用南京建成生物工程研究所研制的试剂盒测定芽期和子叶期低温胁迫后的生化指标。【结果】通过对棉花不同时期，包括萌发期、芽期和子叶期进行不同低温胁迫条件的筛选，最终初步建立了适合棉花不同时期的抗冷性鉴定标准。0℃处理4 d，恢复正常生长7 d的相对子叶平展率可以作为萌发期的抗冷鉴定指标；4℃处理5 d，恢复正常生长的7 d的子叶平展率可以作为芽期的抗冷鉴定指标；4℃处理24 h，恢复正常生长的7 d的抗冷指数可以作为子叶期的抗冷鉴定指标。抗冷材料豫2067芽的SOD酶活和POD酶活均在低温处理前期呈上调趋势，之后下降至趋于平稳，而冷敏感材料衡棉3号芽的两种酶在低温处理前期迅速下降，然后上调后趋于平稳；2个材料芽的CAT酶活性在低温处理早期均先上升后下降，在冷处理后期抗冷材料豫2067的CAT酶活一直高于冷敏感材料衡棉3号；2个材料的可溶性蛋白含量在冷处理早期比较接近，在冷处理后期抗冷材料豫2067的可溶性蛋白含量一直高于冷敏感材料衡棉3号。4℃低温处理子叶期棉苗24 h后，抗冷材料豫2067子叶的SOD酶活力、POD酶活力、CAT酶活力均下降，而冷敏感材料衡棉3号的3种酶活力均上升，抗冷材料子叶中可溶性蛋白上升，冷敏感材料中的可溶性蛋白下降。【结论】棉花不同的生育时期应有相应的抗冷性鉴定标准，不同材料和不同生育时期的耐冷性鉴定标准具有差异性。推测棉花芽期抗冷性与酶活力有关。子叶期抗冷性与3种抗氧化酶活性差异不显著，可能与叶片中可溶性蛋白含量有关。

关键词: 棉花, 生育时期, 抗冷性, 鉴定方法, 生化特性

Abstract: 【Objective】 Low-temperature is one of the main factors affecting the normal growth and development of cotton plants. Identification of chilling resistance of cotton is the prior condition for the mechanism of cold resistance, which also can provide certain theoretical references for cold resistance breeding. 【Method】 The temperature conditions for cotton cold resistance identification were screened at germination stage following 7 d recovery at normal conditions (28℃, day/night, 14 h/10 h) after 7 d treatment at different low temperatures of 0℃, 4℃, 10℃, 15℃ with 4 upland cotton varieties (lines) with different cold resistance levels. Screening of days of cold resistance identification for 0℃ low-temperature treatment at germination stage was performed by 7 d recovery after the respective treatments of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 d under 0℃ low temperature. Two upland cotton varieties (lines) with different cold resistance levels was treated for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 d under 4℃ low temperature and recovered 7 d in order to evaluate cold resistance of cotton at budding stage. Evaluation of cold resistance of cotton at cotyledon stage was carried out at 4℃for 24 h and normal growth was recovered for 7 d with 47 cotton varieties. The biochemical indexes of bud and cotyledon under low temperature were measured at budding and cotyledon stages with the reagent kit developed by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. 【Result】 The study established the standards of identification of cold-resistance by screening the stress conditions at different growth periods, including germination stage, budding stage and cotyledon stage. The relative cotyledons unfolding rate under normal condition growth for 7 d after 0℃ treatment for 4 d can be served as a cold resistance identification index of germination stage. The relative cotyledons unfolding rate under normal condition growth for 7 d after 4℃ treatment for 5 d can be used as chilling resistance identification index of the budding stage. Chilling resistance index under normal condition growth for 7 d after 4℃ treatment for 24 h can be used for evaluating the chilling resistance of cotton at cotyledon stage. The activities of SOD and POD in the bud of cold-resistant variety Yu2067 were increased at the early stage of low-temperature treatment and then decreased to a steady, while the activities of two enzymes in the bud of chilling-sensitive cotton line Hengmian No.3 decreased at first and then increased to steady. The activity of CAT in the bud of two varieties all showed a uptrend at first and then downtrend, but the activity of CAT in Yu2067 was always higher than that in Hengmian No.3 at later stage of low-temperature treatment. Besides, the soluble protein contents in the bud of two varieties were similar at first, but the content in Yu2067 started to be higher than that in Hengmian No.3 at later stage of low-temperature treatment. After the treatment of 4℃ for 24 h at cotyledon stage, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were all showed a down-trend in Yu2067 while they all went up in Hengmian3. But the soluble protein content in Yu2067 went up while declined in Hengmian No.3. 【Conclusion】 Specific identification ways are needed at different growth stages correspondingly. The standards of identification of cold-resistance levels at different stages are different. Different materials have different cold resistance at different growth stages. Based on the variation trends of enzyme activity of three enzymes, it was speculated that the cold-resistance of cotton at budding stage had relation with antioxidant enzymes activity, while the cold-resistance of cotton at cotyledon stage had little relation with three antioxidant enzyme activities, but may be closely with the soluble protein content.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., growth stages, cold resistance, identification ways, biochemical characteristics

王俊娟，王德龙，阴祖军，王帅，樊伟丽，陆许可，穆敏，郭丽雪，叶武威，喻树迅. 陆地棉萌发至幼苗期抗冷性的鉴定[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17): 3332-3346.

WANG Jun-juan, WANG De-long, YIN Zu-jun, WANG Shuai, FAN Wei-li, LU Xu-ke, MU Min, GUO Li-xue, YE Wu-wei, YU Shu-xun. Identification of the Chilling Resistance from Germination Stage to Seedling Stage in Upland Cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17): 3332-3346.

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