中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 1348-1358.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.07.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东省不同生态条件气候因素对谷子产量的影响

杨延兵1,秦岭1,王润丰1,陈二影1,尹秀波2,刘玉芹3,张素梅3,丛新军4,李国瑜4,王乐政5,管延安1   

  1. 1.山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省特色作物工程实验室,济南 250100
    2.山东省农业技术推广总站,济南 250100
    3.临沂市农业科学院,山东临沂 276000
    4.泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安 271000
    5.德州市农业科学院,山东德州 253000
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-19 接受日期:2019-12-23 出版日期:2020-04-01 发布日期:2020-04-14
  • 作者简介:杨延兵,E-mail:ybyang_666@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队专项资金(SDAIT-15-03);山东种业集团股份有限公司创新项目(ZYCX2016016);山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2018D02);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-06)

Effects of Climatic Factors Under Diverse Ecological Conditions on Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Yield in Shandong

YanBing YANG1,Ling QIN1,RunFeng WANG1,ErYing CHEN1,XiuBo YIN2,YuQin LIU3,SuMei ZHANG3,XinJun CONG4,GuoYu LI4,LeZheng WANG5,YanAn GUAN1   

  1. 1.Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Featured Crop, Jinan 250100
    2. Shandong General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Jinan 250100
    3.Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi 276000, Shandong
    4.Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong
    5.Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, Shandong
  • Received:2019-06-19 Accepted:2019-12-23 Online:2020-04-01 Published:2020-04-14

摘要: 【目的】谷子籽粒产量是谷子生产最重要指标之一。气候因素的变化对农业生产影响巨大,研究山东地区不同生态条件下气候因素的变化对谷子产量的影响,解析不同生态条件下育成谷子品种籽粒产量的变化规律,为优质特色谷子品种选育及生产利用提供科学依据。【方法】 利用华北夏谷区选育的8个优质、特色谷子新品种,2016—2017年种植在山东省不同生态条件下的5个试点,成熟收获后测定谷子籽粒产量,进行多因素方差分析,利用Duncan方法检测籽粒产量差异显著性;利用Pearson方法对谷子产量和谷子生育期间气温、降水量、日照时数等因素进行相关性分析。【结果】 不同年份、地点×年份、地点×品种对谷子籽粒产量影响极显著(P<0.01),品种、品种×年份、地点×品种×年份对籽粒产量影响显著(P<0.05)。地点、地点×年份、地点×品种、品种对谷子产量变异贡献率较大,分别为50.05%、19.76%、12.32%和8.67%;年份、品种×年份变异贡献率相对较小,分别为2.70%和1.69%。2017年谷子产量总体比2016年提高4.55%,但是试点之间表现不一致;济南市、临沂市、济宁市2017年产量比2016年分别提高21.64%、18.47%和3.96%,而德州市、泰安市试点2017年产量水平分别比2016年低8.66%和9.78%,同一试点不同年份之间产量差异显著的原因主要由气候因素引起,特别是降水量和降水时间的分布。2年5个试点8个谷子品种平均产量为5 657.2 kg·hm-2,变幅为5 267.8—5 926.0 kg·hm-2,豫谷18产量最低,济谷20产量最高。济谷20、济谷22、济绿谷1号、济糯谷2号和中谷2号产量差异不显著,但显著高于济谷19和豫谷18。相关性分析表明,谷子籽粒产量与各时段平均气温正相关(P>0.05);与生育期总平均气温显著正相关(P<0.05),与各时段最高温度正相关(P>0.05);与6月中旬、6月下旬苗期降雨量负相关(P>0.05),与7月下旬至8月中旬孕穗至开花期的降雨量负相关(P>0.05);与9月中下旬灌浆中后期光照时间正相关(P>0.05)。【结论】 山东地区不同年份、地点、品种、地点×年份、地点×品种等因素对谷子产量影响有较大影响;不同年份、不同地点的气温和降水是影响谷子产量的重要原因,谷子全生育期平均气温升高提高了谷子籽粒产量;苗期、抽穗开花期降雨多对谷子产量有不利影响。不同年份、不同地点品种产量存在较大差异,济谷20、济谷22、济绿谷1号、济糯谷2号、中谷2号等品种在山东地区不同生态条件下有较好的丰产性和稳定性。

关键词: 谷子, 产量, 生态条件, 气温, 降水量, 光照时间

Abstract: 【Objective】Grain yield is one of the most important indicators in evaluating foxtail millet productivity and is greatly affected by the fluctuation of climatic factors. The researches on the effects of climatic factors on grain yield and the varietal response of grain yield to different ecological conditions in Shandong can provide scientific basis for selecting, breeding and planting high-quality foxtail millet. 【Method】 Eight newly released foxtail millet cultivars selected from the summer-sown region of North China were planted at five locations in two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Grain yields of these cultivars were measured. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of differences in grain yields by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. And correlation analysis between grain yield and air temperature, rainfall, and sunshine duration were conducted by Pearson’s method. 【Result】 ANOVA showed that growing years, growing locations × growing years, and growing locations × cultivar genotypes had highly significant effects on the variations in grain yields (P<0.01). Similarly, cultivar genotypes, cultivar genotypes × growing years, and growing years × cultivar genotypes × growing years showed significant influence on grain yields (P<0.05). Growing locations, growing locations × growing years, growing locations × cultivar genotypes and cultivar genotypes had high contribution rates (50.05%, 19.76%, 12.32%, and 8.67%, respectively), whereas growing years, cultivar genotypes × growing years had low contribution rates (2.70% and 1.69%, respectively) to the variations in grain yields. In 2017, the average yield per unit area of eight foxtail millet cultivars was 4.55% higher than that in 2016, however, that was not consistent between growing locations. The annual outputs from Jinan, Linyi and Jining in 2017 were increased by 21.64%, 18.47% and 3.96%, respectively, while from Dezhou and Taian the annual outputs were decreased by 8.66% and 9.78%, respectively, compared with those in 2016. The average yields of eight cultivars from five locations across two years were 5 657.2 kg·hm-2 ranging from 5 267.8 kg·hm-2 to 5 926.0 kg·hm-2. The yield of Yugu18 had the lowest yield while Jigu20 had the highest yield. No significant difference in grain yields was observed between cultivars Jigu20, Jigu22, Jilügu1, Jinuogu2 and Zhonggu2, however, grain yields of these cultivars were significantly higher than Jigu19 and Yugu18. Correlation analysis showed that the grain yield was positively but not significantly correlated with the average temperature and maximum temperature at each time period (P>0.05). However, it was significantly positively correlated with the total average temperature of the whole growth period (P<0.05). On the other hand, grain yield was negatively correlated with the rainfall at seedling stage (middle and late June) (P>0.05), and the rainfall during the periods from pregnancy heading to flowering (from late July to middle August) (P>0.05). Furthermore, grain yield was positively correlated with sunshine duration in middle and late September (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Growing years, growing locations, cultivar genotypes, growing locations × growing years and growing locations × cultivar genotypes had significant effects on the yields of foxtail millet in Shandong. The fluctuation of ecological factors across different years and different locations, especially the air temperature and rainfall were the important factors affecting the yields. Higher average air temperature during the whole growth period was beneficial to increasing grain yield. Excessive rainfall at seedling and heading stages had negative effects on grain yields. The yield of testing cultivars was significantly different between years and between experimental sites. The cultivars, Jigu20, Jigu22, Jilügu1, Jinuogu2 and Zhonggu2 had good fertility and stability across ecological conditions.

Key words: foxtail millet, yield, ecological conditions, air temperature, rainfall, sunshine