关键词: 耕地保育, 土壤质量, 施肥, 应用技术研究, 环境安全

Abstract: With yield increasing, the agrochemical inputs had been raised by 3.6 times since the beginning of 1980s. Over the same period, however, the crop land fertility management techniques of farmers had not been improved obviously. Blind and excessive application of fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation had been frequently involved in crop production to compensate technological shortages. Lack of technology for arable land fertility management not only caused over expending of fertilizer and water resources, but also led to soil quality degradation, production cost increase and pollution of water, soil, air and farm products. It endangered environmental safety and food security. Analyses showed that there were mainly two obstacles for improving farmers' techniques. The first one was the weakening of applied researches and applied basic researches. Over the years, the nonprofit state and provincial professional research institutions, which were formerly responsible to carry out soil and fertilization field experiments had changed their main focus into more generalized scientific questions as those from the universities. Due to such changes, the implementation of long-term studies, which were essential for developing regional technical indexes and standard for best fertilization and tillage practices had become more and more difficult., There were seldom technical indexes and standards that were understandable for farmers in different regions. The second one was missing of agricultural technology extension services. To solve the problems, improvements in following areas should be made: firstly, to restore and maintain the specialized features of state and provincial research institutes for soil and fertilizer research works; secondly, to keep a certain stability for topics of research program concerning with land fertility management techniques and to ensure the program with the necessary duration; thirdly, to try a new way for technical extension of best soil and fertilizer management practice，that may be supported by modern information, communication and intelligent techniques and more suitable for current rural conditions of the country.

Key words: arable land fertility management, soil quality, fertilization, applied researches, environmental safety