谷子杂交种与亲本性状的遗传相关性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨谷子杂交种与亲本性状间的遗传相关性,为筛选亲本材料、组配优异杂交种提供理论依据。【方法】用6个谷子高度雄性不育系和10个抗拿捕净除草剂恢复系组配60个组合,2017年种植60个杂交组合及其亲本,通过农艺性状和产量的初步鉴定和统计分析,从中筛选出用4个母本（谷3A、晋29A、51A和910A）、7个父本（K34、M22、K650、K154、K410、K391和K47）组配的7个优势组合。2018年种植7个优势组合及其亲本,测定其10个农艺和产量性状（分蘖数、株高、穗茎长、穗长、穗粗、穗重、粒重、千粒重、出苗至抽穗的天数和小区产量）,对杂交种与亲本在相同性状上进行遗传相关分析,并对父母本各性状与杂交种产量性状（穗重、穗粒重）进行遗传相关分析。【结果】杂交种在穗茎长、抽穗期上有超亲优势,在穗长上超亲优势明显;杂交种与亲本的相关分析表明,杂交种与母本在株高、抽穗期、穗长等性状上存在显著的正相关关系,据2018年分析遗传相关系数分别为0.8841、0.9117和0.8263,前两项达极显著水平;杂交种与父本在分蘖数、株高、穗茎长、穗粗、千粒重等性状上存在显著的正相关关系,据2018年分析遗传相关系数分别为0.8267、0.9618、0.8234、0.7770和0.8404,其中在株高上达极显著水平;母本的分蘖数、株高、抽穗期与杂交种的单株穗重、穗粒重存在显著的正相关关系,其中与单株穗重的相关系数分别为0.3327、0.5439和0.4436,与单株穗粒重的相关系数分别为0.4238、0.4642和0.3487,母本的穗长与杂交种的单株穗粒重存在显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.3698;父本的分蘖数、株高、抽穗期和穗粗与杂交种的单株穗重、穗粒重存在显著的正相关关系,其中与单株穗重的相关系数分别为0.4986、0.4598、0.3367和0.5348,与单株穗粒重的相关系数分别为0.5568、0.4253、0.3659和0.4236,父本分蘖数与杂交种单株穗重、穗粒重的相关性达极显著水平。【结论】父母本与杂交种在分蘖数、株高、穗茎长、穗粗、千粒重等性状上均存在一定的正相关关系,可以通过对亲本这些性状的选择来间接选择杂交组合的优良农艺性状和产量性状,从而选育出优异高产杂交种。

关键词: 谷子, 亲本, 杂交种, 遗传相关性

Abstract:

【Objective】 Genetic correlation of millet traits between hybrids and parents was studied in order to select parental materials on purpose and provide theoretical basis for optimizing the grouping of hybrid. 【Method】 Six highly-male-sterile lines were hybridized with ten sethoxydim resistant restorer lines, and sixty hybrids were obtained. These hybrids were planted with their parents in 2017. By evaluating their agronomic traits through statistical analysis, 7 advantageous combinations with their 4 female parents (Gu 3A, Jin 29A, 51A and 910A) and 7 male parents (K34, M22, K650, K154, K410, K391 and K47) were screened to plant in 2018. 10 agronomic and yield traits of them were surveyed. They were tiller number, plant height, panicle stem length, panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle weight, panicle grain weight, thousand seed weight, days to heading and plot yield. Genetic correlation had been analyzed between millet parents and hybrids in the same traits. And genetic correlation between parents traits and hybrids yield traits (panicle weight and panicle grain weight) had also been analyzed.【Result】The hybrids had some heterobeltiosis in two traits of panicle stem length and heading period, and had distinctly heterobeltiosis in trait of panicle length. Correlation analysis of hybrids and parents in two years indicated the following results. There were significant positive correlations in terms of plant height, heading period and panicle length between hybrids and their females. According to the analysis in 2018, the genetic correlation coefficients were 0.8841, 0.9117 and 0.8263, respectively. The first two items reached extremely significant level. There were significantly positive correlations between hybrids and their males in tiller number, plant height, panicle stem length, panicle diameter and thousand seed weight. According to the analysis in 2018, the genetic correlation coefficients were 0.8267, 0.9618, 0.8234, 0.7770 and 0.8404. Among them, the correlation of plant height was extremely significant. Tiller number, plant height, heading period of females were positively correlated with panicle weight and panicle grain weight of hybrids. The correlation coefficients of panicle weight were 0.3327, 0.5439 and 0.4436, respectively. The correlation coefficients of panicle grain weight were 0.4238, 0.4642 and 0.3487, respectively. Panicle length of females were positively correlated with panicle grain weight of hybrids with the correlation coefficient of 0.3698. Tiller number, plant height, heading period and panicle diameter of males were positively correlated with panicle weight and panicle grain weight of hybrids. The correlation coefficients of panicle weight were 0.4986, 0.4598, 0.3367 and 0.5348, respectively. The correlation coefficients of panicle grain weight were 0.5568, 0.4253, 0.3659 and 0.4236, respectively. The correlations between tiller number of males and panicle weight and panicle grain weight of hybrid reached extremely significant levels. 【Conclusion】There were positive correlations between parents and hybrids in tiller number, plant height, panicle stem length, panicle diameter, thousand seed weight and so on. Good agronomic traits and yield traits of hybrids can be indirectly selected based on the traits of the parents. Excellent high yield hybrids can be selected by this method.

Key words: foxtail millet, parents, hybrid, genetic correlation

李会霞,田岗,王玉文,刘鑫,刘红. 谷子杂交种与亲本性状的遗传相关性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(2): 239-246.

LI HuiXia,TIAN Gang,WANG YuWen,LIU Xin,LIU Hong. Genetic Correlation Coefficients of Foxtail Millet Traits Between Parents and Hybrids[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(2): 239-246.

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项目 Item	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	分蘖数 Tiller number	株高 Plant height	穗茎长 Panicle stem length	穗长 Panicle length	穗粗 Panicle diameter	穗重 Panicle weight	穗粒重 Panicle grain weight	千粒重 Thousand seed weight
F₁与父本 F₁ and their males	rg	0.5610**	0.5516**	0.5889**	0.2051	0.3427*	0.0356	-0.1348	0.4093*
F₁与父本 F₁ and their males	r	0.5418**	0.5459**	0.5389**	0.2031	0.3328*	0.0288	-0.1139	0.3997*
F₁与母本 F₁ and their females	rg	0.3829*	0.5998**	-0.05888	0.3946*	0.246	-	-	0.7469**
F₁与母本 F₁ and their females	r	0.3546*	0.5915**	0.0515	0.3465*	0.2234	-	-	0.6988**
F₁与亲本均值 F₁ and parental average value	rg	0.6824**	0.8032**	0.3765*	0.4267*	0.4213*	-	-	0.8035**
F₁与亲本均值 F₁ and parental average value	r	0.6487**	0.7829**	0.3530*	0.4247*	0.4122*	-	-	0.7989**

名称 Name		分蘖数（个） Tiller number	抽穗天数 Days to heading(d)	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗茎长 Panicle stem length (cm)	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗粗 Panicle diameter(cm)	穗重 Panicle weight(g)	穗粒重 Panicle grain weight (g)	千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g)	小区产量 Plot yield (kg)
F₁	谷3A×K34 Gu3A×K34	1.50	65.33	141.25	26.2	30.40	3.24	39.21	27.12	2.880	12.97
	晋29A×M22 Jin29A×M22	1.20	59.33	116.33	30.1	26.16	2.88	32.56	29.91	3.291	12.22
	谷3A×K650 Gu3A×K650	2.70	66.50	139.33	24.5	28.96	3.24	81.72	42.89	2.885	11.89
	51A×K154	2.80	65.00	140.19	32.0	25.77	3.24	58.13	44.51	2.673	12.65
	51A×K410	2.90	64.00	145.40	30.0	27.75	3.21	63.67	43.54	2.972	15.43
	51A×K391	1.70	64.00	146.35	25.5	27.4	3.17	44.32	34.85	2.877	15.82
	910A×K47	2.67	71.00	139.78	28.0	27.59	3.28	44.74	26.60	2.876	12.13
母本Female parent	谷3A Gu3A	3.30	64.00	95.08	26.6	26.52	3.47			3.377
	晋29A Jin29A	3.20	57.00	71.55	17.7	22.80	3.32			3.483
	51A	2.30	62.00	111.70	24.8	21.95	3.30			3.433
	910A	2.60	65.00	92.00	19.3	23.95	3.42			3.307
父本 Male parent	K34	1.00	74.00	158.45	24.8	23.55	2.99	32.68	24.07	2.926	9.58
	M22	1.10	64.00	125.45	24.8	24.49	2.34	34.03	24.98	3.159	9.10
	K650	2.10	74.50	156.18	19.5	24.61	2.67	29.74	21.45	2.718	8.92
	K154	1.78	74.00	157.00	32.5	24.14	2.71	32.87	24.42	2.329	11.23
	K410	1.60	71.67	167.90	28.0	29.25	3.01	42.38	33.40	2.944	10.05
	K391	1.30	68.67	174.60	26.5	26.69	2.96	30.18	23.48	2.958	9.22
	K47	2.30	65.67	151.10	28.8	22.02	2.98	36.58	28.63	2.840	10.53

项目 Item	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	分蘖数 Tiller number	抽穗天数 Days to heading	株高 Plant height	穗茎长 Panicle stem length	穗长 Panicle length	穗粗 Panicle diameter	千粒重 Thousand seed weight	穗重 Panicle weight	穗粒重 Panicle grain weight	小区产量 Plot yield
F₁与父本 F₁ and their males	rg	0.8267*	0.1752	0.9618**	0.8234*	-0.0864	0.7770*	0.8404*	-0.0199	0.0629	-0.0770
F₁与母本 F₁ and their females	rg	-0.4725	0.9117**	0.8841**	0.4325	0.8263*	0.3954	0.7261	-	-	-
F₁与亲本均值 F₁ and parental average value	rg	0.2910	0.5214	0.9445**	0.9299**	0.6753	0.8253*	0.8545*	-	-	-

项目 Item	性状 Trait	分蘖数 Tiller number	抽穗天数 Days to heading	株高 Plant height	穗茎长 Panicle stem length	穗长 Panicle length	穗粗 Panicle diameter	千粒重g Thousand seed weight	穗重 Panicle weight	穗粒重 Panicle grain weight
母本与F₁（rg） Female parent and F₁	单株穗重 Panicle weight	0.3327*	0.4436**	0.5439**	0.2265	0.2576	0.2376	0.0742	-	-
母本与F₁（rg） Female parent and F₁	单株穗粒重 Panicle grain weight	0.4238*	0.3487**	0.4642**	0.2376	0.3698*	0.1659	0.1357	-	-
父本与F₁（rg） Male parent and F₁	单株穗重 Panicle weight	0.4986**	0.3367*	0.4598**	0.1689	0.3005	0.5348**	0.2168	0.0356	0.2794
父本与F₁（rg） Male parent and F₁	单株穗粒重 Panicle grain weight	0.5568**	0.3659*	0.4253*	0.2875	0.1163	0.4326*	0.2938	0.2459	0.2573