中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 596-607.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.013
郑凤君1(),王雪2(
),李生平1,刘晓彤1,刘志平4,卢晋晶1,4,武雪萍1(
),席吉龙3,张建诚3(
),李永山3
收稿日期:
2020-05-04
接受日期:
2020-07-29
出版日期:
2021-02-01
发布日期:
2021-02-01
通讯作者:
武雪萍,张建诚
作者简介:
郑凤君,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHENG FengJun1(),WANG Xue2(
),LI ShengPing1,LIU XiaoTong1,LIU ZhiPing4,LU JinJing1,4,WU XuePing1(
),XI JiLong3,ZHANG JianCheng3(
),LI YongShan3
Received:
2020-05-04
Accepted:
2020-07-29
Online:
2021-02-01
Published:
2021-02-01
Contact:
XuePing WU,JianCheng ZHANG
摘要:
【目的】基于山西运城8年(2008—2015)长期定位试验,研究免耕覆盖下土壤团聚体稳定性、团聚体活性有机碳分布特征、冬小麦水分利用效率和产量变化特征,分析土壤水分、土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳组分对小麦籽粒产量的协同关系,为选择适宜黄土高原旱作农业区最佳耕作模式提供理论依据。【方法】选取传统耕作秸秆翻耕还田(CT-SP)和免耕秸秆覆盖还田(NT-SM)两种耕作措施,在冬小麦收获期,利用干筛法测定土壤团聚体各粒级质量分数;测定各粒级土壤团聚体有机碳(SOC)及活性有机碳(可溶性有机碳,DOC;易氧化有机碳,EOC;微生物量碳,MBC)含量;测定土壤水分(土壤体积含水量,θv;播种前贮水量,SB;收获后贮水量,SA;生育期耗水量,ET;降水利用效率,PUE;水分利用效率,WUE)和作物产量等关键指标。【结果】(1)与CT-SP处理相比,NT-SM处理显著提高0.25—2 mm团聚体含量、>0.25 mm 团聚体含量(R0.25)和几何平均直径(GMD),分别提升13.9%、8.8%和9.6%。(2)与CT-SP处理相比,NT-SM处理中全土SOC、>2 mm和0.25—2 mm粒级团聚体SOC与MBC含量分别提升17.7%与23.6%、18.4%与18.2%和22.4%与39.2%。0.25—2 mm粒级团聚体对SOC和MBC的贡献率,分别提升18.4%和28.4%。(3)与CT-SP处理相比,NT-SM处理提高了SA、PUE、WUE和小麦产量,分别提升17.7%、8.92%、14.98%和8.92%,并且SOC、WUE、R0.25、MWD和GMD等指标与小麦产量相关系数均达到0.9以上。(4)通过结构方程模型分析发现,土壤团聚体DOC和EOC通过协同效应影响MBC的变化,MBC含量对SOC的总效应为0.88,是影响SOC变化的主导因子。(5)土壤贮水量、土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布协同影响小麦产量,并且土壤团聚体稳定性对小麦产量表现为极显著正效应。【结论】在黄土高原旱作农业区,免耕秸秆覆盖还田可改善土壤团聚体结构,增加土壤水分含量,提高小麦水分利用效率,显著增加耕层土壤有机碳和活性有机碳组分含量,从而实现土壤固碳保墒和作物增产的协同效应。
郑凤君, 王雪, 李生平, 刘晓彤, 刘志平, 卢晋晶, 武雪萍, 席吉龙, 张建诚, 李永山. 免耕覆盖下土壤水分、团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布对小麦产量的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3): 596-607.
ZHENG FengJun, WANG Xue, LI ShengPing, LIU XiaoTong, LIU ZhiPing, LU JinJing, WU XuePing, XI JiLong, ZHANG JianCheng, LI YongShan. Synergistic Effects of Soil Moisture, Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon Distribution on Wheat Yield Under No-Tillage Practice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 596-607.
表3
不同耕作处理SOC、小麦产量和土壤团聚体稳定性指标的相关关系"
Yield | SOC | DOC | EOC | MBC | SB | SA | WUE | R0.25 | MWD | GMD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yield | 1 | 0.922** | 0.855* | 0.946** | 0.892* | 0.718 | 0.757 | 0.923** | 0.925** | 0.908* | 0.987** |
SOC | 1 | 0.873* | 0.988** | 0.967** | 0.684 | 0.808 | 0.926** | 0.895* | 0.723 | 0.930** | |
DOC | 1 | 0.858* | 0.865* | 0.346 | 0.501 | 0.820* | 0.661 | 0.772 | 0.840* | ||
EOC | 1 | 0.935** | 0.674 | 0.795 | 0.938** | 0.907* | 0.742 | 0.938** | |||
MBC | 1 | 0.685 | 0.857* | 0.951** | 0.891* | 0.701 | 0.936** | ||||
SB | 1 | 0.876* | 0.66 | 0.899* | 0.633 | 0.759 | |||||
SA | 1 | 0.869* | 0.936** | 0.518 | 0.833** | ||||||
WUE | 1 | 0.916* | 0.707 | 0.956** | |||||||
R0.25 | 1 | 0.765 | 0.952** | ||||||||
MWD | 1 | 0.873* | |||||||||
GMD | 1 |
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