滴灌施肥对两种典型作物系统土壤N2O排放的影响及其调控差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明滴灌施肥对华北典型种植类型农田N₂O排放的影响差异与减排贡献,并明确其综合调控机制,为区域农业生产碳氮优化调控及滴灌施肥技术在华北推广应用提供科学支撑和技术储备。【方法】选择两种典型的作物种植模式（冬小麦-夏玉米轮作和设施菜地）为研究对象,分别设置了4个处理,即对照（CK）、常规漫灌施肥（FP）、滴灌施肥（FPD）和滴灌优化施肥（OPTD）,利用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对这两种系统土壤N₂O排放进行了连续观测分析。【结果】两种作物系统N₂O排放通量变化均与5 cm深土壤温度显著正相关（P＜0.05）,均在基肥期出现最高排放峰值。在设施蔬菜和粮食作物系统中,FP处理N₂O排放总量均为最高,分别达到（5.47±0.23）和（1.70±0.02）kg N·hm^-2。对于N₂O排放强度,设施蔬菜系统中FP处理为（159.72±2.47）g N·t^-1,远低于粮食作物系统（258.41±6.35）g N·t^-1,未来N₂O减排的关注点仍在粮食作物生产。滴灌施肥可显著降低两种系统N₂O排放总量,相比FP处理,在设施蔬菜系统中滴灌施肥可显著减少19.0%（P＜0.05）,而在粮食作物系统中可减少达到35.0%（P＜0.05）。此外,当两种系统施氮量分别降低50%和30%后,在保证作物产量下其减排贡献可分别扩大到30.2%和45.8%。【结论】设施蔬菜和粮食作物系统土壤N₂O排放特征存在明显差异,粮食作物生产N₂O排放强度明显高于设施蔬菜生产,应进一步关注。同时,滴灌施肥技术在华北农田两种典型的作物系统中均能较好地减少N₂O排放,对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统N₂O减排贡献更大,具有在华北平原进一步推广应用的潜力。

关键词: 滴灌施肥, 设施蔬菜, 粮食作物, 氧化亚氮（N₂O）, 减排贡献

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact differences and emission reduction contribution of drip irrigation and fertilization on N₂O emissions from farmland of typical planting types in North China, and to clarify its comprehensive control mechanism, so as to provide scientific support and technical reserves for the optimization and control of regional agricultural production carbon and nitrogen and the promotion and application of drip fertilization technology in North China.【Method】Two typical crop planting modes (winter wheat-summer corn rotation and facility vegetable fields) were selected as the research objects, and four treatments were set, namely control (CK), conventional flood irrigation fertilization (FP), drip irrigation fertilization (FPD), and drip irrigation Optimized fertilization (OPTD). Continuous static observation and analysis of soil N₂O emissions from these two systems were performed by using automatic static chamber-gas chromatography.【Result】The changes of N₂O fluxes from the two crop systems were significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature of 5cm (P＜0.05), and both crop systems had the highest N₂O emission peak during the basal fertilizer period. In the greenhouse vegetable and food crop systems, the total cumulative N₂O emissions of FP treatment were the highest, reaching (5.47±0.23) and (1.70±0.02) kg N·hm^-2, respectively. For the N₂O emission intensity per unit yield, the FP treatment in the facility vegetable system was (159.72±2.47) g N·t^-1, which was much lower than the grain crop system (258.41±6.35) g N·t^-1. The focus of future N₂O emission reduction was still food crop production. Drip irrigation and fertilization could significantly reduce the total N₂O emissions of the two systems. Compared with FP treatment, drip irrigation and fertilization in facility vegetable systems could significantly reduce the total N₂O emissions by 19.0% (P＜0.05), while in food crop systems could be reduced by 35.0% (P＜0.05). In addition, when the nitrogen application rates of the two systems were reduced by 50% and 30%, the emission reduction contribution was expanded to 30.2% and 45.8%, respectively, while ensuring crop yields.【Conclusion】There were obvious differences in the characteristics of soil N₂O emissions from facility vegetable and food crop systems. The N₂O emission intensity of food crop production was significantly higher than that of facility vegetable production, and the further attention should be paid. At the same time, drip irrigation and fertilization technology could reduce N₂O emissions in two typical crop systems in North China farmland, but it had a greater contribution to N₂O emission reduction in the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system, and it had the potential for further application in the North China Plain.

Key words: drip irrigation and fertilization, facility vegetables, food crops, N₂O, emission reduction contribution

雷豪杰,李贵春,柯华东,魏崃,丁武汉,徐驰,李虎. 滴灌施肥对两种典型作物系统土壤N₂O排放的影响及其调控差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(4): 768-779.

LEI HaoJie,LI GuiChun,KE HuaDong,WEI Lai,DING WuHan,XU Chi,LI Hu. Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N₂O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 768-779.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.009

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I4/768

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试验点 Site	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	pH	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)
顺义Shunyi	14.3	7.2	1.22	128.1	1.69	11.7	3.2	147.5
桓台Huantai	19.6	—	29.81	167.9	1.58	—	0.7	18.4

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg N·hm^-2)	化肥 Fertilizer (kg N·hm^-2)			灌溉方式 Irrigation method	总灌溉量 Irrigation water (mm)	施肥灌溉日期 Date
试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg N·hm^-2)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	总灌溉量 Irrigation water (mm)	施肥灌溉日期 Date
顺义 Shunyi	CK	500	0	120	200	漫灌Flood	365	9/13;10/12;11/1;11/20;12/4
	FP	500	700	120	200	漫灌Flood	365
	FPD	500	700	120	200	滴灌Drip	269
	OPTD	500	350	120	200	滴灌Drip	269
桓台 Huantai	CK	—	0	84.7	118.3	漫灌Flood	591	10/14;11/7;4/6;4/30;5/13;5/28
	FP	—	270	84.7	118.3	漫灌Flood	591
	FPD	—	270	84.7	118.3	滴灌Drip	591
	OPTD	—	189	84.7	118.3	滴灌Drip	591

处理 Treatment	设施菜地系统 Facility vegetable system		粮食作物系统 Food crop system
处理 Treatment	排放总量 Cumulative emissions (kg N·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission coefficient (%)	排放总量 Cumulative emissions (kg N·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission coefficient (%)
CK	1.50±0.12d	—	0.43±0.02d	—
FP	5.47±0.23a	0.57±0.05a	1.70±0.02a	0.47±0.01a
FPD	4.43±0.14b	0.42±0.00b	1.11±0.03b	0.29±0.01b
OPTD	3.82±0.06c	0.66±0.04a	0.92±0.10c	0.31±0.04b

滴灌施肥对两种典型作物系统土壤N₂O排放的影响及其调控差异

Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N₂O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization

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