中麦895高产稳产优质特性遗传解析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (15): 3158-3167.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

中麦895高产稳产优质特性遗传解析

张勇¹(),阎俊²,肖永贵¹,郝元峰¹,张艳¹,徐开杰²,曹双河¹,田宇兵¹,李思敏¹,闫俊良²,张赵星²,陈新民¹,王德森¹,夏先春¹,何中虎^1,³()

¹中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
²中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳 455000
³CMMYT中国办事处,北京 100081

收稿日期:2020-12-21 接受日期:2021-03-01 出版日期:2021-08-01 发布日期:2021-08-10
通讯作者: 何中虎
作者简介:张勇,E-mail： zhangyong05@caas.cn
基金资助:
中国农业科学院重大任务(CAAS-ZDRW202002);中国农业科学院创新工程

Characterization of Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 895 with High Yield Potential, Broad Adaptability, and Good Quality

ZHANG Yong¹(),YAN Jun²,XIAO YongGui¹,HAO YuanFeng¹,ZHANG Yan¹,XU KaiJie²,CAO ShuangHe¹,TIAN YuBing¹,LI SiMin¹,YAN JunLiang²,ZHANG ZhaoXing²,CHEN XinMin¹,WANG DeSen¹,XIA XianChun¹,HE ZhongHu^1,³()

¹Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
²Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan
³CIMMYT-China Office, Beijing 100081

Received:2020-12-21 Accepted:2021-03-01 Online:2021-08-01 Published:2021-08-10
Contact: ZhongHu HE

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

解析中麦895高产潜力、广泛适应性、综合抗性及其优良品质性状机理,有助于为新品种培育提供理论和方法指导。用中麦871/中麦895重组自交系和扬麦16/中麦895双单倍体2个群体的QTL定位研究和区域试验、生产试验示范资料对中麦895遗传特性及其生产中表现进行了分析。中麦895具有高产、稳产、抗病、优质4个方面优良特性：1）携带2个控制分蘖角和5个控制旗叶夹角主效QTL,株型紧凑,旗叶小且直立,为单位面积穗数（640个/m²）多提供保障;携带矮秆基因Rht2和Rht24,植株矮（75 cm）,茎秆弹性好,抗倒伏能力强。2）含4个高千粒重与灌浆速率QTL和5个抗旱基因,春化基因组成vrn-A1x、Vrn-B1a和vrn-D1w,灌浆速率快,千粒重（48 g）高且稳定,根系活力好,水肥利用效率高,叶功能期长,耐高温和耐晚播能力强。3）携带1个全生育期抗条锈病主效QTL、2个成株期抗白粉病QTL和1个抗赤霉病QTL,综合抗病性好,中感条锈和白粉病,赤霉病病穗率低。4）含低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3d等优质基因,面团筋力中等,颜色亮黄,面条和馒头品质优良;酚酸含量（748 μg·g^-1）高且稳定,营养价值高。本研究为黄淮麦区高产广适新品种培育提供了重要经验和理论支撑。

关键词: 普通小麦, 中麦895, 高产潜力, 广泛适应性, 抗病性

Abstract:

Characterization of leading cultivars will provide crucially important information for cultivar development. The objective of this research is to characterize high yield potential, broad adaptation, good disease resistance and stress tolerance, as well as good quality in wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895. The dataset of two populations of Zhongmai 871/Zhongmai 895 recombinant inbred lines and Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 doubled haploids, as well as regional yield and pilot trial related with Zhongmai 895 were used in this research. The high yield potential of Zhongmai 895 was largely due to the increased spike number which could easily reach 640/m², guaranteed by erect plant type with small leaves, and short plant height around 75 cm related to the outstanding lodging resistance, on the basis of two QTL for tiller angle, five QTL for leaf angle, and combination of semi dwarfing genes Rht2 and Rht24. It was characterized with high and stable thousand grain weight (48 g) related to the fast grain filling rate which provided excellent tolerance to high temperature during grain filling period, contributing to the perfect performance in late sowing environment, together with the contribution from high water and fertilizer use efficiency, high activity of root system, and slow leaf senescence, on the basis of four QTL for high thousand grain weight and grain filling rate, five genes for drought tolerance with vernalization gene combination of vrn-A1x, Vrn-B1a, and vrn-D1w. The performance of the broad adaptability was further contributed by the good resistance to stripe rust, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight in the production, due to the presence of one major QTL for stripe rust resistance, two QTL for slow powdery mildew, and one new QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance. Zhongmai 895 was one of the few cultivars performing good dual qualities for Chinese dry white noodles and steamed bread with stable medium gluten strength, bright and yellow flour colour across environments in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Region, with Glu-A3d, and performed high nutrition quality with stable and high phenolic acid concentration of 748 μg·g^-1. This research provides very important information and experience for developing new cultivars with high yield potential and broad adaptability.

Key words: common wheat, Zhongmai 895, yield potential, broad adaptability, disease resistance

张勇,阎俊,肖永贵,郝元峰,张艳,徐开杰,曹双河,田宇兵,李思敏,闫俊良,张赵星,陈新民,王德森,夏先春,何中虎. 中麦895高产稳产优质特性遗传解析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(15): 3158-3167.

ZHANG Yong,YAN Jun,XIAO YongGui,HAO YuanFeng,ZHANG Yan,XU KaiJie,CAO ShuangHe,TIAN YuBing,LI SiMin,YAN JunLiang,ZHANG ZhaoXing,CHEN XinMin,WANG DeSen,XIA XianChun,HE ZhongHu. Characterization of Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 895 with High Yield Potential, Broad Adaptability, and Good Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(15): 3158-3167.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.002

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I15/3158

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参考文献 24

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类型 Trial type	年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	株高 PH (cm)	穗数 SN (spikes/m²)	穗粒数 KNS	千粒重 TKW (g)	产量 GY (kg·hm^-2)	±CK (%)	增产点次 YIS
区域试验RYT	2010—2011	中麦895 Zhongmai 895	71b	678a	29.8b	47.1a	8820a	5.1	17 (19^#)
	2010—2011	周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK)	74a	603b	34.3a	44.7b	8392b
	2011—2012	中麦895 Zhongmai 895	75b	651a	29.7b	45.8a	7590a	4.4	16 (17)
	2011—2012	周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK)	79a	575b	32.3a	44.9b	7275b
生产试验RPT	2011—2012	中麦895 Zhongmai 895	75b	648a	29.3b	48.0a	7665a	4.3	14 (15)
生产试验RPT	2011—2012	周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK)	77a	569b	32.0a	44.9b	7350b
平均 Average		中麦895 Zhongmai 895	74.3b	641a	29.2b	48.3a	7973a	4.6
平均 Average		周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK)	78.0a	573b	32.5a	46.0b	7561b

地点 Location	年份 Year	面积 Area (hm²)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	备注 Remarks
陕西省三原县Sanyuan, Shaanxi	2012	0.30	10562	实产,本省最高单产纪录Harvest yield, provincial record
陕西省三原县Sanyuan, Shaanxi	2014	0.20	10862	实产,本省最高单产纪录Harvest yield, provincial record
河南省滑县Huaxian, Henan	2015	0.20	11714	实产Harvest yield
河南省新乡县Xinxiang, Henan	2016	0.34	11730	实产Harvest yield

品种 Cultivar	株高 PH (cm)	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	花期叶面积指数 LAI	穗数 SN (spikes/m²)	穗粒数 KNS	千粒重 TKW (g)	产量 GY (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 HI
豫麦13 Yumai 13	84.6a	15302bc	4.92b	757a	37b	41.6c	7806bc	0.38ab
豫麦49号 Yumai 49	77.7bc	15281bc	4.59cd	645bc	36bc	48.0b	8390b	0.39a
周麦16 Zhoumai 16	73.5c	15765b	4.35d	574c	40a	54.1a	8433b	0.38ab
周麦18 Zhoumai 18	79.2b	14572c	4.74bc	602bc	34c	45.7bc	8546b	0.35c
百农AK58 Bainong AK58	69.3d	15290bc	4.83bc	630bc	36bc	46.8bc	7563c	0.38a
中麦895 Zhongmai 895	77.9bc	17367a	5.27a	586c	37b	56.0a	8906a	0.37b

品种 Cultivar	大田Normal		热处理Heat stress
品种 Cultivar	千粒重 TKW (g)	平均灌浆速率 Va (g·1000-kernel^-1·d^-1)	千粒重 TKW (g)	平均灌浆速率 Va (g·1000-kernel^-1·d^-1)
中麦895 Zhongmai 895	51.0a	1.27a	46.7a	1.15a
京冬8 Jingdong 8	50.0a	1.26a	48.7a	1.21a
衡4399 Heng 4399	44.0b	1.05b	38.5b	0.97b

灌溉处理 Irrigation	穗数 SN (spikes/m²)	穗粒数 KNS	千粒重 TKW (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·mm^-1)
W1	410c^#/382c^$	26.7c/28.7c	45.9c/44.5c	4365c/4775c	14.7c/16.1a
W2	460b/433b	30.1b/29.9bc	49.5b/45.8bc	5806b/5666b	16.2b/15.9ab
W3	541a/519a	33.0a/31.4ab	51.6ab/47.1ab	7115a/6565a	17.1a/15.7ab
W4	565a/566a	33.2a/32.3a	52.1a/48.5a	7481a/6995a	15.7bc/14.7b

中麦895高产稳产优质特性遗传解析

Characterization of Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 895 with High Yield Potential, Broad Adaptability, and Good Quality

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氮肥处理 Nitrogen	平米穗数 SN (spikes/m²)	穗粒数 KNS	千粒重 TKW (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥吸收效率 NUE (%)	氮肥利用效率 NUtE (kg·kg^-1)
T1	558a/512a	29.9a/33.9a	45.3b/43.7b	6220c/6008b	0/0	0/0	0/0
T2	574a/522a	28.8ab/31.3ab	53.1a/48.4a	6536b/6062b	5.4/4.9	0.24/0.21	27.2/24.4
T3	552a/482b	27.4bc/30.3bc	54.1a/49.6a	6918a/6186ab	3.8/3.2	0.17/0.15	19.2/16.6
T4	496b/471b	26.0c/26.0c	51.3a/49.4a	6634b/6370a	2.8/2.6	0.14/0.12	13.8/13.2

类型 Type	特性 Trait	中麦895 Zhongmai 895	周麦16 Zhoumai 16	郑麦366 Zhengmai 366	雪花粉 Xuehua
面条 Noodle	色泽Color(15)	9.2	9.0	9.6	10.5
	表面状况Appearance(10)	6.3	6.5	6.8	7.0
	软硬度Firmness(20)	14.3	12.5	13.8	14.0
	粘弹性Viscoelasticity(30)	21.4	18.4	21.4	21.0
	光滑性Smoothness(15)	11.4	9.2	9.8	10.5
	食味Flavor(10)	8.3	7.8	7.8	7.0
	总分Total score(100)	70.8	63.3	68.9	70.0
馒头 Steamed bread	比容Specific volume(20)	18	11.8	16.3	15.0
	外形Shape(10)	6.0	4.3	6.8	8.0
	表面光滑Smoothness(10)	7.5	5.0	7.3	8.0
	表面色泽Skin color(10)	4.5	4.0	6.8	10.0
	压缩张弛性Stress relaxation(35)	29.0	21.5	29.0	35.0
	结构Structure(15)	11.8	7.9	12.4	12.0
	总分Total score(100)	76.8	54.4	78.4	88.0

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