中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 768-779.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.009
雷豪杰1(),李贵春2,柯华东1,魏崃1,丁武汉1,徐驰1,李虎1(
)
收稿日期:
2020-05-19
接受日期:
2020-09-11
出版日期:
2021-02-16
发布日期:
2021-02-16
通讯作者:
李虎
作者简介:
雷豪杰,E-mail: 基金资助:
LEI HaoJie1(),LI GuiChun2,KE HuaDong1,WEI Lai1,DING WuHan1,XU Chi1,LI Hu1(
)
Received:
2020-05-19
Accepted:
2020-09-11
Online:
2021-02-16
Published:
2021-02-16
Contact:
Hu LI
摘要:
【目的】探明滴灌施肥对华北典型种植类型农田N2O排放的影响差异与减排贡献,并明确其综合调控机制,为区域农业生产碳氮优化调控及滴灌施肥技术在华北推广应用提供科学支撑和技术储备。【方法】选择两种典型的作物种植模式(冬小麦-夏玉米轮作和设施菜地)为研究对象,分别设置了4个处理,即对照(CK)、常规漫灌施肥(FP)、滴灌施肥(FPD)和滴灌优化施肥(OPTD),利用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对这两种系统土壤N2O排放进行了连续观测分析。【结果】两种作物系统N2O排放通量变化均与5 cm深土壤温度显著正相关(P<0.05),均在基肥期出现最高排放峰值。在设施蔬菜和粮食作物系统中,FP处理N2O排放总量均为最高,分别达到(5.47±0.23)和(1.70±0.02)kg N·hm-2。对于N2O排放强度,设施蔬菜系统中FP处理为(159.72±2.47)g N·t-1,远低于粮食作物系统(258.41±6.35)g N·t-1,未来N2O减排的关注点仍在粮食作物生产。滴灌施肥可显著降低两种系统N2O排放总量,相比FP处理,在设施蔬菜系统中滴灌施肥可显著减少19.0%(P<0.05),而在粮食作物系统中可减少达到35.0%(P<0.05)。此外,当两种系统施氮量分别降低50%和30%后,在保证作物产量下其减排贡献可分别扩大到30.2%和45.8%。【结论】设施蔬菜和粮食作物系统土壤N2O排放特征存在明显差异,粮食作物生产N2O排放强度明显高于设施蔬菜生产,应进一步关注。同时,滴灌施肥技术在华北农田两种典型的作物系统中均能较好地减少N2O排放,对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统N2O减排贡献更大,具有在华北平原进一步推广应用的潜力。
雷豪杰,李贵春,柯华东,魏崃,丁武汉,徐驰,李虎. 滴灌施肥对两种典型作物系统土壤N2O排放的影响及其调控差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(4): 768-779.
LEI HaoJie,LI GuiChun,KE HuaDong,WEI Lai,DING WuHan,XU Chi,LI Hu. Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N2O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 768-779.
表2
各处理施肥量和灌溉量"
试验点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg N·hm-2) | 化肥 Fertilizer (kg N·hm-2) | 灌溉方式 Irrigation method | 总灌溉量 Irrigation water (mm) | 施肥灌溉日期 Date | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P2O5 | K2O | ||||||
顺义 Shunyi | CK | 500 | 0 | 120 | 200 | 漫灌Flood | 365 | 9/13;10/12;11/1;11/20;12/4 |
FP | 500 | 700 | 120 | 200 | 漫灌Flood | 365 | ||
FPD | 500 | 700 | 120 | 200 | 滴灌Drip | 269 | ||
OPTD | 500 | 350 | 120 | 200 | 滴灌Drip | 269 | ||
桓台 Huantai | CK | — | 0 | 84.7 | 118.3 | 漫灌Flood | 591 | 10/14;11/7;4/6;4/30;5/13;5/28 |
FP | — | 270 | 84.7 | 118.3 | 漫灌Flood | 591 | ||
FPD | — | 270 | 84.7 | 118.3 | 滴灌Drip | 591 | ||
OPTD | — | 189 | 84.7 | 118.3 | 滴灌Drip | 591 |
表3
设施蔬菜系统和粮食作物系统各处理季度N2O累积排放总量及排放系数"
处理 Treatment | 设施菜地系统 Facility vegetable system | 粮食作物系统 Food crop system | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
排放总量 Cumulative emissions (kg N·hm-2) | 排放系数 Emission coefficient (%) | 排放总量 Cumulative emissions (kg N·hm-2) | 排放系数 Emission coefficient (%) | |
CK | 1.50±0.12d | — | 0.43±0.02d | — |
FP | 5.47±0.23a | 0.57±0.05a | 1.70±0.02a | 0.47±0.01a |
FPD | 4.43±0.14b | 0.42±0.00b | 1.11±0.03b | 0.29±0.01b |
OPTD | 3.82±0.06c | 0.66±0.04a | 0.92±0.10c | 0.31±0.04b |
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