中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 93-111.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.01.10

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

畜禽产品碳足迹研究进展与分析

黄文强,董红敏,朱志平,刘翀,陶秀萍,王悦   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2014-05-19 出版日期:2015-01-01 发布日期:2015-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 董红敏,E-mail:donghongmin@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:黄文强,E-mail:huangwq1989@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303091)、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划子课题(2012BAC20B03)

Research Progress and Analysis of Carbon Footprint of Livestock Products

HUANG Wen-qiang, DONG Hong-min, ZHU Zhi-ping, LIU Chong, TAO Xiu-ping, WANG Yue   

  1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2014-05-19 Online:2015-01-01 Published:2015-01-01

摘要: 畜禽养殖业是重要的温室气体排放源科学评估畜禽产品的碳足迹,对减排技术的选择和低碳农业的发展具有重要意义。笔者在总结国内外畜禽产品碳足迹评估方法的基础上,汇总了中国及欧美等发达国家评估鸡蛋、猪肉、牛肉和牛奶等畜禽产品碳足迹的研究结果,并对现有研究结果进行综合分析。从畜禽产品产生的碳足迹分析,选择的功能单位不同对畜禽产品的碳足迹有明显影响,每生产1 kg牛肉的碳足迹最大,达到(20.51±8.39)kg CO2-eq;其次为每生产1 kg猪肉和1 kg鸡蛋,分别为(4.24±1.07) kg CO2-eq和(2.24±0.83)kg CO2-eq;每生产1 kg牛奶的碳足迹最小,为(1.19±0.40) kg CO2-eq;畜禽产品每提供1 kg蛋白质的碳足迹从大到小依次为牛肉、牛奶、猪肉和鸡蛋,分别为(103.05±42.14)、(39.72±13.20)、(32.09±8.14)和(19.37±7.15)kg CO2-eq;畜禽产品每提供1 kg脂肪的碳足迹从大到小依次为牛肉、牛奶、鸡蛋和猪肉,分别为(488.25±199.65)、(37.23±12.37)、(29.28±10.80)和(11.45±2.91) kg CO2-eq;畜禽产品每提供1 000 kcal能量的碳足迹从大到小依次为牛肉、牛奶、鸡蛋和猪肉,分别为(16.41±6.71)、(2.21±0.73)、(1.56±0.57)和(1.07±0.27) kg CO2-eq。从畜禽产品的生产环节对系统排放量的贡献率分析,饲料作物种植和生产加工环节是鸡蛋和猪肉生产时温室气体排放最高的环节,该环节分别占鸡蛋和猪肉生产系统排放量的(74.0±16.5)%和(61.3±7.6)%;肠道发酵甲烷排放对牛肉和牛奶生产过程中碳足迹贡献比例最大,分别占牛肉和牛奶生产系统排放量的(53.7±8.2)%和(52.7±6.1)%。从畜禽产品生产产生的温室气体对系统排放量的贡献率分析,CO2是鸡蛋生产碳足迹中贡献率最高的温室气体,其排放量占整个系统的(55.42±2.7)%,N2O是猪肉生产碳足迹中贡献率最高的温室气体,占整个系统其排放量的(56.8±10.4)%,CH4是牛肉和牛奶生产碳足迹中贡献率最高的温室气体,分别占牛肉和牛奶碳足迹的(50.2±8.3)%和(58.6±8.3)%。目前国外尤其是欧美等发达国家关于畜禽产品碳足迹研究相对较多,但采用的评估方法和计算模型不同,需要建立统一的畜禽产品碳足迹评估方法。中国在畜禽产品碳足迹评估领域仍处于起步阶段,建议在国内外现有研究的基础上,建立符合中国生产实际的评价方法,系统评估中国畜禽产品的碳足迹,同时针对不同畜禽产品碳足迹贡献率高的环节开展减排技术研究,为科学评估中国畜禽产品的碳足迹,筛选减排技术,降低碳排放强度提供支持。

关键词: 畜禽, 温室气体, 碳足迹, 评估方法

Abstract: Livestock production is one of the important emission sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs), evaluation of the carbon footprint of livestock products is vital for selection of mitigation technology and promotion of low-carbon agriculture. Based on current evaluation methods of carbon footprint, this study summarized the domestic and overseas researches on assessment of the carbon footprint of animal products (eggs, pork, beef and milk), and made a comprehensive analysis based on the present research achievements. Carbon footprint of livestock products varies with unit of animal products. The carbon footprint in producing 1 kg of beef is the greatest and reaches (20.51±8.39) kg CO2-eq, followed by 1 kg of pork and eggs production with (4.24±1.07) kg CO2-eq and (2.24±0.83) kg CO2-eq, respectively, while that in producing 1 kg milk is the minimum of (1.19±0.40) kg CO2-eq. The carbon footprint in producing 1 kg protein from animal products is in a descending order as beef>milk>pork and egg, with values of (103.05±42.14), (39.72±13.20), (32.09±8.14) and (19.37±7.15) kg CO2-eq, respectively. The carbon footprint in producing 1 kg fat from animal products is in a descending order as beef>milk>egg and pork, with values of (488.25±199.65), (37.23±12.37), (29.28±10.80) and (11.45±2.91) kg CO2-eq, respectively. The carbon footprint of 1 000 kcal energy from animal products are beef, milk, egg and pork in descending order, with values of (16.41±6.71), (2.21±0.73), (1.56±0.57) and (1.07±0.27) kg CO2-eq, respectively. Analyses on different links of animal products revealed that the share of greenhouse gas emissions reaches maximum in feed crop planting and producing & processing during egg and pork production, accounting for (74.0±16.5)% and (61.3±7.6)%, respectively. The methane emission from enteric fermentation delivers the greatest contribution to carbon footprint during beef and milk production, accounting for (53.7±8.2)% and (52.7±6.1)%, respectively. Analyses on GHGs emissions from animal products showed that CO2 contributes the maximum to the carbon footprint during egg production, whose emission covers (55.42±2.7)% of the entire system. N2O contributes the maximum during pork production, with (56.8±10.4)% of the entire system. CH4 contributes the maximum during beef and milk production, with (50.2±8.3)% and (58.6±8.3)%, respectively. Although researches on carbon footprint of livestock products based on different methodologies are mostly in abroad, unified assessment guidance needs to be developed to evaluate the carbon footprint of livestock products. There is little research on carbon footprint in China, so it’s suggested that an assessment method suitable for actual production in China should be established. The result of this study could provide some preliminary data to the assessment of carbon footprint of livestock product and identification of mitigation options.

Key words: animal, greenhouse gas, carbon footprint, assessment method