一个甘蓝型油菜胚珠败育突变体的形态鉴定及生理特性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.10.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】油菜胚胎的发育与油菜产量的构成因子、粒重和每荚果粒数密切相关。通过对油菜胚珠发育障碍突变体的形态鉴定和生理特性分析，揭示油菜胚胎的发育机制。【方法】对一个胚珠发育障碍的突变株OVA047的胚珠发育进行了组织解剖学观察，并对可能影响败育的硼营养以及发育中的温度变化等因素进行了分析。采用醋酸洋红染色法鉴定OVA047的花粉育性，选取OVA047植株上即将开放的花蕾，人工去雄授粉后，每隔4 h剥取子房，观察花粉管伸长情况。对正常材料和突变体OVA047一个月龄的幼苗进行叶面施硼处理，调查营养生长情况，花粉育性和结实率。对OVA047人工剥蕾去雄并授粉，标记授粉时间，分别在授粉后不同时期观察统计败育率，记载日均温度和每日最高温度，调查温度与败育率的相关性，用SAS进行统计分析。【结果】突变体OVA047的雄蕊和雌蕊发育正常，花粉可染率95.90%。花粉管萌发正常并能到达胚珠，授粉后7 d和14 d胚珠解剖观察均发现其发育良好，授粉20 d后胚胎出现败育，尤其主花序顶部败育严重，授粉35 d后该部位平均每果有效胚珠数为0.8，为对照的4％。在相同硼肥量的处理中，正常材料与OVA047叶片硼含量均随着施硼量的增加而增加，OVA047叶片的硼含量与正常材料无显著差异；在不同施硼处理间，OVA047的败育程度无显著变化，施硼处理后OVA047依旧败育，平均每果有效胚珠数仅为3.2，平均败育率为60%左右，而对照材料不论施硼处理与否均结实正常，平均每果有效胚珠数为29。2年观察结果均显示突变体OVA047在重庆种植时，主花序顶部、中部、基部胚珠的大规模败育现象均发生在温度显著上升时期，胚珠发育后期随温度升高而败育加剧，不同组织部位的胚珠败育率与日最高气温相关联。【结论】突变体OVA047的败育并非源于受精障碍，与硼营养障碍无关，但可能受环境温度的影响。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus） , 胚珠败育 , 硼 , 温度

Abstract: 【Objective】The development of ovule is closely related with seed-setting and seed weight, which are components of seed yield in rapeseed. The investigation of morphologic and physiologic characterization of abortion mutant will benefit understanding the mechanism of development of ovule. 【Method】 In this study, OVA047，an ovule abortion mutant, was characterized in histological anatomy and investigated for the effects of nutrition of boron and temperature in Chongqing. Acetic red dyeing method was used to identify pollen fertility of OVA047. The buds of OVA047 which were about to open were selected for artificial emasculation and pollination. The ovary samples were taken and the pollen tube elongation was observed every 4 hours after artificial pollination. Foliar boron treatments were applied for one month seedlings of the normal materials and OVA047. Vegetative growth, pollen fertility and seed setting rate were investigated. Buds were artificially stripped, emasculated and pollinated, pollination time was tagged, statistical analysis was made for abortive rate in different periods after pollination. Daily average temperature and daily maximum temperature were recorded and the correlation between temperature and abortive rate was investigated. The data obtained were analyzed by using software SAS.【Result】 Normal sexual organisms and pollination could be detected and the pollen dye ability rate was 95.90%。Pollen tube could germinate and reach the ovary. The development of ovule was found in good by anatomy on 7 day and 14th day after pollination, but most of ovules stopped growth 20 days after pollination in OVA047, especially at the top of inflorescence with 0.8 seeds per pod 35 days after pollination, 4% of the control. The content of boron in leaf was increased with the content of foliar-applied boron treatment in both normal material and OVA047. No significant differences were detected between OVA047 and control in the content of boron in leaf in the same treatment of boron fertilization. However, in different treatments of boron fertilization, all the OVA047 still exhibited low seed-setting (3.2) and around 60% of ovule abortion ratio in the inflorescence while the control still exhibited normal seed-setting (29). Two years observation results showed that large-scale ovule abortion phenomenon at the top, middle and basal of the inflorescence occurred in the significant temperature rise period when OVA047 grown in Chongqing, the later ovule abortion was increased with the daily temperature. A strong and positive association was found between ovule abortive rate of OVA047 and daily maximum temperature.【Conclusion】The ovule abortion of OVA047 is not due to fertilization failure and possible does not relate with boron fertilization, but associate with temperature.

Key words: Brassica napus , ovule abortion , boron , temperature

许汪洁, 傅鹰, 董红利, 陈致富, 张沁芸, 毛少帅, 贺亚军, 钱伟. 一个甘蓝型油菜胚珠败育突变体的形态鉴定及生理特性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(10): 2062-2068.

XU Wang-Jie, FU Ying, DONG Hong-Li, CHEN Zhi-Fu, ZHANG Qin-Yun, MAO Shao-Shuai, HE Ya-Jun, QIAN Wei. Morphologic and Physiologic Characterization of an Ovule Abortion Mutant in Brassica napus[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(10): 2062-2068.

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