不同水分条件下广适性小麦品种中麦175的农艺和生理特性解析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.21.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨小麦广适性品种在不同水分条件下的农艺和生理特征，为广适性新品种培育提供参考依据。【方法】2011—2012年和2012—2013年，选用节水品种京冬8号、高产抗倒品种矮抗58与广适性品种中麦175，在干旱和充分供水2个水分处理下，分别在河北省高邑原种场和北京中国农业科学院作物科学研究所中圃场种植，小区间随机区组设计。测定株高、抽穗期、籽粒产量和产量三要素等农艺学性状，以及春季苗期植被覆盖度（GC）、抽穗前植被归一化指数（NDVIv）、灌浆中期植被归一化指数（NDVIg）、抽穗前叶绿素含量（SPADv）、灌浆中期叶绿素含量（SPADg）、灌浆中期叶片衰老等级评分（LSS）、抽穗前叶面积指数（LAIv）、灌浆中期叶面积指数（LAIg）、叶片衰老速率（LSR）和叶片卷曲度（LRS）等生理性状，比较研究不同类型品种间的性状差异。【结果】穗粒数、LAIg和SPADv品种间差异不显著，其他性状品种间存在显著差异。与干旱条件相比，充分灌水条件下中麦175、京冬8号和矮抗58的籽粒产量分别增加1 072.6、1 274和991.7 kg·hm^-2，穗数分别增加104、15和47个/m²，千粒重分别增加0.9、1.8和1.7 g，株高分别增加7.2、9和6.2 cm，抽穗分别推迟3、2和3 d。中麦175产量和穗数较其他品种高647.3-1 505.8 kg·hm^-2和38-68.8个/m²。中麦175的平均株高、GC、NDVIv、NDVIg、SPADg、LSR和干旱环境下LRS分别是75.8 cm、13.2%、0.64、0.55、56.5、14.10和4.0；其产量、千粒重、株高、SPADg和LAIv的水分敏感指数分别为0.86、0.64、0.94、0.61和0.57。【结论】广适性品种中麦175穗数多，苗期繁茂性好，株高中等，株型紧凑，抽穗后植被指数低，叶片衰老速度慢；干旱条件下叶片发生明显卷曲，但叶绿素含量较高，叶功能好；产量、千粒重和株高的水分敏感性低，而穗数和穗粒数的水分敏感性较高，灌浆中期的叶绿素含量和抽穗前叶面积指数对水分不敏感。以上这些特性使其在水旱条件下均表现出高产。

关键词: 普通小麦, 广适性, 中麦175, 水分利用效率, 生理特性

Abstract: 【Objective】This study aims to differentiate the agronomic and physiologic characteristics among three winter wheat cultivars under water-limited and full irrigated conditions, and to identify the traits closely associated with the adaptability of Zhongmai 175, which will provide the reference in a breeding program for improving wheat adaptability.【Method】Three cultivars were grown in the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 cropping seasons at the CAAS, Beijing Experimental Station, and at Gaoyi in Hebei province. Randomized complete blocks were used to incorporate water in two levels with two replications. Heading date, plant height, grain yield and components, ground cover after green recover stages (GC), normalized difference vegetation index before heading (NDVIv) and at mid-filling (NDVIg), SPAD before heading (SPADv) and at mid-filling（SPADg), leaf senescence score at mid-filling (LSS), leaf area index before heading (LAIv) and at mid-filling (LAIg), leaf senescence rate (LSR), and leaf rolling score (LRS) were measured. The differences of traits were analyzed among three varieties. 【Result】All traits except kernel number per spike, LAIg, and SPADv showed significant genetic variation. The values of all traits under full irrigation were increased more than those under limited irrigation. Grain yield, spike number per square meter, thousand kernel weight, plant height, and heading date of Zhongmai 175 were increased 1 072.6 kg·hm^-2, 104, 0.9 g, 7.2 cm, and 3 days, while those of Jingdong 8 were 1 274 kg·hm^-2, 15, 1.8 g, 9 cm, and 2 days, and Aikang 58 were 991.7 kg·hm-2, 47, 1.7 g, 6.2 cm, and 3 days. Grain yield and spike number per square meter of Zhongmai 175 were 647.3-1 505.8 kg·hm^-2and 38-68.8 higher than other cultivars. Plant height, GC, NDVIv, NDVIg, SPADg, LSR, and LRS of Zhongmai 175 were 75.8 cm, 13.2%, 0.64, 0.55, 56.5, 14.10, and 4.0, respectively. The water sensitive index of Zhongmai 175 was 0.86, 0.64, 0.94, 0.61, and 0.57 for yield, thousand kernel weight, plant height, SPADg, and LAIv, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Zhongmai 175 showed the highest yield and spike number per unit area, early maturity, and semi-dwarf in limited irrigation and full irrigation areas. It was characterized by higher ground cover after the green recover stages, but lower normalized difference vegetation index in the heading and mid-filling stages, higher SPADg, and higher leaf rolling score. The grain yield, thousand kernel weight, plant height, SPADg, and LAIv were insensitive to water, but the spike number and kernel number of Zhongmai 175 were sensitive.

Key words: common wheat, adaptability, Zhongmai 175, water use efficiency, physiological trait

李兴茂，倪胜利. 不同水分条件下广适性小麦品种中麦175的农艺和生理特性解析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(21): 4374-4380.

LI Xing-mao, NI Sheng-li. Agronomic and Physiological Characterization of the Wide Adaptable Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 175 Under Two Different Irrigation Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(21): 4374-4380.

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