谷子苗期氮高效品种筛选及相关特性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价不同基因型谷子苗期氮素吸收利用差异性，筛选谷子氮高效利用基因型材料，为谷子氮高效利用品种选育和机理研究提供理论依据。【方法】采用沙培盆栽试验，以具有代表性生态类型的79个谷子品种为材料，分析其在低氮（0.2 mmol·L^-1）和高氮（6 mmol·L^-1）处理下茎叶干物重、含氮量、氮素吸收量、氮素吸收与利用效率的差异及相关性，并划分不同生态类型品种的氮效率类型。【结果】供试谷子品种在2个氮素水平条件下的茎叶干物重（CV_N0.2 35.39%和CV_N6 50.83%）、氮素含量（CV_N0.2 11.52%和CV_N6 11.22%）、氮素吸收量（CV_N0.2 32.82%和CV_N6 48.46%）、氮素吸收效率（CV_N0.2 32.82%和CV_N6 48.45%）、氮素利用效率（CV_N0.2 11.53%和CV_N6 11.27%）和氮效率（CV_N0.2 35.35%和CV_N6 50.61%）均存在较大差异。不同生态类型谷子品种的氮素吸收和利用效率差异显著，西北春谷类型氮素吸收效率的变化（CV_N0.2 39.99%和CV_N6 54.38%）显著高于华北夏谷类型（CV_N0.229.31%和CV_N6 45.68%）和东北春谷类型（CV_N0.2 29.49%和CV_N6 40.30%），而氮素利用效率以华北夏谷类型品种间差异最大（CV_N0.212.03%和CV_N6 12.70%）。茎叶干物重与氮素吸收和氮素利用效率呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），相关系数分别为R²_N0.2=0.1827^**和R²_N6=0.1027^**及R²_N0.2=0.8985^**和R²_N6=0.9442^**；氮效率与氮素吸收量极显著正相关，与氮含量极显著负相关，相关系数分别为R²_N0.2=0.8985^**和R²_N6=0.9442^**及R²_N0.2=0.1962^**和R²_N6=0.0998^**；氮素利用效率与氮含量极显著负相关，相关系数分别为R²_N0.2=0.9924^**和R=²_N60.9910^**。氮素吸收效率与氮素含量和氮素利用效率间无显著相关性。以两氮素水平条件下茎叶干物重和氮效率的平均值为标准，将3种生态类型的谷子品种划分为4种氮效率类型，双高效型、双低效型、高氮高效型和低氮高效型。其中，东北春谷双高效型和高氮高效型品种所占比重最高（P_东北52.9%＞P_西北36.0%＞P_华北29.7%和P_东北23.5%＞P_华北18.9%＞ P_西北4.0%），双低效型比重最低（P_东北17.6%＜P_华北32.4%＜P_西北36.0%），而低氮高效型在西北春谷类型中所占比重最高（P_西北24.0%＞P_华北18.9%＞P_东北5.9%）。【结论】不同谷子品种苗期氮效率差异显著，且西北春谷类型品种间氮素吸收效率差异最大，华北夏谷类型品种间氮素利用效率差异最大；氮素吸收效率和利用效率之间无显著相关性，应作为2个独立的氮效率指标进行评价和改良。

关键词: 谷子, 氮素吸收效率, 氮素利用效率, 生态类型

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to probe genetic variation of nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NutE) of foxtail millet cultivars at seedling stage and screen N efficient cultivars, which could provide a theoretical basis for the development of new N efficient varieties and N efficient mechanism study. 【Method】In this study, a sand culture pot experiment was conducted with 79 foxtail millet cultivars from three typically ecological types, shoot biomass, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen content, NutE and NupE were assessed under low nitrogen (0.2 mmol·L^-1) and high nitrogen (6 mmol·L^-1) supply, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) types were also classified. 【Result】Large genetic variation was observed in shoot biomass, shoot N concentration, shoot N content, NupE, NutE and NUE at seedling stage. Among the three ecological types, northwest spring foxtail millet cultivars had the highest genetic variation of NupE, followed by north summer and northeast spring foxtail millet cultivars, while the genotypic variation of NutE in north summer type was more than that in northwest and northeast spring foxtail millet cultivars. Shoot biomass was significantly and positively correlated with NupE and NutE (P＜0.01), and correlation coefficients were R²_N0.2=0.1827^** and R²_N6=0.1027^**, R²_N0.2=0.8985^**and R²_N6=0.9442^**, respectively. NUE was significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen content and negatively correlated with nitrogen concentration, and correlation coefficients were R²_N0.2=0.8985^**and R²_N6=0.9442^**, R²_N0.2=0.1962^** and R²_N6=0.0998^**, respectively. NupE was negatively correlated with nitrogen concentration, and the correlation coefficients were R²_N0.2=0.9924^** and R²_N6=0.9910^**. There was no significant correlation between NupE and nitrogen concentration, and between NupE and NutE. According to means of shoot biomass and NUE of 79 foxtail millet cultivars, foxtail millet cultivars from three ecological regions were classified into four types, respectively, both higher than the average under low nitrogen and high nitrogen level (HLHH), both lower than the average under low nitrogen and high nitrogen level (LLLH), higher than the average under low nitrogen and lower than the average under high nitrogen level (HLLH), and lower than the average under low nitrogen and higher than the average under high nitrogen level (LLHH). HLHH and LLHH types were dominant cultivar types in northeast spring foxtail millet, and the percentage of LLLH types was the lowest in northeast spring foxtail millet (P_NW17.6%＜P_NS32.4%＜P_NE36.0%). However, HLLH types were the main cultivar types in northwest spring foxtail millet (P_NW24.0%＞P_NS18.9%＞P_NE5.9%). 【Conclusion】There was a significant NUE genetic variation of seedlings in different foxtail millet cultivars. Genetic variation of NupE was the highest in northwest spring foxtail millet cultivars, and north summer foxtail millet cultivars had the highest genetic variation of NutE. There was no significant correlation between NupE and NutE, indicating that the evaluation and improvement of N uptake and utilization should be undertaken independently.

Key words: foxtail millet, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NutE), ecological types

陈二影，杨延兵，秦岭，张华文，刘宾，王海莲，陈桂玲，于淑婷，管延安. 谷子苗期氮高效品种筛选及相关特性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17): 3287-3297.

CHEN Er-ying, YANG Yan-bing, QIN Ling, ZHANG Hua-wen, LIU Bin, WANG Hai-lian, CHEN Gui-ling, YU Shu-ting, GUAN Yan-an. Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficient Cultivars of Foxtail Millet and Analysis of the Related Characters at Seedling Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17): 3287-3297.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2016/V49/I17/3287

参考文献

[1] Cassman K G, Dobermann A, Wallers D T, Yang H S. Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality. Annual Review of Environment and Resource, 2003, 28: 315-358.

[2] Peng S, Buresh R J, Huang J, Zhong X, Zou Y, Yang J, Wang G, Liu Y, Tang Q, Cui K, Zhang F, Dobermann A. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2010, 30: 649-656.

[3] Cheng X J, Roland J, Buresh R J, Wang Z Q, Zhang H, Liu L J, Yang J C, Zhang J H. Root and shoot traits for rice varieties with higher grain yield and higher nitrogen use efficiency at lower nitrogen rates application. Field Crops Research, 2015, 175: 47-55.

[4] Peng S, Buresh R J, Huang J, Yang, J, Zou Y, Zhong X, Wang G, Zhang F. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China. Field Crops Research, 2006, 96: 37-47.

[5] Peng S, Tang Q, Zou Y. Current status and challenges of rice production in China. Plant Production Science, 2009, 12: 3-8.

[6] Chen X P, Cui Z L, Fan M S, Vjitousek P, Zhao M, Ma W Q, Wang Z L, Zhang W J, Yan X Y, Yang J C, Deng X, Gao Q, Zhang Q, Guo S, Ren J, Li S, Ye Y, Wang Z, Huang J, Tang Q, Sun Y, Peng X, Zhang J, He M, Zhu Y, Xue J, Wang G, Wu L, An N, Wu L, Ma L, Zhang W, Zhang F S. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs. Nature, 2014, 514: 486-491.

[7] Ladha J K, Kirk G J D, Bennett J, Peng S, Reddy C K, Reddy P M, Singh U. Opportunities for increased nitrogen-use efficiency from improved lowland rice germplasm. Field Crops Research, 1998, 56: 41-71.

[8] Kant S, Bi Y M, Rothstein S J. Understanding plant response to nitrogen limitation for the improvement of crop nitrogen use efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011, 62: 1490-1509.

[9] Haegele J W, Cook K A, Nichols D M, Below F E. Changes in nitrogen use traits associated with genetic improvement for grain yield of maize hybrids released in different decades. Crop Science, 2013, 53: 1256-1268.

[10] 董桂春, 王熠, 于小凤, 周娟, 彭斌, 李进前, 天昊, 张燕, 袁秋梅, 王余龙. 不同生育期水稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(22): 4570-4582.

Dong G C, Wang Y, Yu X F, Zhou J, Peng B, Li Q J, Tian H, Zhang Y, Yuan Q M, Wang Y L. Differences of nitrogen uptake and utilization of conventional rice varieties with different growth duration. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011, 44(22): 4570-4582. (in Chinese)

[11] Gaju O, Allard V, Martre P, Snape J W, Heumez E, Legouis J, Moreau D, Bogard M, Griffiths S, Orford S, Hubbart S, Foulkes M J. Identification of traits to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Field Crops Research, 2011, 123: 139-152.

[12] 张锡州, 阳显斌, 李廷轩, 余海英. 小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(2): 369-375.

Zhang X Z, Yang X B, Li T X, Yu H Y. Genotype difference in nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(2): 369-375. (in Chinese)

[13] 杨睿, 伍晓明, 安蓉, 李亚军, 张玉莹, 陈碧云, 高亚军. 不同基因型油菜氮素利用效率的差异及其与农艺性状和氮营养性状的关系. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(3): 586-596.

Yang R, Wu X M , An R, Li Y J, Zhang Y Y, Chen B Y, Gao Y J. Differences of nitrogen use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes and their relations to agronomic and nitrogen characteristics. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(3): 586-596. (in Chinese)

[14] 王小纯, 王晓航, 熊淑萍, 马新明, 丁世杰, 吴克远, 郭建彪. 不同供氮水平下小麦品种的氮效率差异及其氮代谢特征. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(13): 2569-2579.

Wang X C, Wang X H, XiONG S P, Ma X M, Ding S J, Wu K Y, Guo J B. Differences in Nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen metabolism of wheat varieties under different nitrogen levels. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015, 48(13): 2569-2579. (in Chinese)

[15] 冯洋, 陈海飞, 胡孝明, 周卫, 徐芳森, 蔡红梅. 我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(5): 1051-1062.

Feng Y, Chen H F, Hu X M, Zhou W, Xu F S, Cai H M. Nitrogen efficiency screening of rice cultivars popularized in south china. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(5): 1051-1062. (in Chinese)

[16] 陈明霞, 黄见良, 崔克辉, 聂立孝, 彭少兵. 不同氮效率基因型水稻植株氨挥发速率及其与氮效率的关系. 作物学报, 2010, 36(5): 879-884.

Chen M X, Huang J L, Cui K H, Nie L X, Peng S B. Genotypic variation in ammonia volatilization rate of rice shoots and its relationship with nitrogen use efficiency. Acta Agronomic Sinica, 2010, 36(5): 879-884. (in Chinese)

[17] 胡标林, 李霞, 万勇, 邱在辉, 聂元元, 谢建坤. 东乡野生稻BILs群体耐低氮性表型性状指标筛选及其综合评价. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(8): 2346-2352.

Hu B L, Li X, Wan Y, Qiu Z H, Nie Y Y, Xie J K. Index screening and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of low nitrogen tolerance using BILs population derived from dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(8): 2346-2352. (in Chinese)

[18] 裴雪霞, 王姣爱, 党建友, 张定一. 耐低氮小麦基因型筛选指标的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(1): 93-98.

Pei X X, Wang J A, Dang J Y, Zhang D Y. An approach to the screening index for low nitrogen tolerant wheat genotype. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2007, 13(1): 93-98. (in Chinese)

[19] 杜保见, 郜红建, 常江, 章力干. 小麦苗期氮素吸收利用效率差异及聚类分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6): 1349-1357.

Du B J, Gao H J, Chang J, Zhang L G. Screening and cluster analysis of nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat cultivars at the seedling stage. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(6): 1349-1357. (in Chinese)

[20] 崔文芳, 高聚林, 于晓芳, 胡树平, 苏治军, 王志刚, 孙继颖, 谢岷. 氮高效玉米自交系的筛选指标及其子粒氮素营养特性分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2): 290-297.

Cui W F, Gao J L, Yu X F, Hu S P, Su Z J, Wang Z G, Sun J Y, Xie M. The index for the screening of N-efficient inbred lines of maize and their N nutrition peculiarity in seed production. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2): 290-297. (in Chinese)

[21] 赵春波, 宋述尧, 赵靖, 张雪梅, 张越, 张松婷. 北方地区不同黄瓜品种氮素吸收与利用效率的差异. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(8): 1569-1578.

Zhao C B, Song S Y, Zhao J, Zhang X M, Zhang Y, Zhang S T. Variation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of different cucumber varieties in northern china. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(8):1569-1578. (in Chinese)

[22] 黄永兰, 黎毛毛, 芦明, 万建林, 龙起樟, 王会民, 唐秀英, 范志洁. 氮高效水稻种质资源筛选及相关特性分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2015, 16(1): 87-93.

Huang Y L, Li M M, Lu M, Wan J L, Long Q Z, Wang H M, Tang X Y, Fan Z J. Selection of rice germplasm with high nitrogen utilization efficiency and its analysis of the related characters. Journal of Plant Genetic resources, 2015, 16(1): 87-93. (in Chinese)

[23] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2003: 25-268.

Bao S D. Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. 3rd ed. Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Press, 2003: 25-268. (in Chinese)

[24] Moll R H, Kamprath E J, Jackson W A. Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal, 1982, 74: 562-564.

[25] Allen G G, Ashok K S, Douglas G M. Can less yield more? Is reducing nutrient input into the environment compatible with maintaining crop production? Trends in Plant Science, 2004, 9: 597-605.

[26] Sve?njak Z, Rengel Z. Canola cultivars differ in nitrogen utilization efficiency at vegetative stage. Field Crops Research, 2006, 97(2): 221-226.

[27] Robinson N, Fletcher A, Whan A, Critchley C, Vonwirén N, Lakshmanan P, Schmindt S. Sugarcane genotypes differ in internal nitrogen use efficiency. Functional Plant Biology, 2007, 34: 1122-1129.

[28] 张亚丽, 樊剑波, 段英华, 王东升, 叶利庭, 沈其荣. 不同基因型水稻氮利用效率的差异及评价. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(2): 265-273.

Zhang Y L, Fan J B, Duan Y H, Wang D S, Ye L T, Shen Q R. Variation of nitrogen use efficiency of rice different in genotype and its evaluation. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(2): 265-273. (in Chinese)

[29] Fillery I R, McInnes K J. Components of the fertiliser nitrogen balance for wheat production on duplex soils. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1992, 32: 887-899.

[30] Liao M T, Fillery I R P, Palta J A. Early vigorous growth is a major factor influencing nitrogen uptake in wheat. Functional Plant Biology, 2004, 31: 121-129.

[31] Anderson G C, Fillery I R P, Dunin F X, Dolling P J, Asseng S. Nitrogen and water flows under pasture-wheat and lupin-wheat rotations in deep sands in Western Australia-2. Drainage and nitrate leaching. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1998, 49: 345-361.

[32] Pang J Y, Palta J A, Rebetzke G J, Milroy S P. Wheat genotypes with high early vigour accumulate more nitrogen and have higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during early growth. Functional Plant Biology, 2014, 41: 215-222.

[33] 阮新民, 施伏芝, 罗志祥, 佘德红. 水稻苗期氮高效品种评价与筛选的初步研究. 中国稻米, 2010, 16(2): 22-25.

Ruan X M, Shi F Z, Luo Z X, She D H. Studies on screening and evaluating nitrogen efficiency varieties rice at seedling stage. China Rice, 2010, 16(2): 22-25. (in Chinese)

[34] Liao M T, Palta J A, Fillery I R P. Root characteristics of vigorous wheat improve early nitrogen uptake. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2006, 57: 1097-1107.

[35] Muurinen S, Slafer G A, Peltonen-Sainio P. Breeding effects on nitrogen use efficiency of spring cereals under northern conditions. Crop Science, 2006, 46: 561-568.

[36] Sylvester-Bradley R, Kindred D R. Analysing nitrogen responses of cereals to prioritize routes to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60: 1939-1951.

[37] Bingham I J, Karley A J, White P J, Thomas W T B, Russell J R. Analysis of improvements in nitrogen use efficiency associated with 75 years of spring barley breeding. European Journal of agronomy, 2012, 42: 49-58.